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Plants
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Plant Phloem Development
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Plant Phloem Development

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2018) | Viewed by 32824

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Elisabeth Truernit

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Molecular Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Interests: Phloem development; Plant anatomy; Plant growth; Solute allocation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In plants, the phloem is the tissue that transports sugars and signalling molecules over long distances. Phloem cells are highly specialized cells and, therefore, they undergo a unique differentiation programme. Until quite recently, very little was known about the factors that control phloem development. However, owing to the availability of more sophisticated microscopic techniques and to more refined experimental approaches, this is now changing quite rapidly.

This Special Issue of Plants will contribute to our knowledge of the recent discoveries in the field of plant phloem development. It will cover the following aspects:

  • Methods for studying phloem development
  • Determinants of phloem development
  • Phloem cell differentiation
  • Phloem anatomy
  • Phloem development in different species
  • Phloem development in response to environmental stimuli
Dr. Elisabeth Truernit
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Phloem Development
  • Sugar Transport
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Phloem Anatomy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 5740 KiB  
Article
Arabidopsis Natural Accessions Display Adaptations in Inflorescence Growth and Vascular Anatomy to Withstand High Salinity during Reproductive Growth
by Sahar Sellami, Rozenn Le Hir, Michael R. Thorpe, Emilie Aubry, Nelly Wolff, Françoise Vilaine, Faiçal Brini and Sylvie Dinant
Plants 2019, 8(3), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8030061 - 11 Mar 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3585
Abstract
Plant responses to abiotic stresses entail adaptive processes that integrate both physiological and developmental cues. However, the adaptive traits that are involved in the responses to a high soil salinity during reproductive growth are still poorly studied. To identify new clues, we studied [...] Read more.
Plant responses to abiotic stresses entail adaptive processes that integrate both physiological and developmental cues. However, the adaptive traits that are involved in the responses to a high soil salinity during reproductive growth are still poorly studied. To identify new clues, we studied the halophyte, Thellungiella salsuginea, and three Arabidopsis accessions, known as tolerant or salt-sensitive. We focused on the quantitative traits associated with the stem growth, sugar content, and anatomy of the plants subjected to the salt treatment, with and without a three-day acclimation, applied during the reproductive stage. The stem growth of Thellungiella salsuginea was not affected by the salt stress. By contrast, salt affected all of the Arabidopsis accessions, with a natural variation in the effect of the salt on growth, sugar content, and stem anatomy. In response to the high salinity, irregular xylem vessels were observed, independently of the accession’s tolerance to salt treatment, while the diameter of the largest xylem vessels was reduced in the tolerant accessions. The stem height, growth rate, hexoses-to-sucrose ratio, and phloem-to-xylem ratio also varied, in association with both the genotype and its tolerance to salt stress. Our findings indicate that several quantitative traits for salt tolerance are associated with the control of inflorescence growth and the adjustment of the phloem-to-xylem ratio. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Phloem Development)
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23 pages, 2390 KiB  
Article
Intrusive Growth of Phloem Fibers in Flax Stem: Integrated Analysis of miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles
by Oleg Gorshkov, Tatyana Chernova, Natalia Mokshina, Natalia Gogoleva, Dmitry Suslov, Alexander Tkachenko and Tatyana Gorshkova
Plants 2019, 8(2), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8020047 - 19 Feb 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6033
Abstract
Phloem fibers are important elements of plant architecture and the target product of many fiber crops. A key stage in fiber development is intrusive elongation, the mechanisms of which are largely unknown. Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in intrusivelygrowing fibers [...] Read more.
Phloem fibers are important elements of plant architecture and the target product of many fiber crops. A key stage in fiber development is intrusive elongation, the mechanisms of which are largely unknown. Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in intrusivelygrowing fibers obtained by laser microdissection from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) stem revealed all 124 known flax miRNA from 23 gene families and the potential targets of differentially expressed miRNAs. A comparison of the expression between phloem fibers at different developmental stages, and parenchyma and xylem tissues demonstrated that members of miR159, miR166, miR167, miR319, miR396 families were down-regulated in intrusively growing fibers. Some putative target genes of these miRNA families, such as those putatively encoding growth-regulating factors, an argonaute family protein, and a homeobox-leucine zipper family protein were up-regulated in elongating fibers. miR160, miR169, miR390, and miR394 showed increased expression. Changes in the expression levels of miRNAs and their target genes did not match expectations for the majority of predicted target genes. Taken together, poorly understood intrusive fiber elongation, the key process of phloem fiber development, was characterized from a miRNA-target point of view, giving new insights into its regulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Phloem Development)
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Review

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13 pages, 900 KiB  
Review
Sieve Plate Pores in the Phloem and the Unknowns of Their Formation
by Lothar Kalmbach and Ykä Helariutta
Plants 2019, 8(2), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8020025 - 22 Jan 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 12273
Abstract
Sieve pores of the sieve plates connect neighboring sieve elements to form the conducting sieve tubes of the phloem. Sieve pores are critical for phloem function. From the 1950s onwards, when electron microscopes became increasingly available, the study of their formation had been [...] Read more.
Sieve pores of the sieve plates connect neighboring sieve elements to form the conducting sieve tubes of the phloem. Sieve pores are critical for phloem function. From the 1950s onwards, when electron microscopes became increasingly available, the study of their formation had been a pillar of phloem research. More recent work on sieve elements instead has largely focused on sieve tube hydraulics, phylogeny, and eco-physiology. Additionally, advanced molecular and genetic tools available for the model species Arabidopsis thaliana helped decipher several key regulatory mechanisms of early phloem development. Yet, the downstream differentiation processes which form the conductive sieve tube are still largely unknown, and our understanding of sieve pore formation has only moderately progressed. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on sieve pore formation and present relevant recent advances in related fields such as sieve element evolution, physiology, and plasmodesmata formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Phloem Development)
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25 pages, 6393 KiB  
Review
Lateral Transport of Organic and Inorganic Solutes
by Emilie Aubry, Sylvie Dinant, Françoise Vilaine, Catherine Bellini and Rozenn Le Hir
Plants 2019, 8(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8010020 - 15 Jan 2019
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 10094
Abstract
Organic (e.g., sugars and amino acids) and inorganic (e.g., K+, Na+, PO42−, and SO42−) solutes are transported long-distance throughout plants. Lateral movement of these compounds between the xylem and the phloem, and vice [...] Read more.
Organic (e.g., sugars and amino acids) and inorganic (e.g., K+, Na+, PO42−, and SO42−) solutes are transported long-distance throughout plants. Lateral movement of these compounds between the xylem and the phloem, and vice versa, has also been reported in several plant species since the 1930s, and is believed to be important in the overall resource allocation. Studies of Arabidopsis thaliana have provided us with a better knowledge of the anatomical framework in which the lateral transport takes place, and have highlighted the role of specialized vascular and perivascular cells as an interface for solute exchanges. Important breakthroughs have also been made, mainly in Arabidopsis, in identifying some of the proteins involved in the cell-to-cell translocation of solutes, most notably a range of plasma membrane transporters that act in different cell types. Finally, in the future, state-of-art imaging techniques should help to better characterize the lateral transport of these compounds on a cellular level. This review brings the lateral transport of sugars and inorganic solutes back into focus and highlights its importance in terms of our overall understanding of plant resource allocation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Phloem Development)
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