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Membranes
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Ionic Liquid and Polymerized Ionic Liquids as Membranes for Clean...
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Ionic Liquid and Polymerized Ionic Liquids as Membranes for Clean Energy Generation and Industrial Gas Separations

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2019) | Viewed by 31670

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jason Bara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0203, USA
Interests: ionic liquids; high-performance polymers; gas separations; CO2 capture; membranes; green chemistry; simulations and modeling; big data

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ionic liquids (ILs) and polymer forms of ILs have emerged as highly tuneable and versatile materials for the design of advanced gas separation membranes for CO2 capture and other important gas separations in energy generation. The use of ILs in gas separation membranes originally took the form of supported liquid membranes (SLMs), which had high permeability and good selectivity for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separation, but suffered an inability to withstand much of a pressure differential across the membrane. Poly(IL) materials and block copolymers were thus developed as a means of stabilizing ILs within a polymer matrix, resulting in greatly improved mechanical properties with some reduction in permeability while retaining good selectivity. ILs have also been used in combination with inorganic materials as mixed matrix membranes. There has been recent interest in combining ILs and high-performance polymers such as polyimides in order to overcome the limitations of early poly(IL) membranes.

This Special Issue of Membranes will focus on recent progress in the design of membranes based on ILs and poly(ILs) as well as other materials based on, or containing, ILs within their structure. Original research articles, communications and reviews are invited.

Prof. Dr. Jason E. Bara
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Ionic liquid
  • Poly(ionic liquid)
  • Ionene
  • Ionomer
  • Carbon capture
  • Natural gas treating
  • Hydrogen separation
  • Composites
  • Nanostructured materials
  • Membranes
  • Polymer
  • Mixed matrix
  • Inorganic
  • Organic
  • Hybrid materials

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1748 KiB  
Article
Role of Cation Structure in CO2 Separation by Ionic Liquid/Sulfonated Polyimide Composite Membrane
by Eri Hayashi, Kei Hashimoto, Morgan L. Thomas, Seiji Tsuzuki and Masayoshi Watanabe
Membranes 2019, 9(7), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9070081 - 04 Jul 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3424
Abstract
The development of suitable separation technologies for the separation of carbon dioxide is a pressing technological requirement. The application of ion gel membranes for this purpose continues to stimulate a great deal of research, and in this study we focus on the chemical [...] Read more.
The development of suitable separation technologies for the separation of carbon dioxide is a pressing technological requirement. The application of ion gel membranes for this purpose continues to stimulate a great deal of research, and in this study we focus on the chemical structure of the ionic liquid component in the ion gel, and its interactions with the sulfonated polyimide polymer. Whilst such membranes are known to give promising carbon dioxide separation properties together with mechanical strength and thin-film-processability, we further elaborate on how changing the cation of the ionic liquid from a typical imidazolium cation to a protic variant effects the physicochemical, thermal, and structural properties of the membranes, and how these changes further influence the carbon dioxide separation properties. We compare and contrast our findings with our earlier study on protic and aprotic ammonium-based ionic liquids, and highlight that for CO2 absorption behavior in the imidazolium systems, the importance of directionality of interactions (ion pairs exhibit a large energy stabilization only for a specific geometrical arrangement of cation and anion, e.g., hydrogen bonding rather than Coulombic interaction) between cation and anion applies not only to the protic system, but also to the nominally aprotic cation. Finally, we demonstrate that the phase separation behavior in the ion gels is an important factor in determining the carbon dioxide separation behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquid and Polymerized Ionic Liquids as Membranes for Clean Energy Generation and Industrial Gas Separations)
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17 pages, 2941 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Performance of 6FDA-Based Polyimide-Ionenes and Composites with Ionic Liquids as Gas Separation Membranes
by Kathryn E. O’Harra, Irshad Kammakakam, Emily M. Devriese, Danielle M. Noll, Jason E. Bara and Enrique M. Jackson
Membranes 2019, 9(7), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9070079 - 03 Jul 2019
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 5972
Abstract
Three new isomeric 6FDA-based polyimide-ionenes, with imidazolium moieties and varying regiochemistry (para-, meta-, and ortho- connectivity), and composites with three different ionic liquids (ILs) have been developed as gas separation membranes. The structural-property relationships and gas separation behaviors of the newly developed [...] Read more.
Three new isomeric 6FDA-based polyimide-ionenes, with imidazolium moieties and varying regiochemistry (para-, meta-, and ortho- connectivity), and composites with three different ionic liquids (ILs) have been developed as gas separation membranes. The structural-property relationships and gas separation behaviors of the newly developed 6FDA polyimide-ionene + IL composites have been extensively studied. All the 6FDA-based polyimide-ionenes exhibited good compatibility with the ILs and produced homogeneous hybrid membranes with the high thermal stability of ~380 °C. Particularly, [6FDA I4A pXy][Tf2N] ionene + IL hybrids having [C4mim][Tf2N] and [Bnmim][Tf2N] ILs offered mechanically stable matrixes with high CO2 affinity. The permeability of CO2 was increased by factors of 2 and 3 for C4mim and Bnmim hybrids (2.15 to 6.32 barrers), respectively, compared to the neat [6FDA I4A pXy][Tf2N] without sacrificing their permselectivity for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 gas pairs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquid and Polymerized Ionic Liquids as Membranes for Clean Energy Generation and Industrial Gas Separations)
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9 pages, 3799 KiB  
Article
Gas Permeation of Sulfur Thin-Films and Potential as a Barrier Material
by Xicheng Jia, Thomas D. Bennett and Matthew G. Cowan
Membranes 2019, 9(6), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9060072 - 14 Jun 2019
Viewed by 4096
Abstract
Elemental sulfur was formed into poly(ether sulfone)-supported thin-films (ca. 10 µm) via a melt-casting process. Observed permeabilities of C2H4, CO2, H2, He, and N2 through the sulphur thin-films were <1 barrer. The sulfur thin-films [...] Read more.
Elemental sulfur was formed into poly(ether sulfone)-supported thin-films (ca. 10 µm) via a melt-casting process. Observed permeabilities of C2H4, CO2, H2, He, and N2 through the sulphur thin-films were <1 barrer. The sulfur thin-films were observed to age over a period of ca. 15 days, related to the reversion of polymerized sulfur to the S8 allotrope. This structural conversion was observed to correlate with an increase in the permeability of all gases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquid and Polymerized Ionic Liquids as Membranes for Clean Energy Generation and Industrial Gas Separations)
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26 pages, 8637 KiB  
Article
Separation of Carbon Dioxide from Real Power Plant Flue Gases by Gas Permeation Using a Supported Ionic Liquid Membrane: An Investigation of Membrane Stability
by Patrik Klingberg, Kai Wilkner, Markus Schlüter, Judith Grünauer and Sergey Shishatskiy
Membranes 2019, 9(3), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9030035 - 04 Mar 2019
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5817
Abstract
The separation of carbon dioxide from coal-fired power plant flue gases using a CO2/N2-selective supported ionic liquid membrane (SILM) was investigated and the performance and stability of the membrane during operation are reported. The membrane is composed of a [...] Read more.
The separation of carbon dioxide from coal-fired power plant flue gases using a CO2/N2-selective supported ionic liquid membrane (SILM) was investigated and the performance and stability of the membrane during operation are reported. The membrane is composed of a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration membrane as a support and a selective layer of an ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM Tf2N). The feasibility of large-scale SILM production was demonstrated by the formation of a square-meter-scale membrane and preparation of a membrane module. A flat-sheet envelope-type SILM module containing 0.67 m2 of the membrane was assembled. Prior to real flue gas operation, the separation behaviour of the membrane was investigated with single gases. The stability of the SILM during the test stand and pilot plant operation using real power plant flue gases is reported. The volume fraction of carbon dioxide in the flue gas was raised from approx. 14 vol. % (feed) to 40 vol. % (permeate). However, issues concerning the membrane stability were found when SO3 aerosols in large quantities were present in the flue gas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquid and Polymerized Ionic Liquids as Membranes for Clean Energy Generation and Industrial Gas Separations)
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14 pages, 2585 KiB  
Article
Acidic Gases Separation from Gas Mixtures on the Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes Providing the Facilitated and Solution-Diffusion Transport Mechanisms
by Alsu I. Akhmetshina, Nail R. Yanbikov, Artem A. Atlaskin, Maxim M. Trubyanov, Amal Mechergui, Ksenia V. Otvagina, Evgeny N. Razov, Alla E. Mochalova and Ilya V. Vorotyntsev
Membranes 2019, 9(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9010009 - 05 Jan 2019
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 5313
Abstract
Nowadays, the imidazolium-based ionic liquids containing acetate counter-ions are attracting much attention as both highly selective absorbents of the acidic gases and CO2 carriers in the supported ionic liquid membranes. In this regard, the investigation of the gas transport properties of such [...] Read more.
Nowadays, the imidazolium-based ionic liquids containing acetate counter-ions are attracting much attention as both highly selective absorbents of the acidic gases and CO2 carriers in the supported ionic liquid membranes. In this regard, the investigation of the gas transport properties of such membranes may be appropriate for better understanding of various factors affecting the separation performance and the selection of the optimal operating conditions. In this work, we have tested CH4, CO2 and H2S permeability across the supported ionic liquid membranes impregnated by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (bmim[OAc]) with the following determination of the ideal selectivity in order to compare the facilitated transport membrane performance with the supported ionic liquid membrane (SILM) that provides solution-diffusion mechanism, namely, containing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (bmim[BF4]). Both SILMs have showed modest individual gases permeability and ideal selectivity of CO2/CH4 and H2S/CH4 separation that achieves values up to 15 and 32, respectively. The effect of the feed gas mixture composition on the permeability of acidic gases and permeselectivity of the gas pair was investigated. It turned out that the permeation behavior for the bmim[OAc]-based SILM toward the binary CO2/CH4, H2S/CH4 and ternary CO2/H2S/CH4 mixtures was featured with high acidic gases selectivity due to the relatively low methane penetration through the liquid phase saturated by acidic gases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquid and Polymerized Ionic Liquids as Membranes for Clean Energy Generation and Industrial Gas Separations)
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13 pages, 1768 KiB  
Article
Towards Biohydrogen Separation Using Poly(Ionic Liquid)/Ionic Liquid Composite Membranes
by Andreia S. L. Gouveia, Lucas Ventaja, Liliana C. Tomé and Isabel M. Marrucho
Membranes 2018, 8(4), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes8040124 - 02 Dec 2018
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 6311
Abstract
Considering the high potential of hydrogen (H2) as a clean energy carrier, the implementation of high performance and cost-effective biohydrogen (bioH2) purification techniques is of vital importance, particularly in fuel cell applications. As membrane technology is a potentially energy-saving [...] Read more.
Considering the high potential of hydrogen (H2) as a clean energy carrier, the implementation of high performance and cost-effective biohydrogen (bioH2) purification techniques is of vital importance, particularly in fuel cell applications. As membrane technology is a potentially energy-saving solution to obtain high-quality biohydrogen, the most promising poly(ionic liquid) (PIL)–ionic liquid (IL) composite membranes that had previously been studied by our group for CO2/N2 separation, containing pyrrolidinium-based PILs with fluorinated or cyano-functionalized anions, were chosen as the starting point to explore the potential of PIL–IL membranes for CO2/H2 separation. The CO2 and H2 permeation properties at the typical conditions of biohydrogen production (T = 308 K and 100 kPa of feed pressure) were measured and discussed. PIL–IL composites prepared with the [C(CN)3]− anion showed higher CO2/H2 selectivity than those containing the [NTf2]− anion. All the membranes revealed CO2/H2 separation performances above the upper bound for this specific separation, highlighting the composite incorporating 60 wt % of [C2mim][C(CN)3] IL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquid and Polymerized Ionic Liquids as Membranes for Clean Energy Generation and Industrial Gas Separations)
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