Metallopolymer, supramolecular chemistry and materials

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2019)

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON 2017, Canada
Interests: Migration Insertion Polymerization (MIP), Miniemulsion Periphery Polymerization (MEPP) and Living Self-Assembly (LSA)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on the current state-of-the-art of metallopolymers and metal-containing systems. This cross-disciplinary field is being explored by taking advantage of relatively well-developed polymers and organometallic chemistries. This exploration has opened up new opportunities for these two fields, and lead to exciting discoveries, contributing significantly to supramolecular chemistry and material science. For example, a new polymerization technique, migration insertion polymerization (MIP), has been created, resulting from an effort to produce air-stable metal carbonyl polymers; self-assembly of metal containing polymers has led to the discovery of living self-assembly for precise synthesis of assembled nanostructures; and metal coordination geometry and bonding structures are being harnessed in several systems for designed and stepwise synthesis of nanostructures. Meanwhile, effort has produced a broad range of materials with various functions derived from metal coordination structures and the properties of metal elements, including redox, magnetic, optical, etc. One specific example is the research on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).

Papers are sought that discuss the latest research in the area. The scope of the Special Issue encompasses the synthesis, characterization and material applications of either metallopolymers or metal-containing self-assembled and coordination systems.

Prof. Xiaosong Wang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Organometallic polymers
  • Metal-coordination polymers
  • Metal-containing polymers
  • Metal-containing supramolecular polymers and nanostructures
  • Functions and materials of metal-containing systems

Published Papers (8 papers)

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14 pages, 6402 KiB  
Article
Competition in Coordination Assemblies: 1D-Coordination Polymer or 2D-Nets Based on Co(NCS)2 and 4′-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,2′:6′,3″-terpyridine
by Dalila Rocco, Alessandro Prescimone, Y. Maximilian Klein, Dariusz J. Gawryluk, Edwin C. Constable and Catherine E. Housecroft
Polymers 2019, 11(7), 1224; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11071224 - 23 Jul 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3580 | Correction
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of 4′-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,2′:6′,3″-terpyridine (2) (IUPAC PIN 24-(4-methoxyphenyl)-12,22:26,32-terpyridine) are described, and its coordination behaviour with cobalt(II) thiocyanate has been investigated. In a series of experiments, crystals were grown at [...] Read more.
The synthesis and characterization of 4′-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,2′:6′,3″-terpyridine (2) (IUPAC PIN 24-(4-methoxyphenyl)-12,22:26,32-terpyridine) are described, and its coordination behaviour with cobalt(II) thiocyanate has been investigated. In a series of experiments, crystals were grown at room temperature by layering a MeOH solution of Co(NCS)2 over a CHCl3 solution of 2 using 1:1, 1:2 or 2:1 molar ratios of metal salt-to-ligand. Crystals harvested within 2–3 weeks proved to be the 1D-coordination polymer [Co(2)(NCS)2(MeOH)2]n and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirmed that the crystals selected for single-crystal X-ray diffraction were representative of the bulk samples. Longer crystallization times with a Co(NCS)2 to 2 molar ratio of 1:1 yielded crystals of [Co(2)(NCS)2(MeOH)2]n (1D-chain) and the pseudopolymorphs [{Co(2)2(NCS)2}·3MeOH]n and [{Co(2)2(NCS)2}·2.2CHCl3]n ((4,4)-nets), each type of crystal originating from a different zone in the crystallization tube. PXRD for this last experiment confirmed that the dominant product in the bulk sample was the 1D-coordination polymer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallopolymer, supramolecular chemistry and materials)
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12 pages, 10287 KiB  
Article
Two Lanthanide Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on Semi-Rigid T-Shaped Tricarboxylate Ligand: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties
by Yun-Shan Xue, Zhuo-Lin Chen, Youzhen Dong and Wei-Wei Cheng
Polymers 2019, 11(5), 868; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11050868 - 13 May 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2744
Abstract
By using a semi-rigid tripodal ligand 5-(4-carboxybenzyloxy)isophthalic acid (H3L) and lanthanide metal ions (Nd3+, Tb3+), two novel lanthanide metal–organic frameworks, namely, {[Nd2L2(DMF)4] DMF}n (1), and {TbL(DMF)(H2O)}n ( [...] Read more.
By using a semi-rigid tripodal ligand 5-(4-carboxybenzyloxy)isophthalic acid (H3L) and lanthanide metal ions (Nd3+, Tb3+), two novel lanthanide metal–organic frameworks, namely, {[Nd2L2(DMF)4] DMF}n (1), and {TbL(DMF)(H2O)}n (2), were synthesized under mild solvothermal conditions and structurally characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural, in which L3– ligands linked dinuclear lanthanide metal–carboxylate units to form non-interpenetrated 3D network with (3,6)-connected topology. Luminescent investigations reveal that compound 1 displays the near-infrared emission at room temperature, and compound 2 can be employed as selective probe for Cr2O72 anion in aqueous solution based on luminescence quenching. Moreover, compound 2 exhibits catalytic activity for cyclo-addition of CO2 and epoxides under relatively mild conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallopolymer, supramolecular chemistry and materials)
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15 pages, 9777 KiB  
Article
Three New Supramolecular Coordination Polymers Based on 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amine and 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate Derivatives
by Yun Xu, Qing-Hua Deng, Fang Ding, Ran An, Dong Liu and Ti-Fang Miao
Polymers 2019, 11(5), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11050819 - 07 May 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2658
Abstract
Three new supramolecular coordination polymers, namely [Zn(1,3-BDC)(HL)]n (Polymer 1), [Zn3(1,3,5-BTC)2(HL)2(H2O)2]n (Polymer 2), and [Zn9(5-SO3-1,3-BDC)2(L)8(OH)4]n (Polymer 3), were synthesized under solvothermal [...] Read more.
Three new supramolecular coordination polymers, namely [Zn(1,3-BDC)(HL)]n (Polymer 1), [Zn3(1,3,5-BTC)2(HL)2(H2O)2]n (Polymer 2), and [Zn9(5-SO3-1,3-BDC)2(L)8(OH)4]n (Polymer 3), were synthesized under solvothermal conditions, based on 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amine (HL) along with 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate (1,3-BDC) and its derivatives, such as 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (1,3,5-BTC) and 5-sulfo-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate (5-SO3-1,3-BDC). Polymers 1–3 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Polymer 1 exhibited a two-dimensional (2D) 4-connected sql net. The neighboring 2D nets were further linked into a 3D supramolecular network by hydrogen-bonding interactions. Polymer 2 displayed a 3D (4, 4, 4)-connected network, which was further stabilized by R 2 2 (14) and S(9) hydrogen-bonding rings along with π–π interactions. The 2D sheet structure of Polymer 3 was constructed by novel quasi-linear nonanuclear Zn(II) units, which further extended into a 3D supramolecular structure by hydrogen-bonding interactions. The solid-state photoluminescence properties of Polymers 1–3 were also investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallopolymer, supramolecular chemistry and materials)
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15 pages, 6292 KiB  
Article
Temperature-Controlled Assembly/Reassembly of Two Dicarboxylate-Based Three-Dimensional Co(II) Coordination Polymers with an Antiferromagnetic Metallic Layer and a Ferromagnetic Metallic Chain
by Hui-Chen Yu, Chin-Hsuan Lin and Chen-I Yang
Polymers 2019, 11(5), 795; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11050795 - 02 May 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2455
Abstract
Two new dicarboxylate-based three-dimensional cobalt coordination polymers, [Co(Me2mal)(bpe)0.5(H2O)]n (1) and [Co(Me2mal)(bpe)0.5]n (2), were synthesized from dimethylmalonic acid (H2-Me2mal) in temperature-controlled solvothermal reactions. Lower [...] Read more.
Two new dicarboxylate-based three-dimensional cobalt coordination polymers, [Co(Me2mal)(bpe)0.5(H2O)]n (1) and [Co(Me2mal)(bpe)0.5]n (2), were synthesized from dimethylmalonic acid (H2-Me2mal) in temperature-controlled solvothermal reactions. Lower temperatures (60–80 °C) favored the formation of 1, while higher temperatures (120 °C) favored the production of 2. Compound 1 is comprised of Co(II) corrugated layers linked by synanti carboxylate bridges from the Me2mal2− ligands and pillared through bis-monodentate bpe groups. Compound 2 is comprised of a three-dimensional network involving one-dimensional Co–carboxylate chains bonded by antisymmetric µ4-Me2mal2− ligands and aligned parallel to the [001] direction. The solvothermal retreatment of crystalline samples of 1 in a DMF/H2O solvent at 120 °C allowed the structural reassembly, with complete conversion within 2 over 48 h. Magnetic analyses revealed that compound 1 exhibits both spin-orbital coupling and antiferromagnetic interactions through a synanti carboxylate (Me2mal2−) bridge exchange pathway [Co–Co separation of 5.478 Å] and compound 2 showed a ferromagnetic interaction resulting from the short Co–Co separation (3.150 Å) and the small Co–O–Co bridging angles (98.5° and 95.3°) exchange pathway which was provided by µ4-Me2mal2− bridging ligand. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallopolymer, supramolecular chemistry and materials)
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11 pages, 1973 KiB  
Article
A Novel Polymethyl Methacrylate Derivative Grafted with Cationic Iridium(III) Complex Units: Synthesis and Application in White Light-Emitting Diodes
by Huaijun Tang, Xueyan Dong, Mingxian Chen, Qiuhong Chen, Mengran Ren, Kaimin Wang, Qiang Zhou and Zhengliang Wang
Polymers 2019, 11(3), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11030499 - 14 Mar 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2428
Abstract
A novel orange-yellow-emitting polymethyl methacrylate derivative grafted with cationic iridium(III) complex units was synthesized and used as down-conversion luminescent materials in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The polymer had a thermal decomposition temperature (Td) of 275 °C. With the temperature increasing from [...] Read more.
A novel orange-yellow-emitting polymethyl methacrylate derivative grafted with cationic iridium(III) complex units was synthesized and used as down-conversion luminescent materials in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The polymer had a thermal decomposition temperature (Td) of 275 °C. With the temperature increasing from 20 to 100 °C, its photoluminescent intensity decreased to 76.8% with thermal quenching activation energy (Ea) of 0.2775 eV. A series of LEDs was fabricated by 460 nm blue GaN chips and the polymer blended in silicone at different concentrations. At 4.0 wt %, a cold white LED was obtained, the correlated color temperature (CCT) was 10,050 K, color rendering index (CRI) was 71.2, luminous efficiency (ηL) was 5.3 lm·w−1, and Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates were (0.30, 0.24). At 5.0 wt.%, the LED emitted neutral white light, its CCT was 4938 K, CRI was 75, ηL was 13.8 lm·w−1, and the CIE value was (0.34, 0.27). At 5.5 wt %, 6.0 wt %, 7.0 wt %, and 8.0 wt %, the LEDs all emitted warm white light; their CCTs were 3446, 3093, 2557, and 2337 K, respectively; their CRIs were 73.6, 71.8, 63.8, and 59.0, respectively; their ηL were 18.1, 16.3, 14.8, and 13.7 lm·w−1, respectively; and their CIE values were (0.36, 0.30), (0.40, 0.35), (0.45, 0.38), and (0.50, 0.42), respectively. At 9.0 wt %, the blue light of GaN chip was completely absorbed by the polymer and only the orange-yellow light of the polymer emitted. The results suggested the polymer was a promising orange-yellow-emitting phosphor candidate for white LEDs, especially for warm white LEDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallopolymer, supramolecular chemistry and materials)
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12 pages, 3464 KiB  
Article
One-Dimensional Mercury Halide Coordination Polymers Based on A Semi-Rigid N-Donor Ligand: Reversible Structural Transformation
by Pradhumna Mahat Chhetri, Xiang-Kai Yang, Chih-Tung Yang and Jhy-Der Chen
Polymers 2019, 11(3), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11030436 - 06 Mar 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2738
Abstract
Four one-dimensional (1D) mercury(II) halide coordination polymers have been synthesized by using a semi-rigid N-donor ligand, 2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)-bis(N-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide) (1,4-pbpa). While [Hg(1,4-pbpa)Cl2·CH3OH]n, 1, forms a sinusoidal chain, the complexes [Hg(1,4-pbpa)X2]n (X = [...] Read more.
Four one-dimensional (1D) mercury(II) halide coordination polymers have been synthesized by using a semi-rigid N-donor ligand, 2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)-bis(N-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide) (1,4-pbpa). While [Hg(1,4-pbpa)Cl2·CH3OH]n, 1, forms a sinusoidal chain, the complexes [Hg(1,4-pbpa)X2]n (X = Cl, 2; Br, 3; I, 4) are helical. The sinusoidal 1 undergoes reversible structural transformation with helical 2 upon removal and uptake of CH3OH, which was accompanied with the conformation adjustment of the 1,4-pbpa ligand from trans anti-anti to trans syn-anti. Pyridyl ring rotation of the 1,4-pbpa ligand that results in the change of the ligand conformation is proposed for the initiation of the structural transformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallopolymer, supramolecular chemistry and materials)
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13 pages, 3975 KiB  
Article
Conducting Copper(I/II)-Metallopolymer for the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) with High Kinetic Current Density
by Sait Elmas, Wesley Beelders, Xun Pan and Thomas Nann
Polymers 2018, 10(9), 1002; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10091002 - 07 Sep 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5304
Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is still the most research-intensive aspect of a fuel cell. The sluggish kinetics of the electrocatalysts toward the ORR requires large amounts of platinum to be used as cathode material, which calls for alternatives to replace or minimize [...] Read more.
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is still the most research-intensive aspect of a fuel cell. The sluggish kinetics of the electrocatalysts toward the ORR requires large amounts of platinum to be used as cathode material, which calls for alternatives to replace or minimize the amount of the noble metals used. This study describes the synthesis and complete characterization of a copper metallopolymer (Cu MP) based on a conducting polymer (CP) and single-site catalytic centers for the electrocatalytic ORR. The copper (II) catalyst, embedded in a redox-active and conducting polymeric environment, was pursued as a potential candidate to replace noble metals in fuel cell applications. Performance studies at a rotating disk electrode (RDE) showed that the metallopolymer exhibited a direct four-electron reduction at potentials between −150 and −350 mV vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and high kinetic current densities of over 22.62 mA/cm2. The kinetic current densities obtained at the Cu MP electrode outperformed most of the reported state-of-the art electrocatalysts toward the ORR. Further analysis of the Cu/CP hybrid revealed the copper being largely reduced to the oxidation state +I. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallopolymer, supramolecular chemistry and materials)
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1 pages, 163 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Rocco, D.; et al. Competition in Coordination Assemblies: 1D-Coordination Polymer or 2D-Nets Based on Co(NCS)2 and 4′-(4-methoxy)-3,2′:6′,3″-terpyridine. Polymers 2019, 11, 1224; doi:10.3390/polym11071224
by Dalila Rocco, Alessandro Prescimone, Y. Maximilian Klein, Dariusz J. Gawryluk, Edwin C. Constable and Catherine E. Housecroft
Polymers 2019, 11(10), 1537; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11101537 - 20 Sep 2019
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Abstract
We wish to make the following corrections to our published paper [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallopolymer, supramolecular chemistry and materials)
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