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Piezoelectric Materials and Devices

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2019) | Viewed by 33197

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Haim Abramovich

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Haifa, Israel
Interests: static and dynamic stability of thin walled structures; piezoelectric materials; laminated composite structures; dynamic buckling of thin walled structures; multifunctional materials; technologies and structures; smart structures technologies; structural mechanics and energy harvesting using piezoelectric and pyroelectric materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, entitled "Piezoelectric Materials and Devices", is motivated by the growing interest in developing novel and advanced piezoelectric materials and piezoelectric-based devices by various worldwide research groups and industries.

This would include energy harvesting using both piezoelectric and hybrid devices (especially for low but also for medium range frequencies), flexible and stretchable piezoelectric harvesters, sensors and actuators, inorganic, organic and composite piezoelectric materials, porous piezoelectric materials and their applications, MEMS-based piezoelectric energy harvesters, PZT nanotubes, nanorods , nanowires and nanofibers for MEMS devices, advances in piezoelectric polymers and piezocomposites, voided charged polymers including comparative studies on piezoelectric polymers and their relevant application as sensors and actuators, Lead free piezoelectric materials and their achieved properties in various devices, piezoelectric biosensors-principles and their applications, advances in piezoelectric motors,  wearable piezoelectric sensors and actuators, piezoelectric based flying wings/morphing structures and precision piezoelectric fuel injectors in propulsion systems for  micro aerial vehicles (MAVs), piezoelectric application in the medical sector (like high frequency image generation, ultrasonic transducers and implantable biomechanical energy piezoelectric harvesters), and any other advanced research and applications using the piezoelectric phenomenon.

Overall, this Special Issue is orientated to all the above-cited research topics and other related research on piezoelectric materials and piezoelectric-based advanced devices.

Considering your outstanding contribution in this interesting research field, I would like to cordially invite you to submit a paper to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Haim Abramovich
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • piezoelectric material
  • PZT
  • PVDF
  • harvester
  • porous piezoelectric material
  • organic
  • inorganic and composite type piezoelectric material
  • sensor
  • actuator
  • MEMS type harvester
  • piezoelectric polymer
  • voided charged piezoelectric polymer
  • Lead free piezoelectric material
  • piezoelectric biosensors
  • piezoelectric motors
  • wearable piezoelectric material
  • implantable biomechanical energy piezoelectric harvesters
  • ultrasonic transduces
  • morphing structures

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 3974 KiB  
Article
Orientation Dependence of Elastic and Piezoelectric Properties in Rhombohedral BiFeO3
by Gang Jian, Fei Xue, Yuhang Guo and Chao Yan
Materials 2018, 11(12), 2441; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122441 - 02 Dec 2018
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3251
Abstract
Through a coordinate transformation approach, crystal orientation dependences of elastic and piezoelectric properties at room temperature have been investigated in a three-dimensional space for rhombohedral bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3). Elastic constants (stiffnesses) c11′, c12′, c13′ and piezoelectric [...] Read more.
Through a coordinate transformation approach, crystal orientation dependences of elastic and piezoelectric properties at room temperature have been investigated in a three-dimensional space for rhombohedral bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3). Elastic constants (stiffnesses) c11′, c12′, c13′ and piezoelectric constants d15′, d31′, d33′ along arbitrary orientations were obtained based on crystalline asymmetry characteristics of 3m point group BiFeO3. Parameters along specific orientations obtaining the largest values were presented. The max c11′ = 213 × 109 N/m2 could be achieved in planes with ϕ = 0° and 90°. The max c12′ = c13′ = 132.2 × 109 N/m2 could be achieved along directions at θ = 13° and θ = 77° inside three mirror planes, respectively. The max d15′ = 27.6 × 10−12 C/N and the max d31′ = 12.67 × 10−12 C/N could be both obtained along directions at θ = 69° inside mirror planes. The max d33′ = 18 × 10−12 C/N could be obtained at θ = 0°, along the spontaneous polarization axis. By adopting optimal directions, the elastic and piezoelectric parameters of BiFeO3 could be significantly enhanced which shows applications for the growth of BeFeO3 films with preferred orientations and enhanced properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Materials and Devices)
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41 pages, 6763 KiB  
Article
Analysis and Experimental Validation of a Piezoelectric Harvester with Enhanced Frequency Bandwidth
by Haim Abramovich and Idan Har-nes
Materials 2018, 11(7), 1243; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11071243 - 19 Jul 2018
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4045
Abstract
The use of a single bimorph as a harmonic oscillator aimed at harvesting vibrational energy is not effective due to its inherent narrow frequency bandwidth stemming from the need to adjust the natural frequency of the harvester to the platform excitation frequencies. Therefore, [...] Read more.
The use of a single bimorph as a harmonic oscillator aimed at harvesting vibrational energy is not effective due to its inherent narrow frequency bandwidth stemming from the need to adjust the natural frequency of the harvester to the platform excitation frequencies. Therefore, the present research focuses on the development, manufacturing, and testing of an advanced system based on three bimorphs, capable of adjusting their natural frequencies using tip end masses, and interconnected by springs, thus enlarging the system’s bandwidth. An analytical model was developed for three bimorphs interconnected by two springs with three end masses. The model can predict the output generated voltage from each bimorph, and then the total output power is measured on a given outside resistor as a function of the material properties, the geometric dimensions of the vibrating beams, the end-masses, and the spring constants. The analytical model was then compared with data in the literature, yielding a good correlation. To further increase the reliability of the model, a test set-up was designed and manufactured that included three bimorphs with three end-masses connected by two springs. The system was excited using a shaker, and the output voltage was measured for each bimorph for various configurations. Then, the analytical model was tuned based on the test results by introducing two factors, the quality and the stiffness factors, and the predictions of the calibrated analytical model were compared with the experimental results, yielding a good correlation. The calibrated analytical model was then used to perform a comprehensive parametric investigation for two and three bimorphs systems, in which the influences of various parameters—like spring constant, mass value, thickness, and width and length of the bimorph and the substrate beam—on the output generated power were investigated. The main conclusion from this parametric investigation was that by correctly choosing the geometric sizes of the cantilevers, the adequate tip end masses, and the ratio between constants of the springs, the frequency bandwidth is expanded yielding a higher harvested power. Typical harvested power of the present designed system can reach up to 20 mW at the first natural frequency and up to 5 mW for the second natural frequency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Materials and Devices)
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20 pages, 1044 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Parameter Perturbation Solution for Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Cantilever Beams under Combined Loads
by Yongsheng Lian, Xiaoting He, Sijie Shi, Xue Li, Zhixin Yang and Junyi Sun
Materials 2018, 11(7), 1222; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11071222 - 16 Jul 2018
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2800
Abstract
In this study, we use a multi-parameter perturbation method to solve the problem of a functionally graded piezoelectric cantilever beam under combined loads, in which three piezoelectric coefficients are selected as the perturbation parameters. First, we derive the two basic equations concerning the [...] Read more.
In this study, we use a multi-parameter perturbation method to solve the problem of a functionally graded piezoelectric cantilever beam under combined loads, in which three piezoelectric coefficients are selected as the perturbation parameters. First, we derive the two basic equations concerning the Airy stress function and electric potential function. By expanding the unknown Airy stress function and electric potential function with respect to three perturbation parameters, the two basic equations were decoupled, thus obtaining the corresponding multi-parameter perturbation solution under boundary conditions. From the solution obtained, we can see clearly how the piezoelectric effects influence the behavior of the functionally graded piezoelectric cantilever beam. Based on a numerical example, the variations of the elastic stresses and displacements as well as the electric displacements of the cantilever beam under different gradient exponents were shown. The results indicate that if the pure functionally graded cantilever beam without a piezoelectric effect is regarded as an unperturbed system, the functionally graded piezoelectric cantilever beam can be looked upon as a perturbed system, thus opening the possibilities for perturbation solving. Besides, the proposed multi-parameter perturbation method provides a new idea for solving similar nonlinear differential equations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Materials and Devices)
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7 pages, 1807 KiB  
Article
Ceramic Piezoelectric Transformer in Vacuum for Acceleration of Electrons and Production of X-Rays
by Alexander V. Shchagin, Viktor S. Miroshnik, Vladimir I. Volkov, Aleksandr S. Kubankin and Oleg O. Ivashchuk
Materials 2018, 11(7), 1188; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11071188 - 11 Jul 2018
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3098
Abstract
Experiments on acceleration of electrons and production of X-ray radiation with use of ceramic piezoelectric transformers installed in vacuum are described and analyzed. The piezoelectric transformer operates at resonance frequency. Electrons are accelerated from the high-voltage electrode of the ceramic piezoelectric transformer toward [...] Read more.
Experiments on acceleration of electrons and production of X-ray radiation with use of ceramic piezoelectric transformers installed in vacuum are described and analyzed. The piezoelectric transformer operates at resonance frequency. Electrons are accelerated from the high-voltage electrode of the ceramic piezoelectric transformer toward the grounded target, where they emit bremsstrahlung and characteristic X-ray radiation in the target material. The returning of the charge to the high-voltage electrode is provided due to electrons emitted from a filament installed in the vicinity of the target. It was found that the X-ray yield increases linearly at increasing of the pressure of the residual gas in the chamber within two orders of magnitude up to about 10 mTorr, when the gas discharge around of the piezoelectric transformer arises. Possibilities for application of piezoelectric transformers for production of accelerating voltage in small-size accelerators are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Materials and Devices)
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11 pages, 3747 KiB  
Article
Acoustic Anomalies and Phase Transition Behaviors of Lead-Free Piezoelectric (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-xBaTiO3 Single Crystals as Revealed by Brillouin Light Scattering
by Byoung Wan Lee, Soo Han Oh, Jae-Hyeon Ko, Xiaobing Li and Haosu Luo
Materials 2018, 11(6), 1000; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11061000 - 12 Jun 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3119
Abstract
The elastic properties of unpoled and prepoled (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-xBaTiO3 (NBT-xBT) single crystals near the morphotropic phase boundary were investigated as a function of temperature using Brillouin light scattering. The acoustic mode frequency and [...] Read more.
The elastic properties of unpoled and prepoled (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-xBaTiO3 (NBT-xBT) single crystals near the morphotropic phase boundary were investigated as a function of temperature using Brillouin light scattering. The acoustic mode frequency and the related acoustic damping of unpoled NBT-xBT showed very broad minimum and maximum, respectively, consistent with typical relaxor behaviors. The frequency softening of the longitudinal acoustic mode together with the increase in acoustic damping was largest along the <100> direction, indicating that polarization fluctuations were most substantial along this crystallographic direction. The difference in acoustic behaviors between the unpoled NBT-xBTs with x = 0.05 and 0.08 were negligible, which means that the NBT-xBT system exhibits typical relaxor properties over a certain composition range of at least 5~8%. The obtained relaxation time of polar nanoregions in the paraelectric phase showed a gradual slowing-down character without any critical divergent behavior. The prepoling of NBT-xBT along the <100> direction induced drastic changes in both mode frequency and damping at ~110 °C when the poling field was larger than 1.4 kV/mm, corresponding to the depoling process from macroscopic/mesoscopic ferroelectric order to ergodic relaxor state upon heating. Phase coexistence of ferroelectric and relaxor states was observed at the intermediate poling field of 1.4 kV/mm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Materials and Devices)
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Review

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13 pages, 1989 KiB  
Review
Overview of Piezoelectric Biosensors, Immunosensors and DNA Sensors and Their Applications
by Miroslav Pohanka
Materials 2018, 11(3), 448; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11030448 - 19 Mar 2018
Cited by 230 | Viewed by 15182
Abstract
Piezoelectric biosensors are a group of analytical devices working on a principle of affinity interaction recording. A piezoelectric platform or piezoelectric crystal is a sensor part working on the principle of oscillations change due to a mass bound on the piezoelectric crystal surface. [...] Read more.
Piezoelectric biosensors are a group of analytical devices working on a principle of affinity interaction recording. A piezoelectric platform or piezoelectric crystal is a sensor part working on the principle of oscillations change due to a mass bound on the piezoelectric crystal surface. In this review, biosensors having their surface modified with an antibody or antigen, with a molecularly imprinted polymer, with genetic information like single stranded DNA, and biosensors with bound receptors of organic of biochemical origin, are presented and discussed. The mentioned recognition parts are frequently combined with use of nanoparticles and applications in this way are also introduced. An overview of the current literature is given and the methods presented are commented upon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Materials and Devices)
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