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Nanoparticle Deposition on Walls—Its Mechanism, Control, and Effect Evaluation

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2017) | Viewed by 8548

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
Interests: microscopic morphology/structure control of material surface; functional thin film; composite material; aerosol; nanoparticle; particle deposition in gas phase; microcontamination; health effect of nanoobjects; rf and microwave plasmas

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Particle deposition denotes an arrival of solid or liquid particles suspended in a fluid onto a wall (a gas-solid or gas-liquid interface) followed by a stable attachment of the particles. Particle deposition has attracted the attention of people for a long time from industrial viewpoints including pigment painting, surface contamination by dust, etc. Deposition of particles of the nanometer scale is becoming of greater interest lately. Even a very trace amount of deposited nanoparticles can cause serious problems in certain manufacturing and machining processes that require high precision at a molecular or nanometer scale level. While a conventional process to fabricate functional thin-film materials on a substrate is the continuous building-up of atoms or molecules on the substrate, attempts to enhance the production rate and functionality of the materials by incorporating the deposition of engineered nanoparticles into the process are becoming an active area of research. In addition, unintentional deposition on the respiratory organs or skins of a human is also an issue of growing concern in association with the increasing opportunities of the use of nanoparticulate materials. Particle deposition is driven by the mechanisms in which fluid motion and various forces related to particle transport and attachment are integrated. For any of the desirable and undesirable nanoparticle depositions mentioned above, peculiar characteristics of the deposition mechanisms owing to the extremely small particle size need to be understood sufficiently. This Special Issue will cover recent advances in the investigation of the deposition mechanisms, control and prevention of particle deposition, and evaluation of the effects of deposition upon the walls and the human organs onto which deposition took place.

Prof. Dr. Manabu Shimada
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • convective transport in laminar and turbulent flow
  • Brownian diffusion
  • phoretic migration
  • surface microcontamination
  • inhalation toxicity of manufactured particles
  • precise processing of surfaces
  • functional surface synthesis
  • accumulation of nanoobjects

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 30939 KiB  
Article
Molecular Binding Contributes to Concentration Dependent Acrolein Deposition in Rat Upper Airways: CFD and Molecular Dynamics Analyses
by Jinxiang Xi, Qin Hu, Linlin Zhao and Xiuhua April Si
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19(4), 997; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19040997 - 27 Mar 2018
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3988
Abstract
Existing in vivo experiments show significantly decreased acrolein uptake in rats with increasing inhaled acrolein concentrations. Considering that high-polarity chemicals are prone to bond with each other, it is hypothesized that molecular binding between acrolein and water will contribute to the experimentally observed [...] Read more.
Existing in vivo experiments show significantly decreased acrolein uptake in rats with increasing inhaled acrolein concentrations. Considering that high-polarity chemicals are prone to bond with each other, it is hypothesized that molecular binding between acrolein and water will contribute to the experimentally observed deposition decrease by decreasing the effective diffusivity. The objective of this study is to quantify the probability of molecular binding for acrolein, as well as its effects on acrolein deposition, using multiscale simulations. An image-based rat airway geometry was used to predict the transport and deposition of acrolein using the chemical species model. The low Reynolds number turbulence model was used to simulate the airflows. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were used to study the molecular binding of acrolein in different media and at different acrolein concentrations. MD results show that significant molecular binding can happen between acrolein and water molecules in human and rat airways. With 72 acrolein embedded in 800 water molecules, about 48% of acrolein compounds contain one hydrogen bond and 10% contain two hydrogen bonds, which agreed favorably with previous MD results. The percentage of hydrogen-bonded acrolein compounds is higher at higher acrolein concentrations or in a medium with higher polarity. Computational dosimetry results show that the size increase caused by the molecular binding reduces the effective diffusivity of acrolein and lowers the chemical deposition onto the airway surfaces. This result is consistent with the experimentally observed deposition decrease at higher concentrations. However, this size increase can only explain part of the concentration-dependent variation of the acrolein uptake and acts as a concurrent mechanism with the uptake-limiting tissue ration rate. Intermolecular interactions and associated variation in diffusivity should be considered in future dosimetry modeling of high-polarity chemicals such as acrolein. Full article
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6622 KiB  
Article
Biopersistence of NiO and TiO2 Nanoparticles Following Intratracheal Instillation and Inhalation
by Takako Oyabu, Toshihiko Myojo, Byeong-Woo Lee, Takami Okada, Hiroto Izumi, Yukiko Yoshiura, Taisuke Tomonaga, Yun-Shan Li, Kazuaki Kawai, Manabu Shimada, Masaru Kubo, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Kenji Kawaguchi, Takeshi Sasaki and Yasuo Morimoto
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18(12), 2757; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18122757 - 19 Dec 2017
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4166
Abstract
The hazards of various types of nanoparticles with high functionality have not been fully assessed. We investigated the usefulness of biopersistence as a hazard indicator of nanoparticles by performing inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies and comparing the biopersistence of two nanoparticles with different [...] Read more.
The hazards of various types of nanoparticles with high functionality have not been fully assessed. We investigated the usefulness of biopersistence as a hazard indicator of nanoparticles by performing inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies and comparing the biopersistence of two nanoparticles with different toxicities: NiO and TiO2 nanoparticles with high and low toxicity among nanoparticles, respectively. In the 4-week inhalation studies, the average exposure concentrations were 0.32 and 1.65 mg/m3 for NiO, and 0.50 and 1.84 mg/m3 for TiO2. In the instillation studies, 0.2 and 1.0 mg of NiO nanoparticles and 0.2, 0.36, and 1.0 mg of TiO2 were dispersed in 0.4 mL water and instilled to rats. After the exposure, the lung burden in each of five rats was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) from 3 days to 3 months for inhalation studies and to 6 months for instillation studies. In both the inhalation and instillation studies, NiO nanoparticles persisted for longer in the lung compared with TiO2 nanoparticles, and the calculated biological half times (BHTs) of the NiO nanoparticles was longer than that of the TiO2 nanoparticles. Biopersistence also correlated with histopathological changes, inflammatory response, and other biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after the exposure to nanoparticles. These results suggested that the biopersistence is a good indicator of the hazards of nanoparticles. Full article
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