Particulate matter exposure and health effects

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2019)

Special Issue Editor

Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
Interests: phthalates; bisphenol-A; plasticizers; microplastics; environment; human health; endocrine disruptors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During these last years, the World Health Organization (WHO) has repeatedly raised the alarm about the close relationship between exposure to particulate matter (PM) and premature deaths worldwide. This alarm is as much stronger as the particle diameter are small, even submicrometer or ultrafine particles (UFPs) (< 100 nm). Further, the topic is even more complicated because PM is a very complex mixture of hazard compounds adsorbed on it and liquid droplets that get into the air (reactions in heterogeneous phase). The size of particles is directly linked to their potential for causing health problems. Once inhaled, these particles can affect the heart and lungs and cause serious health effects (e.g., premature death in people with heart or lung disease, irregular hearthbeat, asthma, decreased lung function, irritation of the airways, coughing or difficulty breathing), especially in sensitive sub-populations, such as newborns, infants, and older adults.

This Special Issue would like to deepen the relatioship between exposure to PM, particularly submicrometer and UFPs, and the aim of understanding the mechanisms allowing the rise in hearth/pulmonary pathologies. The use of models to assess both lung depositions and the risks related to exposure is welcome, as well as studies performed outdoor or indoor (both residential or working/industrial).

Prof. Pasquale Avino
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Particulate matter
  • Ultrafine particle
  • Behavior
  • Exposure
  • Human health effect
  • Deposition
  • Lung
  • Surfactant
  • Deposition model
  • Risk

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1954 KiB  
Article
Meta-Analysis of NOS3 G894T Polymorphisms with Air Pollution on the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease Worldwide
by Robin Johns, Zhao-Feng Chen, Lufei Young, Flordelis Delacruz, Nien-Tzu Chang, Chong Ho Yu and S. Pamela K. Shiao
Toxics 2018, 6(3), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics6030044 - 01 Aug 2018
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4446
Abstract
The purpose of this updated meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3) G894T polymorphisms, air pollution and their interaction on ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk across populations worldwide. Recursive partition trees, nonlinear association curve fit and geographic information [...] Read more.
The purpose of this updated meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3) G894T polymorphisms, air pollution and their interaction on ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk across populations worldwide. Recursive partition trees, nonlinear association curve fit and geographic information system maps were incorporated to verify results of conventional pooled analyses for sources of heterogeneity. Results from 61 studies (16,219 cases, 12,222 controls) revealed a significant increased relative risk (RR) of IHD associated with NOS3 894 polymorphisms TT (RR = 1.44) and GT (RR = 1.37). Subgroup analysis revealed that the TT polymorphism genotype had significantly increased risk of IHD in Caucasian, East Asian, South Asian, and Middle Eastern populations (all p < 0.05). It is important to point out that many countries demonstrated an average risk of greater than two, which identifies the NOS3 894 TT polymorphism as a potential causal factor and biological marker of IHD, based on criteria for strong evidence used in international consensus panels. These 10 countries include Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Chile, Japan, South Korea, India, Iran, Egypt and Morocco. For these countries with elevated risk (RR > 2) from the NOS3 894 TT polymorphism, meta-predictive analysis demonstrated an increasing trend in air pollution association with increased NOS3 894 polymorphisms. Further studies are needed to explore the complexity of the associations among NOS3 gene polymorphisms per population stratifications within countries, detailed air pollution data for added specificity for geographic location across time, and disease risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Particulate matter exposure and health effects)
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