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Wave Energy Technologies: A Sustainable Energy Source

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Engineering and Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2017) | Viewed by 23551

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Prof. Dr. Yucheng Liu

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Guest Editor

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39760, USA
Interests: wave energy technology; multiscale modeling and simulation; high strain rate performance; vehicle system design and analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will cover all topics related to development and application of wave energy technologies, which include but are not limited to: Design of wave energy converters, wave climate analysis, evaluation of potential location for imploring wave technology, experimental, theoretical and computational analysis of wave energy conversion systems, etc.

As concerns rising fossil fuel prices, energy security, climate change, and environmental pollution, sustainable energy can play a key role in producing local, clean, and inexhaustible energy to supply global growing demands for electricity. Among common renewable energy sources, the waves generated in gulfs and oceans reflect a huge body of untapped sustainable energy source, which have a large amount of energy potential that can be transformed into electricity. Currently, wave energy has led to promising technologies and commercial deployments.

This Special Issue attempts to present the newest and novel developments in the areas of wave energy technology, from which an international forum of scientific and technical achievements in design and assessment of wave energy conversion systems and other sustainable energy branches will be established.

Prof. Dr. Yucheng Liu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

wave energy technology
wave energy converters
wave climate analysis
evaluation of potential location for imploring wave technology

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2078 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Model of Power System Stabilizer Adapting to Multi-Operating Conditions of Local Power Grid and Parameter Tuning

by Wenping Hu, Jifeng Liang, Yitao Jin and Fuzhang Wu

Sustainability 2018, 10(6), 2089; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10062089 - 20 Jun 2018

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3804

Abstract

The rapid development of the modern power grid has resulted in significant changes to the dynamic characteristics of regional power grids. Moreover, the operating conditions of power grids are increasingly complex, and uncertainty factors are on the rise, which makes it difficult for a conventional power system stabilizer (PSS) to provide enough damping for the power system. To solve the problem where the conventional model and parameter-tuning method of a PSS cannot adapt to the multi-operating conditions of the modern power system, a new emergency control model of PSS (E-PSS) that can adapt to the multi-operating conditions of the local power grid and a method of parameter tuning based on probabilistic eigenvalue are proposed in this paper. An emergency control channel is also installed on the PSS2B. The conventional channel is used to control the system under normal operating conditions, which ensures that the system meets the conditions of dynamic stability in 99% of operating conditions, and the emergency control is adopted immediately in extreme conditions. Through the process of parameter tuning, the adaptability of the PSS to multi-operating conditions and damping coupling are both considered. Finally, it is verified that the emergency control model of the PSS and the parameter tuning method are effective and robust by a series of simulations based on MATLAB and its Power system analysis toolbox (PSAT). The rapidity of the emergency control can guarantee its effectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave Energy Technologies: A Sustainable Energy Source)

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20 pages, 40502 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation on Performance of a Modified Breakwater-Integrated OWC Wave Energy Converter

by Ching-Piao Tsai, Chun-Han Ko and Ying-Chi Chen

Sustainability 2018, 10(3), 643; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030643 - 28 Feb 2018

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 8147

Abstract

The hydrodynamic performance of the wave power extraction of an innovative modified breakwater-integrated Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave energy converter is both numerically and experimentally presented in this study. The modified OWC device comprises a non-conventional perforated wall in front of a typical OWC chamber. The air-water two-fluid model, considering the fluid compressibility involved in FLOW-3D solver, is employed for the numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the OWC devices. The numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic performance of the OWC device are first validated by the experimental measurements with a scaled model. The effects of the geometry of the OWC chamber on the hydrodynamic efficiency are then discussed by numerical simulations using a full-scale OWC device under regular waves. The numerical and experimental results show that the present modified device can form a U-type flow pattern by the oscillating water column, thus developing better performance in extracting pneumatic power, when compared with the typical OWC device which does not have the perforated front wall. The results indicate that the present modified OWC device can not only promote the efficiency of the pneumatic power extraction, but can also reduce the wave force acting on the structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave Energy Technologies: A Sustainable Energy Source)

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2211 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Voltage Impact of a Wave Energy Converter on an Unbalanced Distribution Grid and Corrective Actions

by Hugo Mendonça, Rosa M. De Castro, Sergio Martínez and David Montalbán

Sustainability 2017, 9(10), 1844; https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101844 - 13 Oct 2017

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4328

Abstract

Renewable energy is steadily increasing its penetration level in electric power systems. Wind and solar energy have reached a high degree of maturity, and their impacts on the grid are well known. However, this is not the case for emerging sources like wave energy. This work explores the impact of the fluctuating power injected by a wave energy converter on the distribution grid voltage and proposes a strategy for mitigating the induced voltage fluctuations. The paper describes the mechanics of how a fluctuating active power injection leads to grid voltage fluctuations and presents an unbalanced three-phase power flow tool that allows one to quantitatively analyze the voltage evolution at every phase and bus of a distribution grid driven by this power injection. The paper also proposes a corrective action for mitigating the voltage fluctuations that makes use of the hardware resources already available in the wave energy converter, by means of a control strategy on the reactive capability of the grid-side inverter. The use of a STATCOM as additional reactive compensation equipment is also explored. The effectiveness of the proposal is assessed in the IEEE 13-bus test feeder showing that, in some cases, the wave energy converter by itself is able to mitigate the voltage fluctuations that it causes. If not, a STATCOM can provide the extra reactive capability needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave Energy Technologies: A Sustainable Energy Source)

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2148 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation of a Dual-Chamber Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter

by Dezhi Ning, Rongquan Wang and Chongwei Zhang

Sustainability 2017, 9(9), 1599; https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091599 - 07 Sep 2017

Cited by 53 | Viewed by 6781

Abstract

The performance of a dual-chamber Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Wave Energy Converter (WEC) is considered in the present study. The device has two sub-chambers with a shared orifice. A two-dimensional (2D) fully nonlinear numerical wave flume based on the potential-flow theory and the time-domain higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM) is applied for the simulation. The incident waves are generated by using the immerged sources and the air-fluid coupling influence is considered with a simplified pneumatic model. In the present study, the variation of the surface elevation and the water column volume in the two sub-chambers are investigated. The effects of the chamber geometry (i.e., the draft and breadth of two chambers) on the surface elevation and the air pressure in the chamber are investigated, respectively. It is demonstrated that the surface elevations in the two sub-chambers are strongly dependent on the wave conditions. The larger the wavelength, the more synchronous motion of the two water columns in the two sub-chambers, thus, the lager the variation of the water column volume. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave Energy Technologies: A Sustainable Energy Source)

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