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Optical Chemical Nanosensors
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Optical Chemical Nanosensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2019) | Viewed by 48684

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Francisco J. Arregui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Institute of Smart Cities, Universidad Publica de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
Interests: optical fiber sensors; sensors based on nanostructured materials; chemical sensors; gas sensors; biosensors; layer-by-layer nanoassembly
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jesús M. Corres

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Smart Cities, Universidad Publica de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
Interests: optical fiber sensors; sensors based on nanostructured materials; chemical sensors; gas sensors; biosensors; layer-by-layer nanoassembly
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optochemical nanosensors have promising prospects because of their potential to improve the world in many ways. There are diverse applications, such as medical diagnosis, virology, food security, environmental monitoring, or homeland security, where optochemical sensors can play a relevant role.

In addition to the main challenges that any classic sensor would have to accomplish these goals, such as a high sensitivity and selectivity, a short response time, regeneration, accuracy, repeatability, interchangeability, and long-term stability, additionally, the small size of these devices also demands new methods of characterization, new sensing schemes and new techniques for fabrication.

Our aim for this Special Issue is to promote the exchanges of ideas and knowledge regarding optochemical nanosensors. The Special Issue focuses on research and development of sensing technologies and applications.

We welcome work on nanosensors developed for on-field applications in various areas: Biosensors, biomedical applications, environmental monitoring, detection of water pollutants, ion recognition, or security fields, to mention just some examples.

The sensing mechanism has to rely on optical transducers, including those based on absorbance, reflectance, refractometric measurements, optical fibers, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Lossy Mode Resonance (LMR), luminescence, or any other optical approaches.

Both original research papers and review articles on optochemical nanosensor technology, and its applications, are solicited.

Although opinion pieces and perspectives are welcome, a proposal should first be submitted to the Guest Editors for review.

Prof. Dr. Francisco J. Arregui
Dr. Jesús M. Corres
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Optical Chemical Sensors
  • Nanostructured materials
  • Nanoparticles
  • Nano probes
  • Nanowires
  • Nanotubes
  • Quantum Dots
  • Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • Aptamers
  • Absorbance and reflectance
  • Refractive index
  • Photoluminescence
  • Chemiluminescence
  • Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)
  • Localized SPR (LSPR)
  • Lossy Mode Resonance (LMR)
  • Photothermal analysis
  • Photoacoustics
  • Lab-on-chip
  • Lab-on-fiber
  • Fiber optic sensors
  • Biosensors
  • Water pollutants
  • Ion recognition
  • Homeland security

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 3512 KiB  
Article
Large Area Nanohole Arrays for Sensing Fabricated by Interference Lithography
by Chiara Valsecchi, Luis Enrique Gomez Armas and Jacson Weber de Menezes
Sensors 2019, 19(9), 2182; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092182 - 11 May 2019
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5013
Abstract
Several fabrication techniques are recently used to produce a nanopattern for sensing, as focused ion beam milling (FIB), e-beam lithography (EBL), nanoimprinting, and soft lithography. Here, interference lithography is explored for the fabrication of large area nanohole arrays in metal films as an [...] Read more.
Several fabrication techniques are recently used to produce a nanopattern for sensing, as focused ion beam milling (FIB), e-beam lithography (EBL), nanoimprinting, and soft lithography. Here, interference lithography is explored for the fabrication of large area nanohole arrays in metal films as an efficient, flexible, and scalable production method. The transmission spectra in air of the 1 cm2 substrate were evaluated to study the substrate behavior when hole-size, periodicity, and film thickness are varied, in order to elucidate the best sample for the most effective sensing performance. The efficiency of the nanohole array was tested for bulk sensing and compared with other platforms found in the literature. The sensitivity of ~1000 nm/RIU, achieved with an array periodicity in the visible range, exceeds near infrared (NIR) performances previously reported, and demonstrates that interference lithography is one of the best alternative to other expensive and time-consuming nanofabrication methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Chemical Nanosensors)
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14 pages, 6081 KiB  
Article
Effect of Surface Coverage of Gold Nanoparticles on the Refractive Index Sensitivity in Fiber-Optic Nanoplasmonic Sensing
by Wei-Te Wu, Chien-Hsing Chen, Chang-Yue Chiang and Lai-Kwan Chau
Sensors 2018, 18(6), 1759; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18061759 - 31 May 2018
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 7547
Abstract
A simple theoretical model was developed to analyze the extinction spectrum of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the fiber core and glass surfaces in order to aid the determination of the surface coverage and surface distribution of the AuNPs on the fiber core surface [...] Read more.
A simple theoretical model was developed to analyze the extinction spectrum of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the fiber core and glass surfaces in order to aid the determination of the surface coverage and surface distribution of the AuNPs on the fiber core surface for sensitivity optimization of the fiber optic particle plasmon resonance (FOPPR) sensor. The extinction spectrum of AuNPs comprises of the interband absorption of AuNPs, non-interacting plasmon resonance (PR) band due to isolated AuNPs, and coupled PR band of interacting AuNPs. When the surface coverage is smaller than 12.2%, the plasmon coupling effect can almost be ignored. This method is also applied to understand the refractive index sensitivity of the FOPPR sensor with respect to the non-interacting PR band and the coupled PR band. In terms of wavelength sensitivity at a surface coverage of 18.6%, the refractive index sensitivity of the coupled PR band (205.5 nm/RIU) is greater than that of the non-interacting PR band (349.1 nm/RIU). In terms of extinction sensitivity, refractive index sensitivity of the coupled PR band (−3.86/RIU) is similar to that of the non-interacting PR band (−3.93/RIU). Both maximum wavelength and extinction sensitivities were found at a surface coverage of 15.2%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Chemical Nanosensors)
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15 pages, 7047 KiB  
Article
Discriminating between Different Heavy Metal Ions with Fullerene-Derived Nanoparticles
by Erica Ciotta, Paolo Prosposito, Pietro Tagliatesta, Chiara Lorecchio, Lorenzo Stella, Saulius Kaciulis, Peiman Soltani, Ernesto Placidi and Roberto Pizzoferrato
Sensors 2018, 18(5), 1496; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051496 - 10 May 2018
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 4551
Abstract
A novel type of graphene-like nanoparticle, synthesized by oxidation and unfolding of C60 buckminsterfullerene fullerene, showed multiple and reproducible sensitivity to Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and As(III) through different degrees of fluorescence quenching or, in the case [...] Read more.
A novel type of graphene-like nanoparticle, synthesized by oxidation and unfolding of C60 buckminsterfullerene fullerene, showed multiple and reproducible sensitivity to Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and As(III) through different degrees of fluorescence quenching or, in the case of Cd2+, through a remarkable fluorescence enhancement. Most importantly, only for Cu2+ and Pb2+, the fluorescence intensity variations came with distinct modifications of the optical absorption spectrum. Time-resolved fluorescence study confirmed that the common origin of these diverse behaviors lies in complexation of the metal ions by fullerene-derived carbon layers, even though further studies are required for a complete explanation of the involved processes. Nonetheless, the different response of fluorescence and optical absorbance towards distinct cationic species makes it possible to discriminate between the presence of Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and As(III), through two simple optical measurements. To this end, the use of a three-dimensional calibration plot is discussed. This property makes fullerene-derived nanoparticles a promising material in view of the implementation of a selective, colorimetric/fluorescent detection system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Chemical Nanosensors)
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12 pages, 3965 KiB  
Article
Centrifugal Deposited Au-Pd Core-Shell Nanoparticle Film for Room-Temperature Optical Detection of Hydrogen Gas
by Han Song, Zhijie Luo, Mingyao Liu, Gang Zhang, Wang Peng, Boyi Wang and Yong Zhu
Sensors 2018, 18(5), 1448; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051448 - 06 May 2018
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4714
Abstract
In the present work, centrifugal deposited Au-Pd core-shell nanoparticle (NP) film was proposed for the room-temperature optical detection of hydrogen gas. The size dimension of 44, 48, 54, and 62 nm Au-Pd core-shell nanocubes with 40 nm Au core were synthesized following a [...] Read more.
In the present work, centrifugal deposited Au-Pd core-shell nanoparticle (NP) film was proposed for the room-temperature optical detection of hydrogen gas. The size dimension of 44, 48, 54, and 62 nm Au-Pd core-shell nanocubes with 40 nm Au core were synthesized following a solution-based seed-mediated growth method. Compared to a pure Pd NP, this core-shell structure with an inert Au core could decrease the H diffusion length in the Pd shell. Through a modified centrifugal deposition process, continues film samples with different core-shell NPs were deposited on 10 mm diameter quartz substrates. Under various hydrogen concentration conditions, the optical response properties of these samples were characterized by an intensity-based optical fiber bundle sensor. Experimental results show that the continues film that was composed of 62 nm Au-Pd core-shell NPs has achieved a stable and repeatable reflectance response with low zero drift in the range of 4 to 0.1% hydrogen after a stress relaxation mechanism at first few loading/unloading cycles. Because of the short H diffusion length due to the thinner Pd shell, the film sample composed of 44 nm Au-Pd NPs has achieved a dramatically decreased response/recovery time to 4 s/30 s. The experiments present the promising prospect of this simple method to fabricate optical hydrogen sensors with controllable high sensitivity and response rate at low cost. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Chemical Nanosensors)
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15 pages, 5010 KiB  
Article
Green, Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots from Gardenia, Enabling the Detection of Metronidazole in Pharmaceuticals and Rabbit Plasma
by Xiupei Yang, Mingxian Liu, Yanru Yin, Fenglin Tang, Hua Xu and Xiangjun Liao
Sensors 2018, 18(4), 964; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18040964 - 24 Mar 2018
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 4957
Abstract
Strong fluorescent carbon nanodots (FCNs) were synthesized with a green approach using gardenia as a carbon source through a one-step hydrothermal method. FCNs were characterized by their UV-vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [...] Read more.
Strong fluorescent carbon nanodots (FCNs) were synthesized with a green approach using gardenia as a carbon source through a one-step hydrothermal method. FCNs were characterized by their UV-vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We further explored the use of as-synthesized FCNs as an effective probe for the detection of metronidazole (MNZ), which is based on MNZ-induced fluorescence quenching of FCNs. The proposed method displayed a wide linear range from 0.8 to 225.0 µM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992 and a limit of detection as low as 279 nM. It was successfully applied to the determination of MNZ in commercial tablets and rabbit plasma with excellent sensitivity and selectivity, which indicates its potential applications in clinical analysis and biologically related studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Chemical Nanosensors)
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Review

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26 pages, 6589 KiB  
Review
Towards Portable Nanophotonic Sensors
by Abdul Shakoor, James Grant, Marco Grande and David. R. S. Cumming
Sensors 2019, 19(7), 1715; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19071715 - 10 Apr 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6421
Abstract
A range of nanophotonic sensors composed of different materials and device configurations have been developed over the past two decades. These sensors have achieved high performance in terms of sensitivity and detection limit. The size of onchip nanophotonic sensors is also small and [...] Read more.
A range of nanophotonic sensors composed of different materials and device configurations have been developed over the past two decades. These sensors have achieved high performance in terms of sensitivity and detection limit. The size of onchip nanophotonic sensors is also small and they are regarded as a strong candidate to provide the next generation sensors for a range of applications including chemical and biosensing for point-of-care diagnostics. However, the apparatus used to perform measurements of nanophotonic sensor chips is bulky, expensive and requires experts to operate them. Thus, although integrated nanophotonic sensors have shown high performance and are compact themselves their practical applications are limited by the lack of a compact readout system required for their measurements. To achieve the aim of using nanophotonic sensors in daily life it is important to develop nanophotonic sensors which are not only themselves small, but their readout system is also portable, compact and easy to operate. Recognizing the need to develop compact readout systems for onchip nanophotonic sensors, different groups around the globe have started to put efforts in this direction. This review article discusses different works carried out to develop integrated nanophotonic sensors with compact readout systems, which are divided into two categories; onchip nanophotonic sensors with monolithically integrated readout and onchip nanophotonic sensors with separate but compact readout systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Chemical Nanosensors)
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34 pages, 5506 KiB  
Review
Fluorescent Sensors for the Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Media
by Nerea De Acha, César Elosúa, Jesús M. Corres and Francisco J. Arregui
Sensors 2019, 19(3), 599; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030599 - 31 Jan 2019
Cited by 171 | Viewed by 14675
Abstract
Due to the risks that water contamination implies for human health and environmental protection, monitoring the quality of water is a major concern of the present era. Therefore, in recent years several efforts have been dedicated to the development of fast, sensitive, and [...] Read more.
Due to the risks that water contamination implies for human health and environmental protection, monitoring the quality of water is a major concern of the present era. Therefore, in recent years several efforts have been dedicated to the development of fast, sensitive, and selective sensors for the detection of heavy metal ions. In particular, fluorescent sensors have gained in popularity due to their interesting features, such as high specificity, sensitivity, and reversibility. Thus, this review is devoted to the recent advances in fluorescent sensors for the monitoring of these contaminants, and special focus is placed on those devices based on fluorescent aptasensors, quantum dots, and organic dyes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Chemical Nanosensors)
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