Research

793 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Environmental Sustainability Play a Role in the Adoption of Smart Card Technology at Universities in Taiwan: An Integration of TAM and TRA

by Ching-Wei Ho, Yu-Bing Wang and Neil Y. Yen

Sustainability 2015, 7(8), 10994-11009; https://doi.org/10.3390/su70810994 - 12 Aug 2015

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 7134

Abstract

Smart cards are able to store and protect relatively large amounts of data. When applied in universities, they can act as multi-purpose, multi-function and smart ID cards. This would avoid the waste of resources and maintain environmental sustainability. This study proposes a model [...] Read more.

Smart cards are able to store and protect relatively large amounts of data. When applied in universities, they can act as multi-purpose, multi-function and smart ID cards. This would avoid the waste of resources and maintain environmental sustainability. This study proposes a model that integrates Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Reasoned Action into a framework incorporating the notion of environmental concern in order to explore the factors that affect students’ behavioral intention to use University Smart Cards. This study employs a quantitative method for primary data collection via a structured questionnaire for university students. The findings indicated that the perceived usefulness and subjective norm of university smart card systems have the most significant predictive power on potential users’ attitudes and intentions of adopting the card. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ubiquitous Green IT System for Sustainable Computing)

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1160 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficient Sustainable Operation Mechanism of Distributed Desktop Integration Storage Based on Virtualization with Ubiquitous Computing

by Hyun-Woo Kim, Jong Hyuk Park, Duinkhorjav Majigsuren and Young-Sik Jeong

Sustainability 2015, 7(6), 7568-7580; https://doi.org/10.3390/su7067568 - 12 Jun 2015

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5297

Abstract

Following the rapid growth of ubiquitous computing, many jobs that were previously manual have now been automated. This automation has increased the amount of time available for leisure; diverse services are now being developed for this leisure time. In addition, the development of [...] Read more.

Following the rapid growth of ubiquitous computing, many jobs that were previously manual have now been automated. This automation has increased the amount of time available for leisure; diverse services are now being developed for this leisure time. In addition, the development of small and portable devices like smartphones, diverse Internet services can be used regardless of time and place. Studies regarding diverse virtualization are currently in progress. These studies aim to determine ways to efficiently store and process the big data generated by the multitude of devices and services in use. One topic of such studies is desktop storage virtualization, which integrates distributed desktop resources and provides these resources to users to integrate into distributed legacy desktops via virtualization. In the case of desktop storage virtualization, high availability of virtualization is necessary and important for providing reliability to users. Studies regarding hierarchical structures and resource integration are currently in progress. These studies aim to create efficient data distribution and storage for distributed desktops based on resource integration environments. However, studies regarding efficient responses to server faults occurring in desktop-based resource integration environments have been insufficient. This paper proposes a mechanism for the sustainable operation of desktop storage (SODS) for high operational availability. It allows for the easy addition and removal of desktops in desktop-based integration environments. It also activates alternative servers when a fault occurs within a system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ubiquitous Green IT System for Sustainable Computing)

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5095 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Supporting Keyword Search for Image Retrieval with Integration of Probabilistic Annotation

by Tie Hua Zhou, Ling Wang and Keun Ho Ryu

Sustainability 2015, 7(5), 6303-6320; https://doi.org/10.3390/su7056303 - 22 May 2015

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5887

Abstract

The ever-increasing quantities of digital photo resources are annotated with enriching vocabularies to form semantic annotations. Photo-sharing social networks have boosted the need for efficient and intuitive querying to respond to user requirements in large-scale image collections. In order to help users formulate [...] Read more.

The ever-increasing quantities of digital photo resources are annotated with enriching vocabularies to form semantic annotations. Photo-sharing social networks have boosted the need for efficient and intuitive querying to respond to user requirements in large-scale image collections. In order to help users formulate efficient and effective image retrieval, we present a novel integration of a probabilistic model based on keyword query architecture that models the probability distribution of image annotations: allowing users to obtain satisfactory results from image retrieval via the integration of multiple annotations. We focus on the annotation integration step in order to specify the meaning of each image annotation, thus leading to the most representative annotations of the intent of a keyword search. For this demonstration, we show how a probabilistic model has been integrated to semantic annotations to allow users to intuitively define explicit and precise keyword queries in order to retrieve satisfactory image results distributed in heterogeneous large data sources. Our experiments on SBU (collected by Stony Brook University) database show that (i) our integrated annotation contains higher quality representatives and semantic matches; and (ii) the results indicating annotation integration can indeed improve image search result quality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ubiquitous Green IT System for Sustainable Computing)

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738 KiB

Open AccessArticle

SAW Classification Algorithm for Chinese Text Classification

by Xiaoli Guo, Huiyu Sun, Tiehua Zhou, Ling Wang, Zhaoyang Qu and Jiannan Zang

Sustainability 2015, 7(3), 2338-2352; https://doi.org/10.3390/su7032338 - 27 Feb 2015

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6037

Abstract

Considering the explosive growth of data, the increased amount of text data’s effect on the performance of text categorization forward the need for higher requirements, such that the existing classification method cannot be satisfied. Based on the study of existing text classification technology [...] Read more.

Considering the explosive growth of data, the increased amount of text data’s effect on the performance of text categorization forward the need for higher requirements, such that the existing classification method cannot be satisfied. Based on the study of existing text classification technology and semantics, this paper puts forward a kind of Chinese text classification oriented SAW (Structural Auxiliary Word) algorithm. The algorithm uses the special space effect of Chinese text where words have an implied correlation between text information mining and text categorization for high-correlation matching. Experiments show that SAW classification algorithm on the premise of ensuring precision in classification, significantly improve the classification precision and recall, obviously improving the performance of information retrieval, and providing an effective means of data use in the era of big data information extraction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ubiquitous Green IT System for Sustainable Computing)

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2113 KiB

Open AccessArticle

G-Cloud Monitor: A Cloud Monitoring System for Factory Automation for Sustainable Green Computing

by Hwa-Young Jeong, Young-Sik Jeong and Jong Hyuk Park

Sustainability 2014, 6(12), 8510-8521; https://doi.org/10.3390/su6128510 - 26 Nov 2014

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7924

Abstract

Green and cloud computing (G-cloud) are new trends in all areas of computing. The G-cloud provides an efficient function, which enables users to access their programs, systems and platforms at anytime and anyplace. Green computing can also yield greener technology by reducing power [...] Read more.

Green and cloud computing (G-cloud) are new trends in all areas of computing. The G-cloud provides an efficient function, which enables users to access their programs, systems and platforms at anytime and anyplace. Green computing can also yield greener technology by reducing power consumption for sustainable environments. Furthermore, in order to apply user needs to the system development, the user characteristics are regarded as some of the most important factors to be considered in product industries. In this paper, we propose a cloud monitoring system to observe and manage the manufacturing system/factory automation for sustainable green computing. For monitoring systems, we utilized the resources in the G-cloud environments, and hence, it can reduce the amount of system resources and devices, such as system power and processes. In addition, we propose adding a user profile to the monitoring system in order to provide a user-friendly function. That is, this function allows system configurations to be automatically matched to the individual’s requirements, thus increasing efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ubiquitous Green IT System for Sustainable Computing)

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3113 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficiency Sustainability Resource Visual Simulator for Clustered Desktop Virtualization Based on Cloud Infrastructure

by Jong Hyuk Park, Hyun-Woo Kim and Young-Sik Jeong

Sustainability 2014, 6(11), 8079-8091; https://doi.org/10.3390/su6118079 - 14 Nov 2014

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5695

Abstract

Following IT innovations, manual operations have been automated, improving the overall quality of life. This has been possible because an organic topology has been formed among many diverse smart devices grafted onto real life. To provide services to these smart devices, enterprises or [...] Read more.

Following IT innovations, manual operations have been automated, improving the overall quality of life. This has been possible because an organic topology has been formed among many diverse smart devices grafted onto real life. To provide services to these smart devices, enterprises or users use the cloud. Cloud services are divided into infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS). SaaS is operated on PaaS, and PaaS is operated on IaaS. Since IaaS is the foundation of all services, algorithms for the efficient operation of virtualized resources are required. Among these algorithms, desktop resource virtualization is used for high resource availability when existing desktop PCs are unavailable. For this high resource availability, clustering for hierarchical structures is important. In addition, since many clustering algorithms show different percentages of the main resources depending on the desktop PC distribution rates and environments, selecting appropriate algorithms is very important. If diverse attempts are made to find algorithms suitable for the operating environments’ desktop resource virtualization, huge costs are incurred for the related power, time and labor. Therefore, in the present paper, a desktop resource virtualization clustering simulator (DRV-CS), a clustering simulator for selecting clusters of desktop virtualization clusters to be maintained sustainably, is proposed. The DRV-CS provides simulations, so that clustering algorithms can be selected and elements can be properly applied in different desktop PC environments through the DRV-CS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ubiquitous Green IT System for Sustainable Computing)

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1820 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Estimation of Real-Time Flood Risk on Roads Based on Rainfall Calculated by the Revised Method of Missing Rainfall

by Eunmi Kim, Ilkyeun Ra, Kyung Hyun Rhee and Chang Soo Kim

Sustainability 2014, 6(9), 6418-6431; https://doi.org/10.3390/su6096418 - 18 Sep 2014

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6031

Abstract

Recently, flood damage by frequent localized downpours in cities is on the increase on account of abnormal climate phenomena and the growth of impermeable areas due to urbanization. This study suggests a method to estimate real-time flood risk on roads for drivers based [...] Read more.

Recently, flood damage by frequent localized downpours in cities is on the increase on account of abnormal climate phenomena and the growth of impermeable areas due to urbanization. This study suggests a method to estimate real-time flood risk on roads for drivers based on the accumulated rainfall. The amount of rainfall of a road link, which is an intensive type, is calculated by using the revised method of missing rainfall in meteorology, because the rainfall is not measured on roads directly. To process in real time with a computer, we use the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method, which is a suitable method in the computing system and is commonly used in relation to precipitation due to its simplicity. With real-time accumulated rainfall, the flooding history, rainfall range causing flooding from previous rainfall information and frequency probability of precipitation are used to determine the flood risk on roads. The result of simulation using the suggested algorithms shows the high concordance rate between actual flooded areas in the past and flooded areas derived from the simulation for the research region in Busan, Korea. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ubiquitous Green IT System for Sustainable Computing)

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930 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Light-Weight Metering File System for Sustainable Real-Time Meter Data Management

by Gangman Yi, Seok-Jun Choi and Kwang-il Hwang

Sustainability 2014, 6(9), 6351-6361; https://doi.org/10.3390/su6096351 - 15 Sep 2014

Viewed by 5243

Abstract

A real-time smart metering system has strict requirements, since every piece of data gathered from various meters every hour is of importance, and each component consisting of metering infrastructure should be sustainable. Therefore, it is necessary to efficiently manage the meter data set [...] Read more.

A real-time smart metering system has strict requirements, since every piece of data gathered from various meters every hour is of importance, and each component consisting of metering infrastructure should be sustainable. Therefore, it is necessary to efficiently manage the meter data set in smart metering networks as well as in a server. Therefore, we propose a dedicated file system, a LIght-weight Metering File System (LIMFS), which is capable of not only efficiently storing and searching meter data but also performing distributed fault-tolerant meter data management for real-time smart meter devices. The proposed LIMFS exploits accumulated data sliding storage (ADSS) for lost data recovery and latest-first error-ignorant data management (LEDM) to reduce memory wastage, coping with dynamic report interval. Experimental results demonstrate that LIMFS has as a small enough overhead to be considered negligible, and provides flexible memory capacity according to dynamic report interval, in spite of lost data recovery functionality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ubiquitous Green IT System for Sustainable Computing)

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1528 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bitmap-Wise Wireless M-Bus Coordination for Sustainable Real Time Energy Management

by Kwang-il Hwang and Sung-wook Nam

Sustainability 2014, 6(7), 4326-4338; https://doi.org/10.3390/su6074326 - 14 Jul 2014

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 6148

Abstract

Even though WM-Bus is being considered to be the most promising network protocol for smart metering, it is not suitable for a sustainable real-time home energy management system (HEMS), which requires higher reliability and longer lifetime despite real time bi-directional communications. Therefore, in [...] Read more.

Even though WM-Bus is being considered to be the most promising network protocol for smart metering, it is not suitable for a sustainable real-time home energy management system (HEMS), which requires higher reliability and longer lifetime despite real time bi-directional communications. Therefore, in this paper we propose a Bitmap-wise WM-Bus (BWM-Bus), coping well with sustainable real-time HEMS. In particular, the proposed scheme addresses the several problems in WM-Bus for HEMS by introducing novel functions: asynchronous meter trigger, adaptive slot scheduling, and bitmap-wise retransmission request. Through experiments, we demonstrate that BWM-Bus guarantees higher data success ratio with lower data aggregation time, as well as longer lifetime than WM-Bus standard. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ubiquitous Green IT System for Sustainable Computing)

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