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Metallic Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration
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Metallic Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2016) | Viewed by 16799

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yin Xiao

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
Interests: biomaterials; stem cells; tissue engineering; regenerative medicine; inflammation and tissue repair and regeneration; regenerative dentistry; bone and cartilage regeneration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

One of the most important functions of bone is to support body weight and load bearing. Large bone defect repair and regeneration is still a major clinical challenge despite the significant effort that has been invested in these areas. Metallic implants have been successfully used in dentistry and orthopaedics, however, development of metallic scaffolds for bone regeneration has had less investment and investigation compared with the development of biodegradable scaffolds. Clearly, metallic scaffolds have the advantages of maintaining the space for bone regeneration and providing load bearing with similar mechanical property to bone. However, fabrication of metallic scaffolds, surface modification, controllable of tissue reaction, and bone tissue integration are still challenges for the development of desirable metallic scaffolds for bone regeneration. In this Special Issue, reviews, experimental papers, communications, and comments are invited for all relevant studies in developing metallic scaffolds for bone regeneration.

Prof. Dr. Yin Xiao
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.


Keywords

  • Scaffold
  • Bone
  • Metallic
  • Tissue reaction
  • Regeneration
  • Fabrication
  • Mineralization
  • Mechanical property

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

3236 KiB  
Article
Biomimetic Multispiked Connecting Ti-Alloy Scaffold Prototype for Entirely-Cementless Resurfacing Arthroplasty Endoprostheses—Exemplary Results of Implantation of the Ca-P Surface-Modified Scaffold Prototypes in Animal Model and Osteoblast Culture Evaluation
by Ryszard Uklejewski, Piotr Rogala, Mariusz Winiecki, Renata Tokłowicz, Piotr Ruszkowski and Maria Wołuń-Cholewa
Materials 2016, 9(7), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9070532 - 29 Jun 2016
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5788
Abstract
We present here—designed, manufactured, and tested by our research team—the Ti-alloy prototype of the multispiked connecting scaffold (MSC-Scaffold) interfacing the components of resurfacing arthroplasty (RA) endoprostheses with bone. The spikes of the MSC-Scaffold prototype mimic the interdigitations of the articular subchondral bone, which [...] Read more.
We present here—designed, manufactured, and tested by our research team—the Ti-alloy prototype of the multispiked connecting scaffold (MSC-Scaffold) interfacing the components of resurfacing arthroplasty (RA) endoprostheses with bone. The spikes of the MSC-Scaffold prototype mimic the interdigitations of the articular subchondral bone, which is the natural biostructure interfacing the articular cartilage with the periarticular trabecular bone. To enhance the osteoinduction/osteointegration potential of the MSC-Scaffold, the attempts to modify its bone contacting surfaces by the process of electrochemical cathodic deposition of Ca-P was performed with further immersion of the MSC-Scaffold prototypes in SBF in order to transform the amorphous calcium-phosphate coating in hydroxyapatite-like (HA-like) coating. The pilot experimental study of biointegration of unmodified and Ca-P surface-modified MSC-Scaffold prototypes was conducted in an animal model (swine) and in osteoblast cell culture. On the basis of a microscope-histological method the biointegration was proven by the presence of trabeculae in the interspike spaces of the MSC-Scaffold prototype on longitudinal and cross-sections of bone-implant specimens. The percentage of trabeculae in the area between the spikes of specimen containing Ca-P surface modified scaffold prototype observed in microCT reconstructions of the explanted joints was visibly higher than in the case of unmodified MSC-Scaffold prototypes. Significantly higher Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity and the cellular proliferation in the case of Ca-P-modified MSC-Scaffold pre-prototypes, in comparison with unmodified pre-prototypes, was found in osteoblast cell cultures. The obtained results of experimental implantation in an animal model and osteoblast cell culture evaluations of Ca-P surface-modified and non-modified biomimetic MSC-Scaffold prototypes for biomimetic entirely-cementless RA endoprostheses indicate the enhancement of the osteoinduction/osteointegration potential by the Ca-P surface modification of the Ti-alloy MSC-Scaffold prototype. Planned further research on the prototype of this biomimetic MSC-Scaffold for a new generation of RA endoprostheses is also given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration)
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9466 KiB  
Article
Post Processing and Biological Evaluation of the Titanium Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
by Bartłomiej Wysocki, Joanna Idaszek, Karol Szlązak, Karolina Strzelczyk, Tomasz Brynk, Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski and Wojciech Święszkowski
Materials 2016, 9(3), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9030197 - 15 Mar 2016
Cited by 78 | Viewed by 10307
Abstract
Nowadays, post-surgical or post-accidental bone loss can be substituted by custom-made scaffolds fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) methods from metallic powders. However, the partially melted powder particles must be removed in a post-process chemical treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate [...] Read more.
Nowadays, post-surgical or post-accidental bone loss can be substituted by custom-made scaffolds fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) methods from metallic powders. However, the partially melted powder particles must be removed in a post-process chemical treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the chemical polishing with various acid baths on novel scaffolds’ morphology, porosity and mechanical properties. In the first stage, Magics software (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium) was used to design a porous scaffolds with pore size equal to (A) 200 µm, (B) 500 µm and (C) 200 + 500 µm, and diamond cell structure. The scaffolds were fabricated from commercially pure titanium powder (CP Ti) using a SLM50 3D printing machine (Realizer GmbH, Borchen, Germany). The selective laser melting (SLM) process was optimized and the laser beam energy density in range of 91–151 J/mm3 was applied to receive 3D structures with fully dense struts. To remove not fully melted titanium particles the scaffolds were chemically polished using various HF and HF-HNO3 acid solutions. Based on scaffolds mass loss and scanning electron (SEM) observations, baths which provided most uniform surface cleaning were proposed for each porosity. The pore and strut size after chemical treatments was calculated based on the micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) and SEM images. The mechanical tests showed that the treated scaffolds had Young’s modulus close to that of compact bone. Additionally, the effect of pore size of chemically polished scaffolds on cell retention, proliferation and differentiation was studied using human mesenchymal stem cells. Small pores yielded higher cell retention within the scaffolds, which then affected their growth. This shows that in vitro cell performance can be controlled to certain extent by varying pore sizes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration)
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