Research

16 pages, 3461 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Intelligent Supply Chain Information System Based on Internet of Things Technology under Asymmetric Information

by Yunshan Zhou and Xiangjun Xu

Symmetry 2019, 11(5), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11050656 - 10 May 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3285

The hardware and software designed in the traditional supply chain system lack cooperation in the transmission process, have low efficiency, and lead to a large amount of information distortion.In response to this problem, this paper proposes an intelligent supply chain information system based [...] Read more.

The hardware and software designed in the traditional supply chain system lack cooperation in the transmission process, have low efficiency, and lead to a large amount of information distortion.In response to this problem, this paper proposes an intelligent supply chain information system based on the Internet of Things technology. The research focuses on the hardware and software of the system. The hardware part consists of the embedded processor CS89712, Flash7861 memory, Ethernet, touch screen, and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). The software system is based on asymmetric information theory design and is divided into signal acquisition, input signal detection, interference signal processing, and power signal output. The experimental results show that it is compared with the traditional supply chain information system. The designed system seamlessly integrates the hardware and software components to achieve maximum information supply in the shortest amount of time. The power supply capacity is four times that of the traditional system, and the node coverage is high. When the number of data nodes is 120, the traditional supply chain system is basically unable to supply, but the supply accuracy of the intelligent supply chain is still as high as 48%. The research in this paper has certain guiding significance for intelligent technology development, supply chain system design, and enterprise information exchange. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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20 pages, 537 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Calculating Hausdorff Dimension in Higher Dimensional Spaces

by Manuel Fernández-Martínez, Juan Luis García Guirao and Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Granero

Symmetry 2019, 11(4), 564; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11040564 - 18 Apr 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2866

Abstract

In this paper, we prove the identity

\dim_{H} (F) = d \cdot \dim_{H} (α^{- 1} (F))

, where

\dim_{H}

denotes Hausdorff dimension,

F \subseteq R^{d}

, and [...] Read more.

In this paper, we prove the identity

\dim_{H} (F) = d \cdot \dim_{H} (α^{- 1} (F))

, where

\dim_{H}

denotes Hausdorff dimension,

F \subseteq R^{d}

, and

α : [0, 1] \to {[0, 1]}^{d}

is a function whose constructive definition is addressed from the viewpoint of the powerful concept of a fractal structure. Such a result stands particularly from some other results stated in a more general setting. Thus, Hausdorff dimension of higher dimensional subsets can be calculated from Hausdorff dimension of 1-dimensional subsets of

[0, 1]

. As a consequence, Hausdorff dimension becomes available to deal with the effective calculation of the fractal dimension in applications by applying a procedure contributed by the authors in previous works. It is also worth pointing out that our results generalize both Skubalska-Rafajłowicz and García-Mora-Redtwitz theorems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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18 pages, 4172 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Power-Law Distribution of Natural Visibility Graphs from Reaction Times Series

by Ainara Mira-Iglesias, Esperanza Navarro-Pardo and J. Alberto Conejero

Symmetry 2019, 11(4), 563; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11040563 - 18 Apr 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3614

Abstract

In this study, we analyze the response times of students to yes/no decision tasks from the perspective of network science. We analyze the properties of the natural visibility graphs (NVG) associated with their reaction time series. We observe that the degree distribution of [...] Read more.

In this study, we analyze the response times of students to yes/no decision tasks from the perspective of network science. We analyze the properties of the natural visibility graphs (NVG) associated with their reaction time series. We observe that the degree distribution of these graphs usually fits a power-law distribution

p (x) = x^{- α}

. We study the range in which parameter

α

occurs and the changes of this exponent with respect to the age and gender of the students. In addition to this, we also study the links between the parameter

α

and the parameters of the ex-Gaussian distribution that best fit the response times for each subject. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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14 pages, 1575 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Basketball Action Data Processing Method Based on Mode Symmetric Algorithm

by Fei Zhang and Yi Jiang

Symmetry 2019, 11(4), 560; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11040560 - 18 Apr 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3232

Abstract

In the course of basketball training, a large number of basketball action data are generated according to the athletes’ body movements. Due to the low precision of the basketball action data processed by the traditional method in basketball technical training, basketball action processing [...] Read more.

In the course of basketball training, a large number of basketball action data are generated according to the athletes’ body movements. Due to the low precision of the basketball action data processed by the traditional method in basketball technical training, basketball action processing is not in place. The basketball motion data processing method, based on the mode symmetric algorithm was studied. The basketball motion detection algorithm based on symmetric difference and background reduction was used to remove the background influence of basketball movement and obtain the binary basketball action target image containing the data. On this basis, the pole symmetric mode decomposition (ESMD) method was used to modally decompose the binary basketball action target image containing the data, and the least squares method was used to optimize the elliptic (AGM) curve to realize the screening of basketball action modal data. Through the cleaning and integration of basketball action modal data, integration and data reduction basketball action modal data, the data was processed efficiently. The experimental results showed that the proposed method was a high precision and high efficiency basketball action data processing method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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19 pages, 4568 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Edge Detection Algorithm of a Symmetric Difference Kernel SAR Image Based on the GAN Network Model

by Ziwen Zhang, Yijun Liu, Tie Liu, Yang Li and Wujian Ye

Symmetry 2019, 11(4), 557; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11040557 - 17 Apr 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3411

Abstract

The symmetrical difference kernel SAR image edge detection algorithm based on the Canny operator can usually achieve effective edge detection of a single view image. When detecting a multi-view SAR image edge, it has the disadvantage of a low detection accuracy. An edge [...] Read more.

The symmetrical difference kernel SAR image edge detection algorithm based on the Canny operator can usually achieve effective edge detection of a single view image. When detecting a multi-view SAR image edge, it has the disadvantage of a low detection accuracy. An edge detection algorithm for a symmetric difference nuclear SAR image based on the GAN network model is proposed. Multi-view data of a symmetric difference nuclear SAR image are generated by the GAN network model. According to the results of multi-view data generation, an edge detection model for an arbitrary direction symmetric difference nuclear SAR image is constructed. A non-edge is eliminated by edge post-processing. The Hough transform is used to calculate the edge direction to realize the accurate detection of the edge of the SAR image. The experimental results show that the average classification accuracy of the proposed algorithm is 93.8%, 96.85% of the detection edges coincide with the correct edges, and 97.08% of the detection edges fall into the buffer of three pixel widths, whichshows that the proposed algorithm has a high accuracy of edge detection for kernel SAR images. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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20 pages, 1752 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem—Predictive and Unexpected Customer Availability

by Edyta Kucharska

Symmetry 2019, 11(4), 546; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11040546 - 15 Apr 2019

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 15454

Abstract

The Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem (DVRP) is one of the most important problems in the area of enterprise logistics. DVRP problems involve these dynamics: the appearance of customers, travel times, service times, or vehicle availability. One of the most often considered aspects of [...] Read more.

The Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem (DVRP) is one of the most important problems in the area of enterprise logistics. DVRP problems involve these dynamics: the appearance of customers, travel times, service times, or vehicle availability. One of the most often considered aspects of the DVRP is the availability of customers, in which a part or all of the customers are revealed dynamically during the design or execution of the routes. A classification of the DVRP problem due to various elements causing dynamism is proposed. The aim of the paper is to distinguish dynamic VRP, which takes into account the dynamic appearance of customers to serve during the design or execution of the routes. In particular, the difference between the predictive and unexpected aspects of the customer’s availability is considered. Above all, the variant of customer’s availability which is predicted according to an appropriate general rule is modeled using the algebraic-logical meta-model (ALMM). It is a methodology which enables making collective decisions in successive process stages, not separately for individual vehicles. The algebraic-logical model of the dynamic vehicle routing problem with predicted consumer availability is proposed. The paper shows the possibilities of applying the ALMM approach to dynamic problems both with predicted and unexpected customer availability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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11 pages, 235 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Effective Global Optimization Algorithm for Quadratic Programs with Quadratic Constraints

by Dongwei Shi, Jingben Yin and Chunyang Bai

Symmetry 2019, 11(3), 424; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030424 - 22 Mar 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2669

Abstract

This paper will present an effective algorithm for globally solving quadratic programs with quadratic constraints. In this algorithm, we propose a new linearization method for establishing the linear programming relaxation problem of quadratic programs with quadratic constraints. The proposed algorithm converges with the [...] Read more.

This paper will present an effective algorithm for globally solving quadratic programs with quadratic constraints. In this algorithm, we propose a new linearization method for establishing the linear programming relaxation problem of quadratic programs with quadratic constraints. The proposed algorithm converges with the global optimal solution of the initial problem, and numerical experiments show the computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

16 pages, 1321 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fast Retrieval Method of Forestry Information Features Based on Symmetry Function in Communication Network

by Hui Wang and Jie Song

Symmetry 2019, 11(3), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030416 - 21 Mar 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2829

Abstract

Aiming at the problem of insufficient integration and sharing of forestry information resources under the current communication network and the lack of the concept set of forestry information attributes, which leads to poor information retrieval performance, a fast retrieval method of forestry information [...] Read more.

Aiming at the problem of insufficient integration and sharing of forestry information resources under the current communication network and the lack of the concept set of forestry information attributes, which leads to poor information retrieval performance, a fast retrieval method of forestry information features based on symmetry function is studied in depth, and the method is implemented by PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)-BA (Buliding Automation). Using the SED (Stream Editor) forestry information acquisition method under a communication network to collect forestry information, a forestry signal noise cancellation method based on symmetric function method is obtained. In order to improve the accuracy of forestry information acquisition, denoising of the signal in the information was carried out. Constructing forestry information data ontology, integrating forestry resources, establishing a conceptual set of forestry information attributes, distinguishing forestry information attributes, establishing a fast retrieval model of forestry information features based on the synonym library, and completing the fast retrieval of forestry information features. The experimental results show that the recall and precision of this method are 99.25% and 99.24%, respectively, and the retrieval performance is superior, which has a certain application value. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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16 pages, 1883 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Feature Extraction Method of Transmission Signal in Electronic Communication Network Based on Symmetric Algorithm

by Dingyu Song

Symmetry 2019, 11(3), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030410 - 20 Mar 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2644

Abstract

Because the existing methods extract the signal characteristics of electronic communication networks, there is a problem of poor extraction. In this paper, a feature extraction method based on symmetric algorithm for transmission signals in electronic communication networks is proposed. The transmission signal in [...] Read more.

Because the existing methods extract the signal characteristics of electronic communication networks, there is a problem of poor extraction. In this paper, a feature extraction method based on symmetric algorithm for transmission signals in electronic communication networks is proposed. The transmission signal in the time domain is decomposed by three-layer wavelet packet decomposition through threshold denoising and data dimension reduction. The adaptive floating threshold is used as a threshold to quantify the wavelet coefficients of the signal, which can effectively remove noise while retaining valuable transmission signal. Secondly, the feature extraction algorithm based on symmetric Holder coefficient is used to transform the transmitted signal from time domain to frequency domain, identify the signal sequence, and classify the signal sequence using neural network classifier. The simulation results show that the proposed method can extract the transmission signal of electronic communication network with the highest accuracy of 98.21%. This method can extract the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the transmission signal accurately under strong vibration environment. It is an efficient method for feature extraction of transmission signal. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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15 pages, 2470 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Key Feature Recognition Algorithm of Network Intrusion Signal Based on Neural Network and Support Vector Machine

by Kai Ye

Symmetry 2019, 11(3), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030380 - 14 Mar 2019

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2819

Abstract

When identifying the key features of the network intrusion signal based on the GA-RBF algorithm (using the genetic algorithm to optimize the radial basis) to identify the key features of the network intrusion signal, the pre-processing process of the network intrusion signal data [...] Read more.

When identifying the key features of the network intrusion signal based on the GA-RBF algorithm (using the genetic algorithm to optimize the radial basis) to identify the key features of the network intrusion signal, the pre-processing process of the network intrusion signal data is neglected, resulting in an increase in network signal data noise, reducing the accuracy of key feature recognition. Therefore, a key feature recognition algorithm for network intrusion signals based on neural network and support vector machine is proposed. The principal component neural network (PCNN) is used to extract the characteristics of the network intrusion signal and the support vector machine multi-classifier is constructed. The feature extraction result is input into the support vector machine classifier. Combined with PCNN and SVM (Support Vector Machine) algorithms, the key features of network intrusion signals are identified. The experimental results show that the algorithm has the advantages of high precision, low false positive rate and the recognition time of key features of R2L (it is a common way of network intrusion attack) data set is only 3.18 ms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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14 pages, 2291 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dynamic Constitutive Model Analysis of High Parameter Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

by Dong Luo

Symmetry 2019, 11(3), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030377 - 14 Mar 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2947

Abstract

The traditional Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) constitutive model does not consider the effect of crack resistance, reinforcement and toughening effect of high parameter steel fiber on original concrete. The causes of the analysis effect of the high parameter reinforced concrete is not obvious. To address [...] Read more.

The traditional Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) constitutive model does not consider the effect of crack resistance, reinforcement and toughening effect of high parameter steel fiber on original concrete. The causes of the analysis effect of the high parameter reinforced concrete is not obvious. To address this problem, a dynamic constitutive model of high parameter steel fiber reinforced concrete is built in this paper. Based on the static constitutive model built by static force, a dynamic constitutive model is built based on the similarity between static and dynamic stress-strain curve. On this basis, the yield surface equation, state equation, and damage evolution equation of HJC constitutive model are constructed. An improved HJC constitutive model for high parameter steel fiber reinforced concrete is obtained by introducing the modification of the steel fiber reinforced, toughened, and strain rate effects into the HJC constitutive model. Dynamic analysis of high parameter steel fiber reinforced concrete is achieved by using the improved model. Experimental results show that the proposed model is effective in analyzing high parameter concrete and has strong applicability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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11 pages, 2052 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Conceptual Verification of Integrated Heterogeneous Network Based on 5G Millimeter Wave Use in Gymnasium

by Wanlin Yang

Symmetry 2019, 11(3), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030376 - 14 Mar 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2514

Abstract

Aiming at the problem that the optical link may be too expensive or even impossible to achieve in a large number of locations in the central part of the backhaul line, the proof-of-concept (PoC) verification of a millimeter-wave integrated heterogeneous network (HetNet) is [...] Read more.

Aiming at the problem that the optical link may be too expensive or even impossible to achieve in a large number of locations in the central part of the backhaul line, the proof-of-concept (PoC) verification of a millimeter-wave integrated heterogeneous network (HetNet) is proposed. HetNet includes a traditional macrocell network and a new small unit that uses a millimeter wave for backhaul line and link access. The concept of a segmentation control plane and user plane was introduced. In the HetNet integrated millimeter wave, the control plane and the user plane were segmented to support the uninterrupted connection and enhance the capacity of the millimeter wave small base station. Millimeter wave communication could be used not only for access links, but also for wireless backhaul links, which will facilitate the installation of small millimeter wave cells. Through conceptual verification (PoC), the feasibility of millimeter-wave integrated HetNet prototype with millimeter wave technology used for return lines and link access is proved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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11 pages, 1948 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Saturation Control of Uncertain Time-Delay Systems with Actuator Saturation Constraints

by Hejun Yao

Symmetry 2019, 11(3), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030375 - 13 Mar 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2285

Abstract

The problem of anti-saturation control for a class of time-delay systems with actuator saturation is considered in this paper. By introducing appropriate variable substitution, a new delay time-delay systems model with actuator saturation systems is established. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the [...] Read more.

The problem of anti-saturation control for a class of time-delay systems with actuator saturation is considered in this paper. By introducing appropriate variable substitution, a new delay time-delay systems model with actuator saturation systems is established. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the stability condition and the anti-saturation controller design method are obtained by using the linear matrix inequality approach. By introducing the matrix into the Lyapunov function, the proposed conditions are less conservative than the previous results. Finally, a simulation example shows the validity and rationality of the method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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13 pages, 266 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bayesian Methods of Representative Values of Variable Actions

by Xudong Wang and Jitao Yao

Symmetry 2019, 11(3), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030346 - 07 Mar 2019

Viewed by 1691

Abstract

In engineering practice, it is sometimes necessary to infer the representative value of variable action under the condition that the test data is insufficient, but the classical statistics methods adopted now do not take into account the influences of statistical uncertainty, and the [...] Read more.

In engineering practice, it is sometimes necessary to infer the representative value of variable action under the condition that the test data is insufficient, but the classical statistics methods adopted now do not take into account the influences of statistical uncertainty, and the inferring results are always small, especially when characteristic and frequent values are inferred. Variable actions usually obey a type I maximum distribution, so the linear regression estimation of the tantile of type I minimum distribution can be employed to infer their characteristic and frequent values. However, it is inconvenient to apply and cannot totally meet the demands of characteristic and frequent values inference. Applying Jeffreys non-informative prior distribution, Bayesian methods for inferring characteristic and frequent values of variable actions are put forward, including that with known standard deviation, which could yield more advantageous results. The methods proposed are convenient and flexible, possessing good precision. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

10 pages, 263 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Distributional Chaoticity of C₀-Semigroup on a Frechet Space

by Tianxiu Lu, Anwar Waseem and Xiao Tang

Symmetry 2019, 11(3), 345; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030345 - 07 Mar 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2076

Abstract

This paper is mainly concerned with distributional chaos and the principal measure of

C_{0}

-semigroups on a Frechet space. New definitions of strong irregular (semi-irregular) vectors are given. It is proved that if

C_{0}

-semigroup

T

has strong irregular vectors, then [...] Read more.

This paper is mainly concerned with distributional chaos and the principal measure of

C_{0}

-semigroups on a Frechet space. New definitions of strong irregular (semi-irregular) vectors are given. It is proved that if

C_{0}

-semigroup

T

has strong irregular vectors, then

T

is distributional chaos in a sequence, and the principal measure

μ_{p} (T)

is 1. Moreover,

T

is distributional chaos equivalent to that operator

T_{t}

is distributional chaos for every

\forall t > 0

. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

15 pages, 1268 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Feature Input Symmetry Algorithm of Multi-Modal Natural Language Library Based on BP Neural Network

by Hao Lin

Symmetry 2019, 11(3), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030341 - 07 Mar 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2674

Abstract

When using traditional knowledge retrieval algorithms to analyze whether the feature input of words in multi-modal natural language library is symmetrical, the symmetry of words cannot be analyzed, resulting in inaccurate analysis results. A feature input symmetric algorithm of multi-modal natural language library [...] Read more.

When using traditional knowledge retrieval algorithms to analyze whether the feature input of words in multi-modal natural language library is symmetrical, the symmetry of words cannot be analyzed, resulting in inaccurate analysis results. A feature input symmetric algorithm of multi-modal natural language library based on BP (back propagation) neural network is proposed in this paper. A Chinese abstract generation method based on multi-modal neural network is used to extract Chinese abstracts from images in multi-modal natural language library. The Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) Model is constructed by the BP neural network. After the word or text disambiguation is performed on the Chinese abstract in the multi-modal natural language library, the feature input symmetry problem in the multi-modal natural language library is analyzed according to the sentence similarity. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively analyze the eigenvalue symmetry problem of the multi-modal natural language library. The maximum error rate of the analysis algorithm is 7%, the growth rate of the analysis speed is up to 50%, and the average analysis time is 540.56 s. It has the advantages of small error and high efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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16 pages, 582 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adoption Intention of Fintech Services for Bank Users: An Empirical Examination with an Extended Technology Acceptance Model

by Zhongqing Hu, Shuai Ding, Shizheng Li, Luting Chen and Shanlin Yang

Symmetry 2019, 11(3), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030340 - 07 Mar 2019

Cited by 239 | Viewed by 31163

Abstract

Along with the development of Fintech, many scholars have studied how information technology is applied to financial services with a focus on extended methods for application. Few scholars have studied the influence mechanism behind the adoption of Fintech services. This paper proposes an [...] Read more.

Along with the development of Fintech, many scholars have studied how information technology is applied to financial services with a focus on extended methods for application. Few scholars have studied the influence mechanism behind the adoption of Fintech services. This paper proposes an improved technology acceptance model (TAM) that incorporates user innovativeness, government support, brand image, and perceived risk as determinants of trust to investigate how users adopt Fintech services. We designed a questionnaire, sent it to active customers of the Hefei Science and Technology Rural Commercial Bank, and obtained 387 eligible responses. We analyzed the data with a structural equation model (SEM) to test the hypotheses, including the relationships of all latent variables. The results reveal that users’ trust in Fintech services has a very significant influence on users’ attitudes for adoption. In addition, perceived ease of use and perceived risk does not affect users’ attitudes toward the adoption regarding Fintech services. This study contributes to the literature of the adoption of Fintech services by providing a more comprehensive view of the determinants of users’ attitudes by combining trust of Fintech services with TAM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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13 pages, 2497 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Transmission of Project Duration and Cost Impacts Based on the GERT Network Technique

by Zhiyong Li, Xiangtian Nie, Bo Wang and Tianyu Fan

Symmetry 2019, 11(3), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11030337 - 06 Mar 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2695

Abstract

In engineering projects, project duration and a cost increase occur in every phase and will propagate their impacts downstream. Associated with the compensation of project duration, the duration and cost impacts are transferred among phases. In this paper, after illustrating the transmission of [...] Read more.

In engineering projects, project duration and a cost increase occur in every phase and will propagate their impacts downstream. Associated with the compensation of project duration, the duration and cost impacts are transferred among phases. In this paper, after illustrating the transmission of project duration and cost impacts, we will use the risk transmission theory and GERT (Graphic Evaluation and Review Technique) network technique to build a transmission model. We have designed equivalent parameters of project duration and cost impacts in the GERT model for serial, parallel, and hybrid structures. The algorithm of the GERT network for project cost and duration transmission is analyzed. The effectiveness of this model and algorithm is proved by numerical examples. This paper provides a new analytical method for cost and duration control of engineering projects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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15 pages, 832 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On the Symmetry of the Bone Structure Density over the Nasopalatine Foramen via Accurate Fractal Dimension Analysis

by Michael M. Bornstein, Manuel Fernández-Martínez, Juan L. G. Guirao, Francisco J. Gómez-García, Yolanda Guerrero-Sánchez and Pía López-Jornet

Symmetry 2019, 11(2), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11020202 - 11 Feb 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2404

Abstract

The objective of the present paper is to describe all the anatomical considerations surrounding the nasopalatine foramen by relating them to the study of bone structure density via an accurate fractal dimension analysis in that area. We consecutively selected a sample of 130 [...] Read more.

The objective of the present paper is to describe all the anatomical considerations surrounding the nasopalatine foramen by relating them to the study of bone structure density via an accurate fractal dimension analysis in that area. We consecutively selected a sample of 130 patients, all of them with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images performed for treatment needs. We chose a specific window (ROI), which coincides with an axial cut at the level of the anterior nasal spine. Different anthropometric measurements were analyzed and a novel fractal dimension analysis was performed. Our sample consisted of 130 patients and was divided into two groups: group one (consisting of 65 subjects without loss of teeth) and group two (consisting of 65 patients with the absence of some teeth). In the sample, 52.31% were women (68 people). Mann–Whitney tests were applied to obtain the statistical results. The mean age of the patients in that sample was

53.67

years with a standard deviation of

8.20

years. We conclude that fractal dimension, a mathematical invariant, behaves symmetrically for binary images from the CBCT scanners of each subject of our sample of study. We also conclude that there were no significant differences between all the anthropometric measures used neither in the subjects themselves nor in the different groups. Therefore, some patterns of symmetry were appreciated at a complete range of levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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12 pages, 279 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Periodic Orbits of Third Kind in the Zonal J₂ + J₃ Problem

by M. Teresa de Bustos, Antonio Fernández, Miguel A. López, Raquel Martínez and Juan A. Vera

Symmetry 2019, 11(1), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11010111 - 18 Jan 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2662

Abstract

In this work, the periodic orbits’ phase portrait of the zonal

J_{2} + J_{3}

problem is studied. In particular, we center our attention on the periodic orbits of the third kind in the Poincaré sense using the averaging theory of dynamical [...] Read more.

In this work, the periodic orbits’ phase portrait of the zonal

J_{2} + J_{3}

problem is studied. In particular, we center our attention on the periodic orbits of the third kind in the Poincaré sense using the averaging theory of dynamical systems. We find three families of polar periodic orbits and four families of inclined periodic orbits for which we are able to state their explicit expressions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

41 pages, 35351 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Long Time Behavior and Global Dynamics of Simplified Von Karman Plate Without Rotational Inertia Driven by White Noise

by Huatao Chen, Dengqing Cao, Jingfei Jiang and Xiaoming Fan

Symmetry 2018, 10(8), 315; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10080315 - 01 Aug 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2613

Abstract

Without the assumption that the coefficient of weak damping is large enough, the existence of the global random attractors for simplified Von Karman plate without rotational inertia driven by either additive white noise or multiplicative white noise are proved. Instead of the classical [...] Read more.

Without the assumption that the coefficient of weak damping is large enough, the existence of the global random attractors for simplified Von Karman plate without rotational inertia driven by either additive white noise or multiplicative white noise are proved. Instead of the classical splitting method, the techniques to verify the asymptotic compactness rely on stabilization estimation of the system. Furthermore, a clear relationship between in-plane components of the external force that act on the edge of the plate and the expectation of radius of the global random attractors can be obtained from the theoretical results. Based on the relationship between global random attractor and random probability invariant measure, the global dynamics of the plates are analyzed numerically. With increasing the in-plane components of the external force that act on the edge of the plate, global

D

-bifurcation, secondary global

D

-bifurcation and complex local dynamical behavior occur in motion of the system. Moreover, increasing the intensity of white noise leads to the dynamical behavior becoming simple. The results on global dynamics reveal that random snap-through which seems to be a complex dynamics intuitively is essentially a simple dynamical behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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13 pages, 522 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating Water Use Efficiency in China’s Western Provinces Based on a Slacks-Based Measure (SBM)-Undesirable Window Model and a Malmquist Productivity Index

by Yuyan Luo, Lu Yin, Yong Qin, Zhong Wang and Yanfeng Gong

Symmetry 2018, 10(8), 301; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10080301 - 31 Jul 2018

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2857

Abstract

This paper evaluated the water use efficiency in 12 Chinese western provinces from 2005 to 2015. Based on data availability and the index selection rationality and the slacks-based measure (SBM)-undesirable Window analysis model and the Malmquist productivity index, the water resource inputs and [...] Read more.

This paper evaluated the water use efficiency in 12 Chinese western provinces from 2005 to 2015. Based on data availability and the index selection rationality and the slacks-based measure (SBM)-undesirable Window analysis model and the Malmquist productivity index, the water resource inputs and outputs were measured to analyze water use efficiency. Total investment in fixed assets for the whole society and total water, made up of total agricultural water, total industrial water, and total domestic water, were used as the input indexes, and regional GDP and waste water discharge were the output indexes, with the waste water discharge being regarded as an undesirable output. The data from different years and different provinces in the same period, and data from the same year and the same provinces in different periods were compared in order to derive the water resource efficiency and technical changes over time and space. It was found that the total water resource factor productivity in the 12 provinces grew slowly in the study period, that water resource technical progress positively affected water use efficiency, and that a lack of technical efficiency restricted water use efficiency growth. Several suggestions are given to optimize water use efficiency in the 12 provinces. The research findings and suggestions provide valuable reference for studies in related fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Dynamics)

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