Novel Research in Gender Incongruence

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Mental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2019) | Viewed by 14329

Special Issue Editor

Professor and Chair of Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
Interests: urologic oncology; benign prostatic hyperplasia; laparoscopic/robot-assisted surgery; gender identity disorder

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although the classification gender identity disorder in the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) will be replaced by gender incongruence in the ICD-11, which is supposed to be released in 2018, a marked and persistent incongruence between an individual´s experienced gender and the assigned sex is a crucial issue not only in the medical but also in the human rights, cultural, legal, educational and social fields throughout the world. The precise pathogenesis of gender incongruence remains unclear. In addition, its exact prevalence in the world has not been fully clarified because of the lack of internationally comparable epidemiological studies using the same protocol. In general, to adapt the figure of the body to the native gender identity, physical treatments such as administration of cross-sex steroids and sex reassignment surgery are considered. However, solid evidence to support the efficacy and effectiveness of these treatments based on well-designed clinical studies is insufficient. Furthermore, the long-term outcome and impact on the Quality of Life (QOL) after the intervention for gender incongruence are not well known. This Special Issue aims to discuss manuscripts presenting novel findings on gender incongruence in terms of basic, clinical and epidemiological research. Of course legal, educational and social research will also be enthusiastically welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Naoya Masumori
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Gender Identity Disorder
  • Gender Incongruence
  • Gender Dysphoria
  • Transsexual
  • Transgender
  • Cross-Sex Steroid
  • Sex Reassignment Surgery

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 320 KiB  
Article
How Gender Identity and Treatment Progress Impact Decision-Making, Psychotherapy and Aftercare Desires of Trans Persons
by Toby K. Mayer, Andreas Koehler, Jana Eyssel and Timo O. Nieder
J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8(5), 749; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050749 - 26 May 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4220
Abstract
The gender identity of trans individuals influences their treatment preferences, and this in turn seems to affect their individual treatment progress. However, there has been no research which—next to the impact of gender identity on treatment desires—has also investigated the influence of treatment [...] Read more.
The gender identity of trans individuals influences their treatment preferences, and this in turn seems to affect their individual treatment progress. However, there has been no research which—next to the impact of gender identity on treatment desires—has also investigated the influence of treatment progress using a measure which assumes various possible transition pathways of trans persons.Therefore, an online community survey of trans people was conducted in Germany in 2015. Data were collected via an online survey from a non-clinical sample of n = 415 trans individuals (over half assigned female at birth), aged 16–76 (Mean (M) = 38.12). Almost one fifth of participants embraced non-binary or genderqueer (NBGQ) identities. Participants progressed 60.77% (standard deviation (SD) = 35.21) through treatment at point of data collection, as measured by the individual treatment progress score (ITPS). All participants, especially participants assigned male at birth, differed significantly in desire to participate in decision-making processes based on transition progress; individuals without treatment experience had less desire to decide treatment plans. NBGQ participants assigned male at birth in early stages of transition had significantly more desire for psychotherapy during transition than participants of the same identity in later transition stages. All participants, especially binary participants, significantly differed in desire for aftercare based on transition progress; individuals without treatment experience indicated more desire for aftercare. Results indicate health professionals should expect changing treatment desires in trans individuals at various stages of transition, particularly at treatment start, and based on gender identity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research in Gender Incongruence)
20 pages, 2753 KiB  
Article
Righting the Misperceptions of Men Having Sex with Men: A Pre-Requisite for Protecting and Understanding Gender Incongruence in Vietnam
by Van Anh T. Nguyen, Ngoc Quynh H. Nguyen, Thu Hong Khuat, Phuong Thao T. Nguyen, Thu Trang Do, Xuan Thai Vu, Kien Tran, Manh Tung Ho, Hong Kong T. Nguyen, Thu Trang Vuong and Quan Hoang Vuong
J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8(1), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8010105 - 17 Jan 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5456
Abstract
Protecting the rights of the lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender, intersex, and queers (LGBTIQ) population requires, first and foremost, a proper understanding of their sexual orientation and gender identity. This study highlights a severe misunderstanding and lack of knowledge among health professionals in Vietnam [...] Read more.
Protecting the rights of the lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender, intersex, and queers (LGBTIQ) population requires, first and foremost, a proper understanding of their sexual orientation and gender identity. This study highlights a severe misunderstanding and lack of knowledge among health professionals in Vietnam with regard to the men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgenders. This study uses (i) a survey based on the convenience sampling method among 150 health workers that covered 61 questions and (ii) 12 in-depth interviews in two metropolitan centres in Vietnam, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city. Three main topics are explored: (i) the general knowledge of healthcare workers about MSM and transgenders; (ii) their knowledge about the sexual reproductive health and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) risks of MSM and transgenders; and (iii) their attitudes and behaviors towards MSM and transgenders. One of the notable findings is how prevalent the misperceptions are across the board, namely, in staff of both sexes, in both cities, at various kinds of medical facilities, at different work positions and educational levels. Half of the respondents consider transgenders to have a curable mental problem while 45% say MSM only have sex with males. Most remarkably, 12.7% state if they have any choice, they want nothing to do with MSM and transgenders. The study finds there is a considerable percentage of health professionals who lack knowledge about the diversity of sexual orientation, gender identity, and health issues related to the sexual minorities and gender non-conforming population. To improve the clinical process for serving these at-risk groups, the study suggests the continual education for the health workers needs to be added to their formal as well as in-job training. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research in Gender Incongruence)
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Review

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12 pages, 1756 KiB  
Review
Options for Fertility Treatments for Trans Women in Germany
by Florian Schneider, Bettina Scheffer, Jennifer Dabel, Laura Heckmann, Stefan Schlatt, Sabine Kliesch and Nina Neuhaus
J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8(5), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050730 - 22 May 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4222
Abstract
Fertility preservation in trans women is a crucial but thus far neglected component in the gender confirming treatment in Germany. It is difficult for trans women to access reproductive health care because centers offering treatment, psychological guidance, gender confirming surgery, as well as [...] Read more.
Fertility preservation in trans women is a crucial but thus far neglected component in the gender confirming treatment in Germany. It is difficult for trans women to access reproductive health care because centers offering treatment, psychological guidance, gender confirming surgery, as well as reproductive health services are scarce in Germany. Legal, social, or financial issues as well as individual patient comorbidities prevent trans women from receiving appropriate counselling. This review provides an overview on options of fertility preservation in trans women. We consider recent publications on testicular regression at the time of gender confirming surgery demonstrating presence of sperm or at least spermatogonia in the majority of tissues. This may open options for cryopreservation of sperm or testicular stem cells in trans women even at the final stage of transition. Hence, standardized urological procedures (i.e., sperm cryopreservation after masturbation or sperm extraction from the testicular tissue) and experimental approaches (cryopreservation of testicular tissue with undifferentiated spermatogonia) can be offered best at the initiation but also during the gender confirming process. However, counselling early in the gender confirming process increases the chances of fertility preservation because gender confirming hormone therapy has an impact on spermatogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research in Gender Incongruence)
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