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Symmetry
Special Issues
Medical Imaging and Imaging Modalities
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Medical Imaging and Imaging Modalities

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Computer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2017) | Viewed by 9080

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Sofia Kottou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Medical Physics Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias street, 11527 Athens, Greece
Interests: medical physics; diagnostic radiology; medical imaging; radiation protection; dosimetry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Medical imaging encompasses different imaging modalities and processes to image the human body for diagnostic and treatment purposes, and, therefore, plays an important role in initiatives to improve public health. Effective decisions depend on correct diagnoses. The use of diagnostic imaging services is paramount in confirming, correctly assessing and documenting courses of many diseases, as well as in assessing responses to treatment.

Medical imaging incorporates:

  • Conventional X-ray radiography
  • Fluoroscopy
  • Angiography
  • Mammography
  • Computed Tomography
  • Ultrasound and Ultrasound/Doppler
  • Magnetic resonance Imaging
  • Nuclear Medicine (gammna camera scintigraphy, positron emission tomography - PET and single photon emission computed tomography—SPECT)
  • Fusion imaging (whole-body MRI and whole-body CT, PET-CT, PET-MRI)
  • Endoscopy
  • Medical photography
  • Elastography
  • Tactile imaging
  • Thermography

Measurement and recording techniques, which are not primarily designed to produce images, such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), electrocardiography (ECG), represent technologies that produce data susceptible to representation as a parameter graph vs. time or maps which contain data vs. locations. These kinds of technologies could also be considered as forms of medical imaging.

Imaging for medical purposes involves a team which includes radiologists, X-ray technologists, ultrasound technologists, medical physicists, nurses, biomedical engineers, and other support staff, working together to optimize the wellbeing of patients. Appropriate use of medical imaging requires a multidisciplinary approach.

With improved technology and increasing availability of medical equipment, the number and efficiency of global imaging-based procedures is increasing considerably. Effective, safe, and high-quality imaging is important for much medical decision-making and can reduce unnecessary procedures. Scientific papers to highlight the subjects of modern medical imaging and its potential would be a serious aid for the optimization of the human health.

Prof. Sofia Kottou
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 5780 KiB  
Article
Electroencephalogram Similarity Analysis Using Temporal and Spectral Dynamics Analysis for Propofol and Desflurane Induced Unconsciousness
by Quan Liu, Li Ma, Shou-Zen Fan, Maysam F. Abbod and Jiann-Shing Shieh
Symmetry 2018, 10(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10010015 - 04 Jan 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5052
Abstract
Important information about the state dynamics of the brain during anesthesia is unraveled by Electroencephalogram (EEG) approaches. Patterns that are observed through EEG related to neural circuit mechanism under different molecular targets dependent anesthetics have recently attracted much attention. Propofol, a Gamma-amino butyric [...] Read more.
Important information about the state dynamics of the brain during anesthesia is unraveled by Electroencephalogram (EEG) approaches. Patterns that are observed through EEG related to neural circuit mechanism under different molecular targets dependent anesthetics have recently attracted much attention. Propofol, a Gamma-amino butyric acid, is known with evidently increasing alpha oscillation. Desflurane shares the same receptor action and should be similar to propofol. To explore their dynamics, EEG under routine surgery level anesthetic depth is analyzed using multitaper spectral method from two groups: propofol (n = 28) and desflurane (n = 23). The time-varying spectrum comparison was undertaken to characterize their properties. Results show that both of the agents are dominated by slow and alpha waves. Especially, for increased alpha band feature, propofol unconsciousness shows maximum power at about 10 Hz (mean ± SD; frequency: 10.2 ± 1.4 Hz; peak power, −14.0 ± 1.6 dB), while it is approximate about 8 Hz (mean ± SD; frequency: 8.3 ± 1.3 Hz; peak power, −13.8 ± 1.6 dB) for desflurane with significantly lower frequency-resolved spectra for this band. In addition, the mean power of propofol is much higher from alpha to gamma band, including slow oscillation than that of desflurane. The patterns might give us an EEG biomarker for specific anesthetic. This study suggests that both of the anesthetics exhibit similar spectral dynamics, which could provide insight into some common neural circuit mechanism. However, differences between them also indicate their uniqueness where relevant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Imaging and Imaging Modalities)
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203 KiB  
Article
The Choice of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents: A Radiologist’s Responsibility between Pharmaceutical Equivalence and Bioethical Issues
by Gaia Cartocci, Alessandro Santurro, Raffaele La Russa, Giuseppe Guglielmi, Paola Frati and Vittorio Fineschi
Symmetry 2017, 9(11), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym9110287 - 22 Nov 2017
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3475
Abstract
Contrast Agents (CA) are among the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide, and are used, with a variety of techniques, to increase and intensify the differences between body tissues and to help radiologist make diagnoses in a fast and precise way. In recent decades, [...] Read more.
Contrast Agents (CA) are among the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide, and are used, with a variety of techniques, to increase and intensify the differences between body tissues and to help radiologist make diagnoses in a fast and precise way. In recent decades, advancements in research have resulted in significant improvements in their composition, and have made them safer and better-tolerated by patients; this notwithstanding, although the currently available CA are generally considered to be safe, their use is not completely without risk. The use of CA faces the radiologist with economic considerations, bioethical dilemmas, and possible profiles of professional responsibility. In fact, to achieve the best results in diagnostic imaging, radiologists have to focus on making an appropriate choice of CA, in consideration of efficacy, safety and appropriateness. Moreover, besides by cost/benefit models widely introduced in health management, radiologists are also influenced by their responsibility of appropriate use for the various diagnostic tests and, finally, the choice of best CA to utilise for each individual patient. Thus, the dilemma of choosing between the best and the most cost-effective tests and procedures is occurring more frequently every day. Different variables, such as the patient, examinations, and technology available, can affect the choice of CA in terms of obtaining the highest diagnostic quality, minimum impact on higher-risk patients, and optimisation of used volumes and injection flows. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Imaging and Imaging Modalities)
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