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Frontier in Green Chemistry Approaches II
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Frontier in Green Chemistry Approaches II

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Green Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2019) | Viewed by 30114

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kei Saito

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
Interests: green chemistry; green organic synthesis; polymer chemistry; biomass; photo-responsive polymers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 2nd edition of this Special Issue will highlight recent advances in green chemistry in general. To date, a wide variety of green chemistry approaches have been developed and used for organic reactions. We encourage submissions that explore novel green chemistry approaches that can impact society. Papers that focus on development of new green chemistry metrics are also encouraged.

We invite submissions of original research and review articles for this Special Issue of Molecules.

Dr. Kei Saito
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • green chemistry research
  • atom economical reactions
  • organic reactions in green solvents
  • multicomponent reactions
  • solid state reactions
  • reactions using renewable resources
  • photo-chemical reactions
  • sono chemistry
  • microwave assisted synthesis

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 2006 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Lignin-based Phenol Terminated Hyperbranched Polymer
by Lionel Longe, Gil Garnier and Kei Saito
Molecules 2019, 24(20), 3717; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203717 - 16 Oct 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3773
Abstract
In this work, we proved the efficient synthesis of a bio-based hyper-branched polyphenol from a modified lignin degradation fragment. Protocatechuic acid was readily obtained from vanillin, a lignin degradation product, via alkaline conditions, and further polymerised to yield high molecular weight hyperbranched phenol [...] Read more.
In this work, we proved the efficient synthesis of a bio-based hyper-branched polyphenol from a modified lignin degradation fragment. Protocatechuic acid was readily obtained from vanillin, a lignin degradation product, via alkaline conditions, and further polymerised to yield high molecular weight hyperbranched phenol terminated polyesters. Vanillic acid was also subjected to similar polymerisation conditions in order to compare polymerisation kinetics and differences between linear and hyperbranched polymers. Overall, protocatechuic acid was faster to polymerise and more thermostable with a degradation temperature well above linear vanillic acid polyester. Both polymers exhibited important radical scavenging activity (RSA) compared to commercial antioxidant and present tremendous potential for antioxidant applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontier in Green Chemistry Approaches II)
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14 pages, 1220 KiB  
Article
Optimizing Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Chinese Wild Rice
by Jia Zeng, Yuqing Dou, Ning Yan, Na Li, Huaibao Zhang and Jia-Neng Tan
Molecules 2019, 24(15), 2718; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152718 - 26 Jul 2019
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 4150
Abstract
In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used for the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of valuable bioactive compounds from Chinese wild rice (Zizania spp.). To this end, 7 different choline chloride (CC)-based DESs were tested as green extraction solvents. Choline chloride/1,4-butanediol (DES-2) [...] Read more.
In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used for the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of valuable bioactive compounds from Chinese wild rice (Zizania spp.). To this end, 7 different choline chloride (CC)-based DESs were tested as green extraction solvents. Choline chloride/1,4-butanediol (DES-2) exhibited the best extraction efficiency in terms of parameters such as the total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH● and ABTS●+). Subsequently, the UAE procedure using 76.6% DES-2 was also optimized: An extraction temperature of 51.2 °C and a solid–liquid ratio of 37.0 mg/mL were considered optimal by a Box–Behnken experiment. The optimized extraction procedure proved efficient for the extraction of 9 phenolic and 3 flavonoid compounds from Chinese wild rice as determined by quantification based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS). This work, thus, demonstrates the possibility of customizing green solvents that offer greater extraction capacity than that of organic solvents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontier in Green Chemistry Approaches II)
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21 pages, 1825 KiB  
Article
Development of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate-Containing Medium for Biosurfactant Production by Pseudomonas sp. LM19
by Abdul Hamid Nurfarahin, Mohd Shamzi Mohamed and Lai Yee Phang
Molecules 2019, 24(14), 2613; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142613 - 18 Jul 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2684
Abstract
High production costs of biosurfactants are mainly caused by the usage of the expensive substrate and long fermentation period which undermines their potential in bioremediation processes, food, and cosmetic industries even though they, owing to the biodegradability, lower toxicity, and raise specificity traits. [...] Read more.
High production costs of biosurfactants are mainly caused by the usage of the expensive substrate and long fermentation period which undermines their potential in bioremediation processes, food, and cosmetic industries even though they, owing to the biodegradability, lower toxicity, and raise specificity traits. One way to circumvent this is to improvise the formulation of biosurfactant-production medium by using cheaper substrate. A culture medium utilizing palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a palm oil refinery by-product, was first developed through one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) technique and further refined by means of the statistical design method of factorial and response surface modeling to enhance the biosurfactant production from Pseudomonas sp. LM19. The results shows that, the optimized culture medium containing: 1.148% (v/v) PFAD; 4.054 g/L KH2PO4; 1.30 g/L yeast extract; 0.023 g/L sodium-EDTA; 1.057 g/L MgSO4·7H2O; 0.75 g/L K2HPO4; 0.20 g/L CaCl2·2H2O; 0.080 g/L FeCl3·6H2O gave the maximum biosurfactant productivity. This study demonstrated that the cell concentration and biosurfactant productivity could reach up to 8.5 × 109 CFU/mL and 0.346 g/L/day, respectively after seven days of growth, which were comparable to the values predicted by an RSM regression model, i.e., 8.4 × 109 CFU/mL and 0.347 g/L/day, respectively. Eleven rhamnolipid congeners were detected, in which dirhamnolipid accounted for 58% and monorhamnolipid was 42%. All in all, manipulation of palm oil by-products proved to be a feasible substrate for increasing the biosurfactant production about 3.55-fold as shown in this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontier in Green Chemistry Approaches II)
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9 pages, 6233 KiB  
Communication
Titania-Catalyzed H2O2 Thermal Oxidation of Styrenes to Aldehydes
by Satoru Ito, Yoshihiro Kon, Takuya Nakashima, Dachao Hong, Hideo Konno, Daisuke Ino and Kazuhiko Sato
Molecules 2019, 24(14), 2520; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142520 - 10 Jul 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2461
Abstract
We investigated the selective oxidation of styrenes to benzaldehydes by using a non-irradiated TiO2–H2O2 catalytic system. The oxidation promotes multi-step reactions from styrenes, including the cleavage of a C=C double bond and the addition of an oxygen atom [...] Read more.
We investigated the selective oxidation of styrenes to benzaldehydes by using a non-irradiated TiO2–H2O2 catalytic system. The oxidation promotes multi-step reactions from styrenes, including the cleavage of a C=C double bond and the addition of an oxygen atom selectively and stepwise to provide the corresponding benzaldehydes in good yields (up to 72%). These reaction processes were spectroscopically shown by fluorescent measurements under the presence of competitive scavengers. The absence of the signal from OH radicals indicates the participation of other oxidants such as hydroperoxy radicals (•OOH) and superoxide radicals (•O2−) into the selective oxidation from styrene to benzaldehyde. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontier in Green Chemistry Approaches II)
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11 pages, 763 KiB  
Article
Base-Promoted SNAr Reactions of Fluoro- and Chloroarenes as a Route to N-Aryl Indoles and Carbazoles
by Muhammad Asif Iqbal, Hina Mehmood, Jiaying Lv and Ruimao Hua
Molecules 2019, 24(6), 1145; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061145 - 22 Mar 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 6686
Abstract
KOH/DMSO-promoted C-N bond formation via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) between chloroarenes or fluoroarenes with indoles and carbazole under transition metal-free conditions affording the corresponding N-arylated indoles and carbazoles has been developed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontier in Green Chemistry Approaches II)
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14 pages, 3257 KiB  
Article
Iron(III)-Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Halogenation of 8-Amidoquinolines in Water
by Yang Long, Lei Pan and Xiangge Zhou
Molecules 2019, 24(3), 535; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030535 - 01 Feb 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3662
Abstract
A simple protocol of iron(III)-catalyzed halogenation of 8-amidoquinolines in water under mild conditions was developed, affording the 5-halogenlated products in good to excellent yields up to 98%. The reaction mechanism most likely involves a single-electron transfer (SET) process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontier in Green Chemistry Approaches II)
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13 pages, 3003 KiB  
Article
Visible-Light Driven TiO2 Photocatalyst Coated with Graphene Quantum Dots of Tunable Nitrogen Doping
by Xiong Sun, Hui-Jun Li, Nanquan Ou, Bowen Lyu, Bojie Gui, Shiwei Tian, Dongjin Qian, Xianying Wang and Junhe Yang
Molecules 2019, 24(2), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020344 - 18 Jan 2019
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 6227
Abstract
Nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) were successfully prepared via a hydrothermal method using citric acid and urea as the carbon and nitrogen precursors, respectively. Due to different post-treatment processes, the obtained NGQDs with different surface modifications exhibited blue light emission, while their [...] Read more.
Nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) were successfully prepared via a hydrothermal method using citric acid and urea as the carbon and nitrogen precursors, respectively. Due to different post-treatment processes, the obtained NGQDs with different surface modifications exhibited blue light emission, while their visible-light absorption was obviously different. To further understand the roles of nitrogen dopants and N-containing surface groups of NGQDs in the photocatalytic performance, their corresponding composites with TiO2 were utilized to degrade RhB solutions under visible-light irradiation. A series of characterization and photocatalytic performance tests were carried out, which demonstrated that NGQDs play a significant role in enhancing visible-light driven photocatalytic activity and the carrier separation process. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the NGQDs/TiO2 composites can possibly be attributed to an enhanced visible light absorption ability, and an improved separation and transfer rate of photogenerated carriers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontier in Green Chemistry Approaches II)
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