Dear Colleagues,

Vaccines are one of the most powerful and effective healthcare advances ever developed. Nevertheless, the most effective vaccine candidate for an economical price is still lacking for developing-world populations. A number of factors limit complete global immunization and, among these, is the cost of procuring and distributing vaccines in lower-income countries. In this view, the topic focuses on the development of an economical vaccine candidate against infectious diseases for humans and animals for global public good. Therefore, a new strategy is required to induce a broad range of protective immunity against bacterial, fungal, or viral pathogens. Specially, we need to develop a vaccine technology platform, targeting quality, efficacy, safety, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and affordability. Possible vaccine candidates include live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, toxoid vaccines, conjugate vaccines, DNA vaccines and recombinant vector vaccines. Possible approaches cover fundamental discovery of vaccine candidates through to their preclinical/clinical trials. In addition, the topic includes normal immunologic responses to vaccinations, patterns of abnormal responses, and methods for assessing these responses. Immune response should include a general evaluation of the immune system, including measurements of antibody levels and functional assessments of different immune cells, as well as cytokines. I wish to thank all authors for their contributions to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Chang Won Choi
Guest Editor

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• Vaccine candidates

• Broad range of protective immunity 

• Vaccine technology platform 

• Immune responses 

• Discovery, preclinical and clinical trials