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Ferromagnetic and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures

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A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 December 2018) | Viewed by 47502

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Kartik C. Ghosh

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Guest Editor

Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
Interests: nanomaterials; nanomedicine; 2D materials; magnetic properties; electronic devices; spintronics; superconductivity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Magnetic nanoparticles, having both magnetic and chemical components that can be manipulated using magnetic fields, have recently been a focus of research. Due to their unique properties, magnetic nanoparticles have a wide range of applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging, biomedicine, data storage, nanofluids, catalysis, target specific targeting, optical filters, cation sensors, magnetically tunable electronics, waste water management, etc. The properties of magnetic nanoparticles, such as oxides and metallics (with and without shell), depend on the synthesis methods used and the crystal structure of the nanoparticles. Physical modeling is also being used to study the properties of magnetic nanoparticles, based on their rotation dynamics. This Special Issue of Nanomaterials, “Ferromagnetic and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures” aims at receiving articles explaining developments in the properties of magnetic nanomaterials with different applications. This Special Issue focuses on the synthesis and properties of various magnetic nanoparticles, as well as physical modeling, in the form of articles, reviews, letters, communications and academic articles.

Prof. Kartik Ghosh
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Magnetic nanoparticles
Core shell nanoparticles
Colloidal magnetic particles
Ferromagnetic semiconductors
Catalysis
Data storage
Magnetically tunable photonics
Magnetoresistance

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

12 pages, 4252 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Size-Dependent Critical Temperature and Anomalous Optical Dispersion in Ferromagnetic CrI₃ Nanotubes

by Mohammed Moaied and Jisang Hong

Nanomaterials 2019, 9(2), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9020153 - 26 Jan 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3324

Abstract

Using first principles calculations, we explored the magnetic and optical properties of chromium(III) iodide (CrI₃) nanotubes (NTs) by changing their chirality and diameter. Here, we considered six types of NTs: (5,0), (5,5), (7,0), (10,0), (10,10), and (12,0) NTs. We found that both zigzag and armchair NTs had a ferromagnetic ground with a direct band gap, although the band gap was dependent on the chirality and diameter. Using the Monte Carlo simulation, we found that the Curie temperatures (T_c) exhibited chirality and diameter dependence. In zigzag NTs, the larger the tube diameter, the larger the T_c, while it decreased with increasing diameter in the armchair tube. We found that the T_c was almost doubled when the diameter increased two-fold. This finding may guide development of room temperature ferromagnetism in zigzag NTs. We also found that the CrI₃ NTs displayed anisotropic optical properties and anomalous optical dispersion in the visible range. Specifically, the (10,0) zigzag NT had a large refractive index of 2 near the infrared region, while it became about 1.4 near blue light wavelengths. We also obtained large reflectivity in the ultraviolet region, which can be utilized for UV protection. Overall, we propose that the CrI₃ NTs have multifunctional physical properties for spintronics and optical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferromagnetic and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures)

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14 pages, 501 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Engineering Planar Transverse Domain Walls in Biaxial Magnetic Nanostrips by Tailoring Transverse Magnetic Fields with Uniform Orientation

by Mingna Yu, Mei Li and Jie Lu

Nanomaterials 2019, 9(1), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9010128 - 20 Jan 2019

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3143

Abstract

Designing and realizing various magnetization textures in magnetic nanostructures are essential for developing novel magnetic nanodevices in the modern information industry. Among all these textures, planar transverse domain walls (pTDWs) are the simplest and the most basic, which make them popular in device physics. In this work, we report the engineering of pTDWs with arbitrary tilting attitude in biaxial magnetic nanostrips by transverse magnetic field profiles with uniform orientation but tuneable strength distribution. Both statics and axial-field-driven dynamics of these pTDWs are analytically investigated. It turns out that, for statics, these pTDWs are robust against disturbances which are not too abrupt, while for dynamics, it can be tailored to acquire higher velocity than Walker’s ansatz predicts. These results should provide inspiration for designing magnetic nanodevices with novel one-dimensional magnetization textures, such as 360

^{°}

walls, or even two-dimensional ones, such as vortices and skyrmions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferromagnetic and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures)

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19 pages, 2758 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanochemically Synthesised Coal-Based Magnetic Carbon Composites for Removing As(V) and Cd(II) from Aqueous Solutions

by Anton Zubrik, Marek Matik, Michal Lovás, Zuzana Danková, Mária Kaňuchová, Slavomír Hredzák, Jaroslav Briančin and Vladimír Šepelák

Nanomaterials 2019, 9(1), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9010100 - 16 Jan 2019

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4029

Abstract

The continued decrease in water quality requires new advances in the treatment of wastewater, including the preparation of novel, effective, environmentally friendly, and affordable sorbents of toxic pollutants. We introduce a simple non-conventional mechanochemical synthesis of magnetically responsive materials. Magnetic lignite and magnetic char were prepared by high-energy ball co-milling from either raw Slovak lignite or coal-based char together with a ferrofluid. The products were characterised by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), volumetric magnetic susceptibility, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and both magnetic carbons were comparatively tested as potential sorbents of As(V) oxyanions and Cd(II) cations in aqueous solutions. The magnetic char was an excellent sorbent of As(V) oxyanions (Q_m = 19.9 mg/g at pH 3.9), whereas the magnetic lignite was less effective. The different sorption properties towards arsenic anions may have been due to different oxidation states of iron on the surfaces of the two magnetic composites (determined by XPS), although the overall state of iron monitored by Mössbauer spectroscopy was similar for both samples. Both magnetic composites were effective sorbents for removing Cd(II) cations (Q_m (magnetic lignite) = 70.4 mg/g at pH 6.5; Q_m (magnetic char) = 58.8 mg/g at pH 6.8). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferromagnetic and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures)

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12 pages, 8893 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Magnetic Nanofiber Mats for Data Storage and Transfer

by Christoph Döpke, Timo Grothe, Pawel Steblinski, Michaela Klöcker, Lilia Sabantina, Dorota Kosmalska, Tomasz Blachowicz and Andrea Ehrmann

Nanomaterials 2019, 9(1), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9010092 - 12 Jan 2019

Cited by 43 | Viewed by 5177

Abstract

Electrospun nanofiber mats may serve as new hardware for neuromorphic computing. To enable data storage and transfer in them, they should be magnetic, possibly electrically conductive and able to respond to further external impulses. Here we report on creating magnetic nanofiber mats, consisting of magnetically doped polymer nanofibers for data transfer and polymer beads containing larger amounts of magnetic nanoparticles for storage purposes. Using magnetite and iron nickel oxide nanoparticles, a broad range of doping ratios could be electrospun with a needleless technique, resulting in magnetic nanofiber mats with varying morphologies and different amounts of magnetically doped beads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferromagnetic and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures)

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11 pages, 8159 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dual Size-Dependent Effect of Fe₃O₄ Magnetic Nanoparticles Upon Interaction with Lysozyme Amyloid Fibrils: Disintegration and Adsorption

by Natália Tomašovičová, Po-Sheng Hu, Cyun-Lun Zeng, Jozefína Majorošová, Katarína Zakutanská and Peter Kopčanský

Nanomaterials 2019, 9(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9010037 - 28 Dec 2018

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3595

Abstract

Nanomedicine compounds containing nanoparticles, such as iron oxides and gold, have been demonstrated to be effective in promoting different magnitudes of interaction with amyloid

β

fibrils, of which disintegrating or inhibiting effects are of great importance to treating fibrillary aggregation-induced neurological disorders such [...] Read more.

Nanomedicine compounds containing nanoparticles, such as iron oxides and gold, have been demonstrated to be effective in promoting different magnitudes of interaction with amyloid

β

fibrils, of which disintegrating or inhibiting effects are of great importance to treating fibrillary aggregation-induced neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. This research herein studies the interaction between lysozyme amyloid fibrils, a type of fibers derived from hen egg white lysozyme, and Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of an assorted diameter sizes of 5 nm, 10 nm and 20 nm, using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Specifically, the effects of the sizes of negatively charged MNPs on the resultant amyloid fibrillary mixture was investigated. Our results of AFM images indicated that the interaction between MNPs and the fibrils commences immediately after adding MNPs to the fibril solution, and the actions of such MNPs-doped fibrillary interplay, either integration or segmentation, is strongly dependent on the size and volume concentration of MNPs. In the cases of 5 nm and 20 nm particles of equivalent volume concentration, the adsorption and agglomeration of MNPs onto the fibrillary surfaces was observed, whereas, interestingly, MNPs with diameter size of 10 nm enables segmentation of the slender fibrils into debris when a proper implemented volume concentration was found, which signifies utter destruction of the amyloid fibrillary structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferromagnetic and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures)

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8 pages, 2599 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetic Binary Supersaturated Solid Solutions Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation

by Martin Stückler, Heinz Krenn, Reinhard Pippan, Lukas Weissitsch, Stefan Wurster and Andrea Bachmaier

Nanomaterials 2019, 9(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9010006 - 21 Dec 2018

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3171

Abstract

Samples consisting of one ferromagnetic and one diamagnetic component which are immiscible at the thermodynamic equilibrium (Co-Cu, Fe-Cu, Fe-Ag) are processed by high-pressure torsion at various compositions. The received microstructures are investigated by electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, showing a microstructural saturation. Results gained from microstructural investigations are correlated to magnetometry data. The Co-Cu samples show mainly ferromagnetic behavior and a decrease in coercivity with increasing Co-content. The saturation microstructure of Fe-Cu samples is found to be dual phase. Results of magnetic measurements also revealed the occurrence of two different magnetic phases in this system. For Fe-Ag, the microstructural and magnetic results indicate that no intermixing between the elemental phases takes place. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferromagnetic and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures)

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13 pages, 6953 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial and Temperature Resolutions of Magnetic Nanoparticle Temperature Imaging with a Scanning Magnetic Particle Spectrometer

by Jing Zhong, Meinhard Schilling and Frank Ludwig

Nanomaterials 2018, 8(11), 866; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8110866 - 23 Oct 2018

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2957

Abstract

This paper quantitatively investigates the spatial and temperature resolutions of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) temperature imaging with a multiline phantom filled with MNPs. The multiline phantom in total consists of seven lines with different distances between two adjacent lines. A scanning magnetic particle spectrometer is used to measure the spatial distributions of the MNP harmonics for MNP concentration and temperature imaging, whereas an iterative deconvolution method is used to improve the spatial resolution. A modulation transfer function calculated from the MNP concentration image is used to quantitatively present the spatial resolution, whereas the standard deviation of the measured temperatures is used to quantitatively present the temperature resolution. The spatial resolution is about 4 mm while the temperature resolution is about 1.0 K without deconvolution. With increasing the number of the iterative loops in the deconvolution, the spatial resolution is improved to 2 mm while the temperature resolution is worsened to about 9.6 K due to deconvolution-based oscillation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferromagnetic and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures)

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Graphical abstract

8 pages, 1985 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tailoring Perpendicular Exchange Bias Coupling in Au/Co/NiO Systems by Ion Bombardment

by Piotr Kuświk, Alexander Gaul, Maciej Urbaniak, Marek Schmidt, Jacek Aleksiejew, Arno Ehresmann and Feliks Stobiecki

Nanomaterials 2018, 8(10), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8100813 - 10 Oct 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3381

Abstract

Here, we systematically investigated the influence of ion bombardment with different fluences on the strength and direction of the exchange bias coupling in Au/Co/NiO systems with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the Co layer. We found that the direction of the exchange bias coupling can be reversed as a result of ion bombardment performed in an external magnetic field which is in the opposite direction to the magnetic field applied during film deposition. Moreover, the strength of the exchange bias coupling can be tailored by varying the ion fluence. These results show behaviors similar to the results found for systems of ferromagnetic layers with in-plane anisotropy. Our experimental work, supported by a two-energy-level model, demonstrates that exchange bias coupling can be tuned in a layered system with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy using ion bombardment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferromagnetic and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures)

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Graphical abstract

10 pages, 11071 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Short-Range Correlated Magnetic Core-Shell CrO₂/Cr₂O₃ Nanorods: Experimental Observations and Theoretical Considerations

by Ashish C. Gandhi, Tai-Yue Li, Ting Shan Chan and Sheng Yun Wu

Nanomaterials 2018, 8(5), 312; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8050312 - 09 May 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5015

Abstract

With the evolution of synthesis and the critical characterization of core-shell nanostructures, short-range magnetic correlation is of prime interest in employing their properties to develop novel devices and widespread applications. In this regard, a novel approach of the magnetic core-shell saturated magnetization (CSSM) cylinder model solely based on the contribution of saturated magnetization in one-dimensional CrO₂/Cr₂O₃ core-shell nanorods (NRs) has been developed and applied for the determination of core-diameter and shell-thickness. The nanosized effect leads to a short-range magnetic correlation of ferromagnetic core-CrO₂ extracted from CSSM, which can be explained using finite size scaling method. The outcome of this study is important in terms of utilizing magnetic properties for the critical characterization of core-shell nanomagnetic materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferromagnetic and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures)

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Graphical abstract

10 pages, 25782 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Ni-Doped Zinc-Blende ZnO: A First-Principles Study

by Suqin Xue, Fuchun Zhang, Shuili Zhang, Xiaoyang Wang and Tingting Shao

Nanomaterials 2018, 8(5), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8050281 - 26 Apr 2018

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4353

Abstract

The electronic structure, band structure, density of state, and magnetic properties of Ni-doped zinc-blende (ZB) ZnO are studied by using the first-principles method based on the spin-polarized density-functional theory. The calculated results show that Ni atoms can induce a stable ferromagnetic (FM) ground state in Ni-doped ZB ZnO. The magnetic moments mainly originate from the unpaired Ni 3d orbitals, and the O 2p orbitals contribute a little to the magnetic moments. The magnetic moment of a supercell including a single Ni atom is 0.79 μ_B. The electronic structure shows that Ni-doped ZB ZnO is a half-metallic FM material. The strong spin-orbit coupling appears near the Fermi level and shows obvious asymmetry for spin-up and spin-down density of state, which indicates a significant hybrid effects from the Ni 3d and O 2p states. However, the coupling of the anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) state show metallic characteristic, the spin-up and spin-down energy levels pass through the Fermi surface. The magnetic moment of a single Ni atom is 0.74 μ_B. Moreover, the results show that the Ni 3d and O 2p states have a strong p-d hybridization effect near the Fermi level and obtain a high stability. The above theoretical results demonstrate that Ni-doped zinc blende ZnO can be considered as a potential half-metal FM material and dilute magnetic semiconductors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferromagnetic and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures)

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Review

Jump to: Research

39 pages, 5769 KiB

Open AccessReview

Magnetic-Plasmonic Heterodimer Nanoparticles: Designing Contemporarily Features for Emerging Biomedical Diagnosis and Treatments

by S. Fatemeh Shams, Mohammad Reza Ghazanfari and Carolin Schmitz-Antoniak

Nanomaterials 2019, 9(1), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9010097 - 13 Jan 2019

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 7956

Abstract

Magnetic-plasmonic heterodimer nanostructures synergistically present excellent magnetic and plasmonic characteristics in a unique platform as a multipurpose medium for recently invented biomedical applications, such as magnetic hyperthermia, photothermal therapy, drug delivery, bioimaging, and biosensing. In this review, we briefly outline the less-known aspects of heterodimers, including electronic composition, interfacial morphology, critical properties, and present concrete examples of recent progress in synthesis and applications. With a focus on emerging features and performance of heterodimers in biomedical applications, this review provides a comprehensive perspective of novel achievements and suggests a fruitful framework for future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferromagnetic and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructures)

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