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Skeletal Development
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Skeletal Development

A special issue of Journal of Developmental Biology (ISSN 2221-3759).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2018) | Viewed by 16385

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Tamara Franz-Odendaal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
Interests: evo-devo; eye; scleral ossicles; scleral cartilage; skeleton; embryos; fossils; skeletal development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The skeleton is a highly dynamic tissue, with an ancient history, and which exhibits great diversity amongst organisms. This Special Issue will focus on studies that elucidate the morphogenesis of bones, cartilages, teeth (and scales!), from the earliest stages of development (skeletogenic condensations and placodes) to how skeletal shapes arise. Studies that describe the interactions between the skeleton and other tissues (e.g. tendons, ligaments, muscle, etc.) during development are also encouraged. Both reviews and research papers are welcome. Through this Special Issue, gaps in our current understanding of skeletal development in different organisms will be uncovered. We look forward to your contribution.

Prof. Dr. Tamara Franz-Odendaal
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Developmental Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • skeleton
  • teeth
  • bones
  • cartilages
  • scales
  • morphology
  • embryos

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 4851 KiB  
Article
It’s about Time: Ossification Center Formation in C57BL/6 Mice from E12–E16
by Kevin Flaherty and Joan T. Richtsmeier
J. Dev. Biol. 2018, 6(4), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/jdb6040031 - 15 Dec 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4101
Abstract
The establishment of precise, high-resolution temporal sequences for morphogenetic events in laboratory mice remains a vexing issue in developmental biology. Mouse embryos collected at the same period of gestation, even those from the same litter, show wide variation in individual levels of progress [...] Read more.
The establishment of precise, high-resolution temporal sequences for morphogenetic events in laboratory mice remains a vexing issue in developmental biology. Mouse embryos collected at the same period of gestation, even those from the same litter, show wide variation in individual levels of progress along their developmental trajectory. Therefore, age at harvest does not provide sufficient information about developmental progress to serve as the basis for forming samples for the study of rapidly or near-simultaneously occurring events such as the sequence of ossification center formation. Here, we generate two measures of individual developmental progress (developmental age) for a large sample of mouse embryos using crown–rump lengths that measures size, and limbstaging ages produced by the embryonic Mouse Ontogenetic Staging System (eMOSS) that measure shape. Using these measures, we establish fine-grained sequences of ossification center appearance for mouse embryos. The two measures of developmental progress generate slightly different sequences of ossification center formation demonstrating that despite their tight correlation throughout the developmental period, size and shape are aspects of form that are at least partially dissociated in development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Development)
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20 pages, 2803 KiB  
Article
Kat2a and Kat2b Acetyltransferase Activity Regulates Craniofacial Cartilage and Bone Differentiation in Zebrafish and Mice
by Rwik Sen, Sofia A. Pezoa, Lomeli Carpio Shull, Laura Hernandez-Lagunas, Lee A. Niswander and Kristin Bruk Artinger
J. Dev. Biol. 2018, 6(4), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/jdb6040027 - 12 Nov 2018
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 7472
Abstract
Cranial neural crest cells undergo cellular growth, patterning, and differentiation within the branchial arches to form cartilage and bone, resulting in a precise pattern of skeletal elements forming the craniofacial skeleton. However, it is unclear how cranial neural crest cells are regulated to [...] Read more.
Cranial neural crest cells undergo cellular growth, patterning, and differentiation within the branchial arches to form cartilage and bone, resulting in a precise pattern of skeletal elements forming the craniofacial skeleton. However, it is unclear how cranial neural crest cells are regulated to give rise to the different shapes and sizes of the bone and cartilage. Epigenetic regulators are good candidates to be involved in this regulation, since they can exert both broad as well as precise control on pattern formation. Here, we investigated the role of the histone acetyltransferases Kat2a and Kat2b in craniofacial development using TALEN/CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in zebrafish and the Kat2ahat/hat (also called Gcn5) allele in mice. kat2a and kat2b are broadly expressed during embryogenesis within the central nervous system and craniofacial region. Single and double kat2a and kat2b zebrafish mutants have an overall shortening and hypoplastic nature of the cartilage elements and disruption of the posterior ceratobranchial cartilages, likely due to smaller domains of expression of both cartilage- and bone-specific markers, including sox9a and col2a1, and runx2a and runx2b, respectively. Similarly, in mice we observe defects in the craniofacial skeleton, including hypoplastic bone and cartilage and altered expression of Runx2 and cartilage markers (Sox9, Col2a1). In addition, we determined that following the loss of Kat2a activity, overall histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) acetylation, the main epigenetic target of Kat2a/Kat2b, was decreased. These results suggest that Kat2a and Kat2b are required for growth and differentiation of craniofacial cartilage and bone in both zebrafish and mice by regulating H3K9 acetylation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Development)
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Review

Jump to: Research

13 pages, 758 KiB  
Review
The Forgotten Skeletogenic Condensations: A Comparison of Early Skeletal Development Amongst Vertebrates
by Jennifer L. Giffin, Danielle Gaitor and Tamara A. Franz-Odendaal
J. Dev. Biol. 2019, 7(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/jdb7010004 - 01 Feb 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4442
Abstract
The development of a skeletogenic condensation is perhaps the most critical yet considerably overlooked stage of skeletogenesis. Described in this comprehensive review are the mechanisms that facilitate skeletogenic condensation formation, growth, and maintenance to allow for overt differentiation into a skeletal element. This [...] Read more.
The development of a skeletogenic condensation is perhaps the most critical yet considerably overlooked stage of skeletogenesis. Described in this comprehensive review are the mechanisms that facilitate skeletogenic condensation formation, growth, and maintenance to allow for overt differentiation into a skeletal element. This review discusses the current knowledge of gene regulation and characterization of skeletogenic condensations in the chicken, mouse, zebrafish, and other developmental models. We limited our scope to condensations that give rise to the bones and cartilages of the vertebrate skeleton, with a particular focus on craniofacial and limb bud regions. While many of the skeletogenic processes are similar among vertebrate lineages, differences are apparent in the site and timing of the initial epithelial–mesenchymal interactions as well as in whether the condensation has an osteogenic or chondrogenic fate, both within and among species. Further comparative studies are needed to clarify and broaden the existing knowledge of this intricate phenomenon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skeletal Development)
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