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Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 May 2018) | Viewed by 68524

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Stan Kubow

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Guest Editor

School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
Interests: oxidative stress and antioxidants; nutrition; polyphenols; nutrient and phytochemical digestibility and absorption
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Larry C. Lands

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
Interests: lung disease; functional ability; immune modulation; nutrition; vitamin D

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lung disease is the fourth leading cause of death. Lung health is directly impacted by our environment, which includes our diet. We have evolved to live in an oxygen-rich, and now pollutant-ladened, environment. This challenges our anti-oxidant defenses, which rely on exogenous dietary sources and enzymatic pathways. Nutrition impacts lung growth and development and has the potential to prevent and aid in the treatment of lung disease. This symposium will address several areas of active research, and highlight our current state of knowledge and ongoing controversies. The following areas will be addressed:

the impact of pre- and post-natal nutrition on lung growth
the role of breastfeeding, and confounding factors, in the prevention of asthma
nutritional requirements in the lung transplant recipient
antioxidants in oxidant-induced lung disease
the impact of the microbiome in lung health

Prof. Stan Kubow
Prof. Larry C. Lands
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Lung
Nutrition
Antioxidants
Breastfeeding
post-lung transplantation
inflammation
probiotics

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4622 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pharmacological Investigation of the Anti-Inflammation and Anti-Oxidation Activities of Diallyl Disulfide in a Rat Emphysema Model Induced by Cigarette Smoke Extract

by Yan Liu, Ang Li, Xiuli Feng, Xiao Sun, Xiaosong Zhu and Zhongxi Zhao

Nutrients 2018, 10(1), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010079 - 12 Jan 2018

Cited by 43 | Viewed by 4837

Abstract

Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is the main organosulfur ingredient in garlic, with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of DADS on reducing the inflammation and redox imbalance in a rat emphysema model that was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Briefly, DADS exerted an anti-inflammation effect on emphysema rats through decreasing cell influx in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and suppressing pro-inflammation cytokine production including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. In addition, levels of oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were reduced, while the activities of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were markedly enhanced by DADS. Moreover, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression were down-regulated by DADS. Furthermore, the regulation effects of DADS on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells were observed. In conclusion, these encouraging findings suggest that DADS could be considered as a promising anti-inflammation and antioxidative agent for the treatment of emphysema. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease)

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Review

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29 pages, 1178 KiB

Open AccessReview

Vitamin A Deficiency and the Lung

by Joaquín Timoneda, Lucía Rodríguez-Fernández, Rosa Zaragozá, M. Pilar Marín, M. Teresa Cabezuelo, Luis Torres, Juan R. Viña and Teresa Barber

Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1132; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091132 - 21 Aug 2018

Cited by 115 | Viewed by 14260

Abstract

Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) is a fat-soluble micronutrient which together with its natural derivatives and synthetic analogues constitutes the group of retinoids. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes such as embryonic development, vision, immunity and cellular differentiation and proliferation. Retinoic acid (RA) is the main active form of vitamin A and multiple genes respond to RA signalling through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a remarkable public health problem. An adequate vitamin A intake is required in early lung development, alveolar formation, tissue maintenance and regeneration. In fact, chronic VAD has been associated with histopathological changes in the pulmonary epithelial lining that disrupt the normal lung physiology predisposing to severe tissue dysfunction and respiratory diseases. In addition, there are important alterations of the structure and composition of extracellular matrix with thickening of the alveolar basement membrane and ectopic deposition of collagen I. In this review, we show our recent findings on the modification of cell-junction proteins in VAD lungs, summarize up-to-date information related to the effects of chronic VAD in the impairment of lung physiology and pulmonary disease which represent a major global health problem and provide an overview of possible pathways involved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease)

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15 pages, 708 KiB

Open AccessReview

Breastfeeding and the Developmental Origins of Asthma: Current Evidence, Possible Mechanisms, and Future Research Priorities

by Kozeta Miliku and Meghan B. Azad

Nutrients 2018, 10(8), 995; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10080995 - 30 Jul 2018

Cited by 57 | Viewed by 10798

Abstract

Breastfeeding has many established health benefits, but its impact on asthma development is uncertain. Breastfeeding appears to have a positive and dose-dependent impact on respiratory health, particularly during early childhood and in high-risk populations; however, the strength and causality of these associations are unclear. It is challenging to compare results across studies due to methodological differences and biological variation. Resolving these inconsistencies will require well-designed, prospective studies that accurately capture asthma diagnoses and infant feeding exposures (including breastfeeding duration, exclusivity, and method of feeding), account for key confounders, evaluate dose effects, and consider effect modification and reverse causality. Mechanistic studies examining human milk bioactives and their impact on lung health and asthma development are beginning to emerge, and these will be important in establishing the causality and mechanistic basis of the observed associations between breastfeeding and asthma. In this review, we summarize current evidence on this topic, identify possible reasons for disagreement across studies, discuss potential mechanisms for a causal association, and provide recommendations for future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease)

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16 pages, 302 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nutrition and Lung Growth

by Michele Arigliani, Alessandro Mauro Spinelli, Ilaria Liguoro and Paola Cogo

Nutrients 2018, 10(7), 919; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10070919 - 18 Jul 2018

Cited by 60 | Viewed by 7405

Abstract

Experimental evidence from animal models and epidemiology studies has demonstrated that nutrition affects lung development and may have a lifelong impact on respiratory health. Chronic restriction of nutrients and/or oxygen during pregnancy causes structural changes in the airways and parenchyma that may result in abnormal lung function, which is tracked throughout life. Inadequate nutritional management in very premature infants hampers lung growth and may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Recent evidence seems to indicate that infant and childhood malnutrition does not determine lung function impairment even in the presence of reduced lung size due to delayed body growth. This review will focus on the effects of malnutrition occurring at critical time periods such as pregnancy, early life, and childhood, on lung growth and long-term lung function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease)

18 pages, 1418 KiB

Open AccessReview

Potential Micronutrients and Phytochemicals against the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer

by Ting Zhai, Shizhen Li, Wei Hu, Duo Li and Shuguang Leng

Nutrients 2018, 10(7), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10070813 - 25 Jun 2018

Cited by 64 | Viewed by 13530

Abstract

Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have shared etiology, including key etiological changes (e.g., DNA damage and epigenetics change) and lung function impairment. Focusing on those shared targets may help in the prevention of both. Certain micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and phytochemicals (carotenoids and phenols) have potent antioxidant or methyl-donating properties and thus have received considerable interest. We reviewed recent papers probing into the potential of nutrients with respect to lung function preservation and prevention of lung cancer risk, and suggest several hypothetical intervention patterns. Intakes of vitamins (i.e., A, C, D, E, B₁₂), carotenoids, flavonoids, curcumins, resveratrol, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids all show protective effects against lung function loss, some mainly by improving average lung function and others through reducing decline rate. Dietary interventions early in life may help lung function reserve over the lifespan. Protective nutrient interventions among smokers are likely to mitigate the effects of cigarettes on lung health. We also discuss their underlying mechanisms and some possible causes for the inconsistent results in observational studies and supplementation trials. The role of the lung microbiome on lung health and its potential utility in identifying protective nutrients are discussed as well. More prospective cohorts and well-designed clinical trials are needed to promote the transition of individualized nutrient interventions into health policy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease)

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21 pages, 368 KiB

Open AccessReview

Nutritional Requirements of Lung Transplant Recipients: Challenges and Considerations

by Valerie Jomphe, Larry C. Lands and Genevieve Mailhot

Nutrients 2018, 10(6), 790; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060790 - 19 Jun 2018

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 7441

Abstract

An optimal nutritional status is associated with better post-transplant outcomes and survival. Post-lung transplant nutrition management is however particularly challenging as lung recipients represent a very heterogeneous group of patients in terms of age, underlying diseases, weight status and presence of comorbidities. Furthermore, the post-transplant period encompasses several stages characterized by physiological and pathophysiological changes that affect nutritional status of patients and necessitate tailored nutrition management. We provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding nutritional requirements in the post-lung transplant period from the immediate post-operative phase to long-term follow-up. In the immediate post-transplantation phase, the high doses of immunosuppressants and corticosteroids, the goal of maintaining hemodynamic stability, the presence of a catabolic state, and the wound healing process increase nutritional demands and lead to metabolic perturbations that necessitate nutritional interventions. As time from transplantation increases, complications such as obesity, osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes, and kidney disease, may develop and require adjustments to nutrition management. Until specific nutritional guidelines for lung recipients are elaborated, recommendations regarding nutrient requirements are formulated to provide guidance for clinicians caring for these patients. Finally, the management of recipients with special considerations is also briefly addressed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease)

16 pages, 3359 KiB

Open AccessReview

Donor Human Milk Protects against Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Eduardo Villamor-Martínez, Maria Pierro, Giacomo Cavallaro, Fabio Mosca, Boris W. Kramer and Eduardo Villamor

Nutrients 2018, 10(2), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020238 - 20 Feb 2018

Cited by 99 | Viewed by 9251

Abstract

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication after preterm birth. Pasteurized donor human milk (DHM) has increasingly become the standard of care for very preterm infants over the use of preterm formula (PF) if the mother’s own milk (MOM) is unavailable. Studies have reported beneficial effects of DHM on BPD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies on the effects of DHM on BPD and other respiratory outcomes. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of RCTs could not demonstrate that supplementation of MOM with DHM reduced BPD when compared to PF (three studies, risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–1.32). However, meta-analysis of observational studies showed that DHM supplementation reduced BPD (8 studies, RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67–0.90). An exclusive human milk diet reduced the risk of BPD, compared to a diet with PF and/or bovine milk-based fortifier (three studies, RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68–0.95). Feeding raw MOM, compared to feeding pasteurized MOM, protected against BPD (two studies, RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62–0.96). In conclusion, our data suggest that DHM protects against BPD in very preterm infants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease)

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