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16 pages, 8843 KiB  
Article
Correlation Between Co-Design and Psychological Need Satisfaction Based on fNIRs Hyperscanning
by Yan Li, Junxian Chen and Wu Song
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 2464; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15052464 - 25 Feb 2025
Viewed by 197
Abstract
With the increasing attention paid to user-oriented design and services, the term co-design, a form of user-participatory design, is increasingly mentioned. Previous studies have shown that co-design could better satisfy user needs in process and results, but there are few studies that have [...] Read more.
With the increasing attention paid to user-oriented design and services, the term co-design, a form of user-participatory design, is increasingly mentioned. Previous studies have shown that co-design could better satisfy user needs in process and results, but there are few studies that have been empirically validated through neuroscience methods. Therefore, this study used fNIRS (functional near-infrared spectroscopy) to measure the brain blood oxygen data (HbO2 & Hb) of both “designer” and “user” participants from design and non-design majors during traditional and co-design tasks. The IBS (inter-brain synchronization) between participants was calculated using a wavelet coherence package in Matlab. Research has found significant consistency of DLPFC (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and BROCA (pars triangularis Broca’s area) was observed in both tasks, with more significance observed in co-design tasks, and IBS activation was significantly positively correlated with need satisfaction rate. The results showed that co-design could better activate DLPFC and BROCA brain regions compared to traditional design, which further supports previous research and expands the possibility of collaborative task paradigms. The increase in co-design IBS compared to traditional design also represents better collaborative performance, and could provide empirical evidence for participatory design based on neuroimaging. Full article
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21 pages, 2758 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Cognitive Workload Classification Using Integrated LSTM Layers and CNNs for fNIRS Data Analysis
by Mehshan Ahmed Khan, Houshyar Asadi, Mohammad Reza Chalak Qazani, Adetokunbo Arogbonlo, Siamak Pedrammehr, Adnan Anwar, Hailing Zhou, Lei Wei, Asim Bhatti, Sam Oladazimi, Burhan Khan and Saeid Nahavandi
Computers 2025, 14(2), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14020073 - 17 Feb 2025
Viewed by 232
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is employed as a non-invasive method to monitor functional brain activation by capturing changes in the concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR). Various machine learning classification techniques have been utilized to distinguish cognitive states. However, conventional [...] Read more.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is employed as a non-invasive method to monitor functional brain activation by capturing changes in the concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR). Various machine learning classification techniques have been utilized to distinguish cognitive states. However, conventional machine learning methods, although simpler to implement, undergo a complex pre-processing phase before network training and demonstrate reduced accuracy due to inadequate data preprocessing. Additionally, previous research in cognitive load assessment using fNIRS has predominantly focused on differentiating between two levels of mental workload. These studies mainly aim to classify low and high levels of cognitive load or distinguish between easy and difficult tasks. To address these limitations associated with conventional methods, this paper conducts a comprehensive exploration of the impact of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layers on the effectiveness of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) within deep learning models. This is to address the issues related to spatial feature overfitting and the lack of temporal dependencies in CNNs discussed in the previous studies. By integrating LSTM layers, the model can capture temporal dependencies in the fNIRS data, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of cognitive states. The primary objective is to assess how incorporating LSTM layers enhances the performance of CNNs. The experimental results presented in this paper demonstrate that the integration of LSTM layers with convolutional layers results in an increase in the accuracy of deep learning models from 97.40% to 97.92%. Full article
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18 pages, 13888 KiB  
Article
A Personalized Multimodal BCI–Soft Robotics System for Rehabilitating Upper Limb Function in Chronic Stroke Patients
by Brian Premchand, Zhuo Zhang, Kai Keng Ang, Juanhong Yu, Isaac Okumura Tan, Josephine Pei Wen Lam, Anna Xin Yi Choo, Ananda Sidarta, Patrick Wai Hang Kwong and Lau Ha Chloe Chung
Biomimetics 2025, 10(2), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10020094 - 7 Feb 2025
Viewed by 700
Abstract
Multimodal brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) that combine electrical features from electroencephalography (EEG) and hemodynamic features from functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have the potential to improve performance. In this paper, we propose a multimodal EEG- and fNIRS-based BCI system with soft robotic (BCI-SR) components for [...] Read more.
Multimodal brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) that combine electrical features from electroencephalography (EEG) and hemodynamic features from functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have the potential to improve performance. In this paper, we propose a multimodal EEG- and fNIRS-based BCI system with soft robotic (BCI-SR) components for personalized stroke rehabilitation. We propose a novel method of personalizing rehabilitation by aligning each patient’s specific abilities with the treatment options available. We collected 160 single trials of motor imagery using the multimodal BCI from 10 healthy participants. We identified a confounding effect of respiration in the fNIRS signal data collected. Hence, we propose to incorporate a breathing sensor to synchronize motor imagery (MI) cues with the participant’s respiratory cycle. We found that implementing this respiration synchronization (RS) resulted in less dispersed readings of oxyhemoglobin (HbO). We then conducted a clinical trial on the personalized multimodal BCI-SR for stroke rehabilitation. Four chronic stroke patients were recruited to undergo 6 weeks of rehabilitation, three times per week, whereby the primary outcome was measured using upper-extremity Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (FMA) and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scores on weeks 0, 6, and 12. The results showed a striking coherence in the activation patterns in EEG and fNIRS across all patients. In addition, FMA and ARAT scores were significantly improved on week 12 relative to the pre-trial baseline, with mean gains of 8.75 ± 1.84 and 5.25 ± 2.17, respectively (mean ± SEM). These improvements were all better than the Standard Arm Therapy and BCI-SR group when retrospectively compared to previous clinical trials. These results suggest that personalizing the rehabilitation treatment leads to improved BCI performance compared to standard BCI-SR, and synchronizing motor imagery cues to respiration increased the consistency of HbO levels, leading to better motor imagery performance. These results showed that the proposed multimodal BCI-SR holds promise to better engage stroke patients and promote neuroplasticity for better motor improvements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Brain–Computer Interfaces)
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21 pages, 7142 KiB  
Article
Implicit Measurement of Sweetness Intensity and Affective Value Based on fNIRS
by Jiayu Mai, Siying Li, Zhenbo Wei and Yi Sun
Chemosensors 2025, 13(2), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13020036 - 26 Jan 2025
Viewed by 461
Abstract
This study explores the effectiveness of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as an implicit measurement tool for evaluating sweetness intensity and affective value. Thirty-two participants tasted sucrose solutions at concentrations of 0.15 M, 0.3 M, and 0.6 M, while both their neural responses were [...] Read more.
This study explores the effectiveness of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as an implicit measurement tool for evaluating sweetness intensity and affective value. Thirty-two participants tasted sucrose solutions at concentrations of 0.15 M, 0.3 M, and 0.6 M, while both their neural responses were recorded with a 24-channel fNIRS system and their self-reported assessments of sweetness intensity and affective value were collected. The neural fNIRS data were converted into oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) concentrations using the modified Beer–Lambert Law, and analyzed through univariate activation analysis and multivariable decoding analysis to identify neural activation patterns associated with sweetness perception. The results showed significant activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in response to varying levels of sweetness intensity and affective value, with channels 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 17 consistently activated across all sucrose concentrations. As sweetness concentration increased from 0.15 M to 0.6 M, the number of significantly activated channels rose from seven to eleven, indicating stronger and more widespread neural responses corresponding to higher sweetness intensity. The multivariable decoding analysis further demonstrated the capability of fNIRS in accurately distinguishing positive affective responses, with up to 72.1% accuracy. The moderate positive correlation between explicit self-reports and implicit fNIRS data regarding sweetness intensity further supports the validity of fNIRS as a reliable tool for assessing taste perception. This study highlights the potential of fNIRS in sensory neuroscience, demonstrating its effectiveness in capturing the neural mechanisms underlying sweet taste perception. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements of Chemical and Biosensors in China—2nd Edition)
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15 pages, 1176 KiB  
Article
The Use of Augmented Reality on a Self-Paced Treadmill to Quantify Attention and Footfall Placement Variability in Middle-Aged to Older-Aged Adults with Multiple Sclerosis
by Manuel E. Hernandez, Roee Holtzer, Meltem Izzetoglu and Robert W. Motl
Sclerosis 2025, 3(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/sclerosis3010003 - 17 Jan 2025
Viewed by 596
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Footfall placement variability is associated with falls in older adults and neurological diseases. Thus, the study of dual-task gait impairment in middle-aged to older-aged adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) is clinically relevant, particularly in environments that mimic the obstacles experienced in daily [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Footfall placement variability is associated with falls in older adults and neurological diseases. Thus, the study of dual-task gait impairment in middle-aged to older-aged adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) is clinically relevant, particularly in environments that mimic the obstacles experienced in daily ambulation. Methods: A total of 10 middle-aged to older-aged adults with MS (eight female, mean ± SD age = 56 ± 5 years), 12 healthy older adults (HOAs, nine female, age = 63 ± 4 years), and 10 healthy young adults (HYAs, five female, age = 22 ± 3) were asked to perform cued walking (CW) or obstacle walking (OW) tasks without or with a concurrent backward alphabet recitation task (CWT, OWT), or dual tasks. Gait performance and attentional demands were measured using hit rate, stride velocity, footfall placement bias and variance, and prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenated hemoglobin HbO levels. Results: A significant dual-task condition-by-cohort interaction was seen in footfall placement bias and variance as indicated by a higher footfall placement bias and variance in dual-task vs. single-task conditions seen in HOAs, in comparison to HYAs and adults with MS. Further, a significant walking condition-by-cohort interaction was seen in the HbO levels as indicated by the higher PFC HbO levels seen in OW vs. CW in adults with MS, compared to adults without MS. Conclusions: The decreased accuracy and increased attention in footfall placement to visual cues on the ground observed in adults with MS and HOAs, relative to HYAs, may provide a marker for gait impairment and fall risk in older adults with MS. Full article
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10 pages, 836 KiB  
Article
Prevalence, Molecular Epidemiology, and Clinical Characteristics of Human Bocavirus Among Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis in Northern Brazil During 2017–2022
by Yasmim Gabrielly Souza Sousa, Carolina Alcântara Maneschy, Carolina Costa Monteiro, João Victor Souza Rodrigues, Patrícia Santos Lobo, Dielle Monteiro Teixeira, Jones Anderson Monteiro Siqueira, Kenny Costa Pinheiro, Hugo Reis Resque, Luciana Damascena Silva, Sylvia Fátima dos Santos Guerra and Luana Silva Soares
Viruses 2025, 17(1), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17010079 - 9 Jan 2025
Viewed by 589
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis (AG) is a major illness in early childhood. Recent studies suggest a potential association between human bocavirus (HBoV) and AG. HBoV, a non-enveloped virus with a single-strand DNA genome, belongs to the Parvoviridae family. This study aimed to describe the frequency [...] Read more.
Acute gastroenteritis (AG) is a major illness in early childhood. Recent studies suggest a potential association between human bocavirus (HBoV) and AG. HBoV, a non-enveloped virus with a single-strand DNA genome, belongs to the Parvoviridae family. This study aimed to describe the frequency of HBoV in Northern Brazil using samples from patients with AG collected between 2017 and 2022. Fecal samples obtained from the viral gastroenteritis surveillance network at the Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC) were analyzed. Fecal suspensions (20%) were prepared, and the viral genome was extracted. PCR and nested-PCR were employed to detect HBoV, followed by nucleotide sequencing to identify viral types. Out of 692 samples, HBoV positivity was detected in 9.2% of cases (64/692). Genotypes HBoV-1, HBoV-2, HBoV-3, and HBoV-4 were found in 42.5% (17/40), 22.5% (9/40), 32.5% (13/40), and 2.5% (1/40) of the specimens, respectively. Co-infections with HBoV and other enteric viruses occurred in 48.3% (31/64) of cases, with RVA being the most frequent (31.2%, 20/64). The study results underscore the importance of continuous monitoring and further research to better understand the seasonality, coinfection patterns, and genetic variability of HBoV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Human Virology and Viral Diseases)
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12 pages, 701 KiB  
Article
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Cerebral Physiological Changes in Response to Atmospheric Gas Concentrations
by Chan-Sol Park, Mu-Jin Kim, Dong-Hyun Kim, Yeong-Bae Lee and Chang-Ki Kang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(24), 11525; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411525 - 11 Dec 2024
Viewed by 636
Abstract
Compared with other organs in the body, the human brain is extremely sensitive to changes in O2 and CO2 levels. This study applied functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to analyze the changes in cerebral oxygen saturation (COS) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations in [...] Read more.
Compared with other organs in the body, the human brain is extremely sensitive to changes in O2 and CO2 levels. This study applied functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to analyze the changes in cerebral oxygen saturation (COS) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations in response to various atmospheric gas concentrations and investigate their effects on brain function. Twenty-nine adults were exposed to four gas conditions, namely atmospheric concentration (C1), high O2 concentration (C2), high CO2 concentration (C3), and high O2 and CO2 concentrations (C4). Changes in COS and Hb concentrations were measured using fNIRS, whereas heart rate (HR) and percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured using a patient monitor. COS, oxy-Hb (HbO), and total-Hb (HbT) increased progressively from C1 to C4, whereas deoxy-Hb (HbR) exhibited a decreasing trend. Moreover, the COS and Hb concentrations were more strongly influenced by high CO2 levels than by high O2 levels. High O2 concentrations increased the blood O2 saturation, whereas high CO2 concentrations increased blood flow as a physiological response, enhancing O2 delivery to the brain. Additionally, HR and SpO2 increased at high CO2 concentrations. However, at high O2 concentrations providing a sufficient O2 supply, SpO2 increased while HR decreased. Therefore, adjusting the concentrations of CO2 and O2 may improve cerebral blood flow and change brain function, supporting cerebrovascular health and preventing related diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air Pollution and Its Impact on the Atmospheric Environment)
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13 pages, 2271 KiB  
Article
Canine and Human Red Blood Cells: Biochemical Mechanisms for the Control of Heat Dissipation
by Annamaria Russo, Giuseppe Tancredi Patanè, Stefano Putaggio, Ester Tellone, Silvana Ficarra, Davide Barreca and Giuseppina Laganà
Stresses 2024, 4(4), 787-799; https://doi.org/10.3390/stresses4040052 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 782
Abstract
Dogs, unlike humans, are equipped with a reduced number of sweat glands, which makes it difficult for them to dissipate heat, especially in conditions of intense activity that lead to a significant increase in body temperature. The study aims to investigate the metabolic [...] Read more.
Dogs, unlike humans, are equipped with a reduced number of sweat glands, which makes it difficult for them to dissipate heat, especially in conditions of intense activity that lead to a significant increase in body temperature. The study aims to investigate the metabolic differences between canine and human red blood cells (RBCs) and the hemoglobin (Hb) functionality focusing on their roles in heat dissipation. In detail, we evaluated the Band 3 protein (AE1) kinetic flux by observing that in canine red blood cells the anion exchange rate is higher than in humans (Rate Constant: 0.0438 min−1 and 0.012 min−1, respectively). Furthermore, we investigated the rate of ATP production and release to evaluate the possible variation of nucleotide concentration in the two species, observing a lower intracellular ATP concentration (101.80 μM and 297.90 μM) but a higher ATP release (3 μM and 2.65 μM) in canine RBCs compared to humans respectively. Subsequently, we evaluated the involvement of canine hemoglobin in heat dispersion; in detail, the ΔH= −5.15 Kcal/mol recorded in dog hemolysate at pH 7.5 shows an exothermic Hb-O2 bond that may be useful for further dispersing heat from the lungs. The peculiar oxygen-binding properties of dog Hb may also promote oxygen release in hyperventilation characterized by alkaline pH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Human and Animal Stresses)
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12 pages, 1769 KiB  
Article
Effect of Controlled Expiratory Pressures on Cerebrovascular Changes During Valsalva Maneuver
by Ju-Yeon Jung, Yeong-Bae Lee and Chang-Ki Kang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(22), 10132; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210132 - 5 Nov 2024
Viewed by 916
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Valsalva maneuver (VM) with the controlled expiratory pressures on vascular stiffness of common carotid artery (CCA) and cerebral hemodynamic changes using diagnostic ultrasonography. Twenty-seven healthy participants (mean and standard deviation of age = 22.78 ± [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Valsalva maneuver (VM) with the controlled expiratory pressures on vascular stiffness of common carotid artery (CCA) and cerebral hemodynamic changes using diagnostic ultrasonography. Twenty-seven healthy participants (mean and standard deviation of age = 22.78 ± 1.89) performed 30 and 40 mmHg VM. The right CCA stiffness index and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured before (PRE) and after (POST) VM. The peak systolic velocity (PSV), resistance index (RI), and heart rate (HR) were measured before (PRE) and after (POST1 and POST2 during the first and the second 15 s, respectively) VM. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was utilized to measure regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) and oxyhemoglobin (HbO) on the left and right prefrontal cortex. Stiffness index decreased by 1.76 (p < 0.001) from PRE to POST only after 30 mmHg VM. PWV decreased by 0.69 m/s (p < 0.001, 30 mmHg) and 0.34 m/s (p = 0.022, 40 mmHg) in POST. Conversely, PSV increased by 5.36 cm/s (p = 0.031, 30 mmHg) and 4.77 cm/s (p = 0.04, 40 mmHg) in POST2. Increase in RI (p = 0.017) and decrease in HR (p = 0.003) occurred only after the 40 mmHg VM. Right HbO decreased after 30 mmHg VM (p = 0.023) from PRE to POST1, and right rSO2 increased after 40 mmHg VM (p = 0.036) from VM (during) to POST1. Both 30 and 40 mmHg VM showed a significant improvement in PWV and an increase in PSV. However, at 30 mmHg VM, a significant decrease in HbO was observed after VM owing to increased cerebral oxygen exchange, and at 40 mmHg VM, an rSO2 increase was observed after VM owing to high vascular pressure. Additionally, the increased pressure and rSO2 at 40 mmHg may have been caused by increased RI. The results indicated that the 30 mmHg VM was more effective on CCA stiffness than the 40 mmHg VM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Updates on Ultrasound for Biomedical Applications)
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20 pages, 3024 KiB  
Article
Prediction and Scenario Simulation of Carbon Emissions Peak of Resource-Based Urban Agglomeration with Industrial Clusters—Case of Hubaoe Urban Agglomeration Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
by Wen Yang, Bing Xia, Yu Li, Xiaoming Qi and Jing Zhang
Energies 2024, 17(22), 5521; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17225521 - 5 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 752
Abstract
China has implemented a “dual-carbon” policy in response to the Paris Agreement’s global climate change objectives. Hohhot, Baotou, and Ordos (HBO-UA) is a resource-based urban agglomeration that is noteworthy for having significant heavy industry in China. Based on the extended STRIPAT model, which [...] Read more.
China has implemented a “dual-carbon” policy in response to the Paris Agreement’s global climate change objectives. Hohhot, Baotou, and Ordos (HBO-UA) is a resource-based urban agglomeration that is noteworthy for having significant heavy industry in China. Based on the extended STRIPAT model, which broadens the study indicators into six aspects—population, economics, technology, urbanization, industrial energy, and industrial structure—this paper develops a research framework of “Driving–Predicting–Simulating” for carbon emissions. According to the “one formula for one city” principle, driver models were constructed for Hohhot, Baotou, and Ordos, respectively. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) Population and urbanization are the dominant factors of carbon emissions in HBO-UA, following the economy and industrial energy. (2) Carbon emissions are multifactor-driven in Hohhot, double-factor-driven in Baotou, and single-factor-driven in Ordos. (3) Hohhot can achieve its carbon emissions peak under more efficient and lower policy costs, while Ordo is under great pressure to reduce carbon emissions. (4) We suggest multiple strategies to accomplish the “dual-carbon” goals for resource-based urban agglomeration with industrial clusters. These strategies include fostering diversified consumption by continuously enhancing urban functions, directing the transformation of the industrial structure, and fostering the growth of emerging industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section B: Energy and Environment)
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13 pages, 2278 KiB  
Article
Applications of Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Mirror Therapy for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Post-Stroke Patients: A Brain Plasticity Pilot Study
by Caterina Formica, Simona De Salvo, Nunzio Muscarà, Lilla Bonanno, Francesca Antonia Arcadi, Viviana Lo Buono, Giuseppe Acri, Angelo Quartarone and Silvia Marino
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(21), 6612; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13216612 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1080
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the neural pattern activation during mirror therapy (MT) and explore any cortical reorganization and reducing asymmetry of hemispheric activity for upper limb rehabilitation in post-stroke patients. Methods: A box containing a mirror was placed [...] Read more.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the neural pattern activation during mirror therapy (MT) and explore any cortical reorganization and reducing asymmetry of hemispheric activity for upper limb rehabilitation in post-stroke patients. Methods: A box containing a mirror was placed between the arms of the patients to create the illusion of normal motion in the affected limb by reflecting the image of the unaffected limb in motion. We measured the cerebral hemodynamic response using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We enrolled ten right-handed stroke patients. They observed healthy hand movements in the mirror (MT condition) while performing various tasks (MT condition), and then repeated the same tasks with the mirror covered (N-MT condition). Results: Significant activation of some brain areas was observed in the right and left hemiparesis groups for the MT condition, while lower levels of activation were observed for the N-MT condition. The results showed significant differences in hemodynamic response based on oxygenated (HbO) concentrations between MT and N-MT conditions across all tasks in sensorimotor areas. These neural circuits were activated despite the motor areas being affected by the brain injury, indicating that the reflection of movement in the mirror helped to activate them. Conclusions: These results suggest that MT promotes cortical activations of sensory motor areas in affected and non-affected brain sides in subacute post-stroke patients, and it encourages the use of these tools in clinical practice. Full article
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17 pages, 7819 KiB  
Article
Hyperbaric Oxygen Improves Cognitive Impairment Induced by Hypoxia via Upregulating the Expression of Oleic Acid and MBOAT2 of Mice
by Zhen Li, Jun Fu, Kaiyuan Jiang, Jie Gao, Yuejun Guo, Chen Li, Liangcai Zhao, Jutaek Nam and Hongchang Gao
Antioxidants 2024, 13(11), 1320; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111320 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1231
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) causes severe impairment of brain function and quality of life of patients, which brings a great burden to society. Cerebral hypoxia is an important factor in the pathogenesis of CI. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy may mitigate hypoxia-induced CI, but its [...] Read more.
Cognitive impairment (CI) causes severe impairment of brain function and quality of life of patients, which brings a great burden to society. Cerebral hypoxia is an important factor in the pathogenesis of CI. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy may mitigate hypoxia-induced CI, but its efficacy and mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, a mice model of CI induced by hypoxia environment was established, then behavioral tests, pathological examination, metabolomic and lipidomic analyses, and molecular biology were used to assess the impact of HBO on hypoxia-induced CI. HBO was found to alleviate CI and pathological damage of hypoxia mice. Metabolomic, lipidomic, and molecular biology analyses showed that HBO increased the levels of oleic acid (OA) and membrane-bound O-acyltransferase 2 (MBOAT2), thereby altering the composition of membrane phospholipids (PLs) and reducing hypoxia-induced neuronal ferroptosis (FPT) to interfere with cognitive function in mice. In vitro experiments confirmed that OA and MBOAT2 led to membrane PL remodeling in a mutually dependent manner, affecting cell resistance to hypoxia-FPT. The results emphasized the combined effect value of OA and MBOAT2 in HBO for hypoxia-induced CI, and provided a novel perspective for the treatment of CI by HBO. Full article
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11 pages, 710 KiB  
Article
Do Progressive Intensities of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation with and Without 40 Hz Binaural Beats Change Pre-Frontal Cortex Hemodynamics? A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Maria de Cassia Gomes Souza Macedo, Kariny Realino do Rosário Ferreira, Paula Almeida Meira, Arthur Ferreira Esquírio, Michelle Cristina Sales Almeida Barbosa, Gabriela Lopes Gama and Alexandre Wesley Carvalho Barbosa
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 1001; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14111001 - 27 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1277
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is often reported to have positive effects on brain hemodynamics as well as cognitive performance. Binaural beats (BBs) have also shown the potential to improve cognitive performance. However, we could not find any studies assessing prefrontal hemodynamics using [...] Read more.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is often reported to have positive effects on brain hemodynamics as well as cognitive performance. Binaural beats (BBs) have also shown the potential to improve cognitive performance. However, we could not find any studies assessing prefrontal hemodynamics using a combination of these techniques or assessing the effects on hemodynamic response at different intensity levels of tDCS (two and three mA). This study aimed to compare the immediate hemodynamic responses to tDCS at different intensities (two and three mA) with and without 40 Hz BBs. Sixty-eight healthy young individuals of both sexes were split into four groups: the tDCS 2 mA group; tDCS 3 mA group; tDCS 2 mA + BB group; and tDCS 3 mA + BB group. All groups received 20 min tDCS (F3-Fp2) alone or combined with BBs. The hemodynamic effect was assessed using a functional near-infrared intracranial spectroscope (fNIRS) positioned on the left supraorbital region (Fp1). The mean values of rates of oxygen saturation (SatO2) were recorded at baseline, during the intervention period, and post-stimulation. The oxygenated hemoglobin rates (HbO) were also extracted. No between-group differences were observed. The within-group analysis did not show significant differences in terms of the time×groups factor. However, the time factor showed significant within-group differences. No differences were found for the HbO rates. The present findings showed that two and three mA tDCS had effects on pre-frontal cortex SatO2; however, the use of additional BBs did not change the SatO2 levels compared to the use of tDCS alone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences)
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16 pages, 2284 KiB  
Article
Decompression Illness After Technical Diving Session in Mediterranean Sea: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and HBO Therapy
by Simona Mrakic-Sposta, Andrea Brizzolari, Alessandra Vezzoli, Carmela Graci, Attilio Cimmino, Tommaso Antonio Giacon, Cinzia Dellanoce, Alessandra Barassi, Giovanni Sesana and Gerardo Bosco
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(21), 11367; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111367 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 2282
Abstract
SCUBA diving poses risks due to pressure changes during descent (compression) and ascent (decompression). Decompression sickness (DCS) occurs due to gas bubble formation as the pressure decreases, causing joint pain, numbness, dizziness, or even paralysis and death. Immediate treatment involves 100% oxygen to [...] Read more.
SCUBA diving poses risks due to pressure changes during descent (compression) and ascent (decompression). Decompression sickness (DCS) occurs due to gas bubble formation as the pressure decreases, causing joint pain, numbness, dizziness, or even paralysis and death. Immediate treatment involves 100% oxygen to help eliminate inert gases and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), which is essential to reduce gas emboli formation and inflammation, thus improving symptoms. We evaluated oxy-inflammation biomarkers in the saliva and urine of nine subjects pre- and post-technical dive on the Haven wreck (GE, Italy). A case of DCS occurred during the dive. The injured diver was treated immediately with O2 and transported to the hyperbaric center of “ASST Ospedale Ca Granda” in Milan. He was treated following the U.S. Navy Treatment Table 5 at 2.8 ATA and the day after with Table 15 at 2.4 ATA. Venous blood and urine samples were collected before and after each HBO treatment. Our study shows that dive increased oxy-inflammation biomarkers (ROS +126%; lipid peroxidation +23%; interleukins-6 +81%, -1β +19%, and TNFα +84%) and nitric oxide metabolites levels (+36%). HBOT after a DCS episode reduced oxidative stress, lowering the very high marker of lipid peroxidation (8-iso-PGF2α), and inhibited inflammatory interleukins. Overall, HBOT improved physiological responses in the diver affected by DCS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
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13 pages, 1140 KiB  
Article
Early Hospital Discharge on Day Two Post-Robotic Lobectomy with Telehealth Home Monitoring
by Giuseppe Mangiameli, Edoardo Bottoni, Alberto Tagliabue, Veronica Maria Giudici, Alessandro Crepaldi, Alberto Testori, Emanuele Voulaz, Umberto Cariboni, Emanuela Re Cecconi, Matilde Luppichini, Marco Alloisio, Debora Brascia, Emanuela Morenghi and Giuseppe Marulli
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(20), 6268; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206268 - 21 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Background: Despite the implementation of enhanced recovery programs, the reported average postoperative length of stay after robotic lobectomy remains as 4 days. In this prospective study, we present the outcomes of early discharge (on day 2) with telehealth home monitoring device after robotic [...] Read more.
Background: Despite the implementation of enhanced recovery programs, the reported average postoperative length of stay after robotic lobectomy remains as 4 days. In this prospective study, we present the outcomes of early discharge (on day 2) with telehealth home monitoring device after robotic lobectomy for lung cancer in selected patients. Methods: All patients with a caregiver were discharged on postoperative day 2 (POD 2) with a telemonitoring device provided they met the specific discharge criteria. Inclusion criteria: <75 years old, stage I-II NSCLC, with caregiver, ECOG 0–2, scheduled for lobectomy, logistic proximity to hospital (<60 km); intra-postoperative exclusion criteria: conversion to open surgery, early complications needing hospital monitoring or redo-operation, difficult pain management, <92 HbO2% saturation on room air or need for O2 supplementation, altered vital or laboratory parameters. Teleconsultations were scheduled as follows: the first one in afternoon of POD2, two on POD3, then once a day until chest tube removal. After discharge, patients recorded their vital signs at least four times a day using the device, which allowed two surgeons to monitor them via a mobile application. In the event of sudden changes in vital signs or the occurrence of adverse events, patients had access to a direct phone line and a dedicated re-hospitalization pathway. The primary outcome was safety, assessed by the occurrence of post-discharge complications or readmissions, as well as feasibility. Secondary outcomes: comparison of safety profile with a matched control group in which the standard of care and the evaluation of resource optimization were maintained and economic evaluation. Results: Between July 2022 and February 2024, 48 patients were enrolled in the present study. Six patients (12.5%) dropped out due to unsatisfied discharge criteria on POD2. Exclusion causes were: significant air leaks (n:2) requiring monitoring and the use of suction device, uncontrolled pain (n:2), atrial fibrillation, and occurrence of cerebral ischemia (n:1 each). The adherence rate to vital signs monitoring by patients was 100%. A mean number of four measurements per day was performed by each patient. During telehealth home monitoring, a total of 71/2163 (1.4%) vital sign measurements violated the established acceptable threshold in 22 (52%) patients. All critical violations were managed at home. During the surveillance period (defined as the time from POD 2 to the day of chest tube removal), a persistent air leak was recorded in one patient requiring readmission to the hospital (on POD 13) and re-intervention with placement of a second thoracic drainage due to unsatisfactory lung expansion. No other postoperative complication occurred nor was there any readmission needed. Compared to the control group, the discharge gain was 2.5 days, with an economic benefit of 528 €/day (55.440 € on the total enrolled population). Conclusions: Our results confirm that the adoption of telehealth home monitoring is feasible and allows a safe discharge on postoperative day two after robotic surgery for stage I-II NSCLC in selected patients. A potential economic benefit (141 days of hospitalizations avoided) for the healthcare system could result from the adoption of this protocol. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Opportunities in Thoracic Surgery: The Cutting Edge)
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