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Search Results (3,769)

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Keywords = tumor necrosis factor-α

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16 pages, 1121 KiB  
Article
Thromboinflammatory Biomarkers in Lymphomas: Linking Inflammation to Thrombosis Risk
by Emilija Živković, Olivera Mitrović-Ajtić, Tijana Subotički, Jelena Ivanović, Vladimir Otašević, Dragoslava Đikić, Miloš Diklić, Milica Vukotić, Teodora Dragojević, Dejana Stanisavljević, Darko Antić and Vladan P. Čokić
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(5), 2058; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052058 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 9
Abstract
Thrombosis is a critical complication in lymphomas, driven by chronic inflammation. To observe this systemic mechanism, we evaluated inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil and monocyte activation, and platelet function in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), with and without [...] Read more.
Thrombosis is a critical complication in lymphomas, driven by chronic inflammation. To observe this systemic mechanism, we evaluated inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil and monocyte activation, and platelet function in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), with and without thrombosis using ELISA and flow cytometry according to laboratory and clinical data. Interleukin-1β was elevated across lymphomas and inversely correlated with the Khorana score for venous thromboembolism, while increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was inversely associated with the International Prognostic Index (IPI) in thrombosis-associated lymphomas. Neutrophil activation was increased in DLBCL, while elevated neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) biomarkers were inversely consistent with thrombosis and the ThroLy score. NETs were elevated in HL. Classical monocytes were increased in all lymphoma subtypes, with intermediate and tissue factor (TF)-carrying monocytes elevated in DLBCL and HL. Platelet activation was pronounced, with platelet–monocyte aggregates and platelet-associated TF elevated in DLBCL and FL but not HL. P-selectin was increased in lymphomas with thrombosis, aligned with Khorana and ThroLy scores, and reflected clinical stage while inversely correlating with IPI in non-thrombotic lymphomas. These findings highlight distinct thromboinflammatory mechanisms across lymphoma subtypes, providing insights into biomarkers for thrombosis risk and therapeutic targets in lymphoma management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Immunology)
17 pages, 3922 KiB  
Article
Effect of Dietary Addition of Lentinus edodes on Rumen Flora, Lactation, and Health of Dairy Goats
by Huijun Shen, Mengyu Wang, Yong Ning, Yiqi Zhao, Baiji Danzeng, Kaixin Li, Huaiping Shi and Weijuan Li
Animals 2025, 15(5), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15050676 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 68
Abstract
Lentinus edodes (LE) is a nutrient-rich medicinal fungus with potential applications in animal nutrition; however, its effects on dairy goats remain underexplored. This study investigated the impact of dietary LE addition on rumen microbiota, metabolic profiles, serum immunity, and milk quality in lactating [...] Read more.
Lentinus edodes (LE) is a nutrient-rich medicinal fungus with potential applications in animal nutrition; however, its effects on dairy goats remain underexplored. This study investigated the impact of dietary LE addition on rumen microbiota, metabolic profiles, serum immunity, and milk quality in lactating dairy goats. Twenty Saanen goats were randomly assigned to a control group (CON, basal diet) or an LE group (basal diet + 25 g Lentinus edodes) for 56 days. Rumen fluid, serum, and milk samples were analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing, metabolomics, and biochemical assays. The results showed that the addition of LE altered the microbial composition, decreasing the abundance of fibrobacterial flora and Treponema (p < 0.05) while increasing VadinHA49. Metabolomic analysis revealed elevated fumaric acid, lysophospholipids (LysoPE, LysoPG), and D-quinic acid in the rumen (p < 0.05). Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05). The milk somatic cell count (SCC) was reduced by 52.8% (p = 0.005) at day 56, and protein, fat, and total solids increased significantly (p < 0.05). Enrichment of functional metabolites such as D-arabitol and D-tryptophan in milk further highlighted LE’s role in improving product value. These findings demonstrate that LE optimizes rumen flora, enhances antioxidant and immune functions, and improves milk quality, supporting its use as a functional feed additive for dairy goats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Small Ruminants)
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14 pages, 1330 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant-Rich Polyfloral Bee Pollen Exerts Antimicrobial Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Effect in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells by Modulating the NF-κB Pathway
by Andrea Cavallero, Francesca Vidotto, Cristiana Sbrana, Laryssa Peres Fabbri, Giulio Petroni and Morena Gabriele
Foods 2025, 14(5), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050802 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 84
Abstract
Bee pollen is produced by honeybees from the agglutination of pollen grains belonging to one or more plant species. Although it is intended to be a nutritional source for the hive, its remarkable concentration of nutrients and phytochemicals, combined with its pleasant organoleptic [...] Read more.
Bee pollen is produced by honeybees from the agglutination of pollen grains belonging to one or more plant species. Although it is intended to be a nutritional source for the hive, its remarkable concentration of nutrients and phytochemicals, combined with its pleasant organoleptic qualities, makes it appealing for human consumption. This study examined the phytochemical content and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of a polyfloral bee pollen collected in Tuscany (Italy). Additionally, its less studied anti-inflammatory potential towards tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-inflamed A549 cells was evaluated to assess its possible use in inflammatory respiratory diseases. Bee pollen extract (BPE) was chemically characterized in terms of total polyphenol (20.2 ± 1.5 mg gallic acid equivalents/g fw), flavonoid (9.22 ± 0.64 mg quercetin equivalents/g fw), and carotenoid (10.4 ± 1.4 µg carotenoids/g fw) contents. BPE exerted good antioxidant and antiradical activities in ferric reducing antioxidant power (38.6 ± 4.5 mg Fe2+/g fw), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (433.77 ± 18.95 μmol TE/g fw), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (EC50 = 613.8 ± 79.2 μg/mL) assays. Additionally, BPE inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas stutzeri (MIC = 10 mg/mL) in the microdilution assay. When TNF-α-inflamed A549 cells were pretreated with BPE (10 and 50 µg/mL), the upregulated interleukin-8 gene and cyclooxygenase-2 gene and protein expression were significantly attenuated. BPE modulated the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway by decreasing its active phosphorylated form levels. These encouraging results confirm that honeybee pollen is a valuable health-promoting food that could alleviate the inflammatory component of various chronic pulmonary conditions. Full article
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22 pages, 6715 KiB  
Article
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of White Grape Pomace Polyphenols on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction
by Raluca Maria Pop, Paul-Mihai Boarescu, Corina Ioana Bocsan, Mădălina Luciana Gherman, Veronica Sanda Chedea, Elena-Mihaela Jianu, Ștefan Horia Roșian, Ioana Boarescu, Floricuța Ranga, Liliana Lucia Tomoiagă, Alexandra Doina Sîrbu, Andrei Ungur, Marian Taulescu, Alina Elena Pârvu and Anca Dana Buzoianu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(5), 2035; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052035 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 115
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP), the residue left after grape pressing in winemaking, is rich in polyphenols, including flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of white grape pomace (WGP) extract in [...] Read more.
Grape pomace (GP), the residue left after grape pressing in winemaking, is rich in polyphenols, including flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of white grape pomace (WGP) extract in two concentrations rich in polyphenols (795 mg polyphenols from WGP/kg body weight (bw) and 397.5 mg polyphenols from WGP/kg bw)), on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI), focusing on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. White grape pomace administration for 14 days offered a cardio-protective effect and prevented prolongation of the QT and QTc intervals on the electrocardiogram. Both concentrations of WGP prevented the elevation of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum, with the best results being observed for the highest concentration (p < 0.05). White grape pomace administration offered a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in both serum and tissue in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest WGP concentration having the best effect (p < 0.05). Moreover, WGP reduced histological changes associated with MI. The findings of the present study demonstrate that WGP extract exerts cardio protective effects by reducing MI-associated inflammation and oxidative stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Bioactives and Nutraceuticals)
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17 pages, 1873 KiB  
Review
Accelerating Earlier Access to Anti-TNF-α Agents with Biosimilar Medicines in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
by Gionata Fiorino, Ashwin Ananthakrishnan, Russell D. Cohen, Raymond K. Cross, Parakkal Deepak, Francis A. Farraye, Jonas Halfvarson and A. Hillary Steinhart
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(5), 1561; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051561 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 111
Abstract
Data indicate that earlier initiation of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) biologic medicines may prevent progression to irreversible bowel damage and improve outcomes for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn’s disease. However, the high cost of such therapies may restrict access [...] Read more.
Data indicate that earlier initiation of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) biologic medicines may prevent progression to irreversible bowel damage and improve outcomes for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn’s disease. However, the high cost of such therapies may restrict access and prevent timely treatment of IBD. Biosimilar anti-TNF-α medicines may represent a valuable opportunity for cost savings and optimized patient outcomes by improving access to advanced therapies and allowing earlier anti-TNF-α treatment initiation. Biosimilar anti-TNF-α medicines have been shown to offer consistent therapeutic outcomes to their reference medicines, yet despite entering the IBD treatment armamentarium over 10 years ago, their implementation in clinical practice remains suboptimal. Factors limiting the ‘real’ use of biosimilar anti-TNF-α medicines may include an ongoing lack of understanding and acceptance of biosimilars by both healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients, as well as systemic factors such as formulary decisions outside of the control of the prescriber. In this review, an expert panel of gastroenterologists discusses HCP-level considerations to improve biosimilar anti-TNF-α utilization in IBD in order to support early anti-TNF-α initiation and maximize patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gastroenterology & Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine)
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19 pages, 3898 KiB  
Article
Cardioprotective Effects of Ferulic Acid Through Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End Products in Diabetic Rats with Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction
by Sarah Ouda Bekheit, Eman Kolieb, El-Sayed E. El-Awady, Maha Abdullah Alwaili, Afaf Alharthi and Dina M. Khodeer
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(3), 319; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18030319 - 25 Feb 2025
Viewed by 78
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Myocardial infarction (MI) and diabetes pose significant health challenges globally, necessitating the development of innovative medication strategies to improve outcomes in affected populations. This research aimed to determine the defensive impact of ferulic acid (FA) against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in diabetic [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Myocardial infarction (MI) and diabetes pose significant health challenges globally, necessitating the development of innovative medication strategies to improve outcomes in affected populations. This research aimed to determine the defensive impact of ferulic acid (FA) against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in diabetic rats. Methods: A group of male rats was partitioned into five distinct groups: control group, diabetic group, diabetic + MI, diabetic + MI + 20 mg/kg FA, and diabetic + MI + 40 mg/kg FA. The experimental groups received isoproterenol (ISO) subcutaneously at a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight for two consecutive days. Results: The outcome was severe cardiac toxicity, as shown by changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythm and a substantial increase in blood cardiac enzymes such as creatinine kinase (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Additionally, there was a surge in inflammatory cytokines, like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and a disruption of the antioxidant system, evidenced by a rise in malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Moreover, there was a rise in cardiac receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Treatment with FA with escalating dosages of 20 and 40 mg/kg b.w. effectively mitigated changes in serum cardiac enzymes and improved the cellular architecture, which was evaluated by histopathological examination. Conclusions: In conclusion, in a dose-dependent manner, FA successfully showed a cardioprotective effect against ISO-induced cardiac toxicity in diabetic rats, as shown by the improvement in ECG findings, normalization of serum cardiac biomarkers, and augmentation of the endogenous antioxidant system. Therefore, the aforementioned data indicate that ferulic acid may potentially have a protective effect on MI patients who have diabetes mellitus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Internal Diseases)
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14 pages, 2147 KiB  
Article
Naringenin’s Neuroprotective Effect on Diazino-Induced Cerebellar Damage in Male Albino Rats, with Modulation of Acetylcholinesterase
by Abdullah A. Saati
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(3), 242; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15030242 - 25 Feb 2025
Viewed by 129
Abstract
Background: Diazinon, a well-known organophosphorus compound, is recognized for its neurotoxic effects, primarily through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and induction of oxidative stress. Aim: This study evaluates the neuroprotective effects of naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, against diazinon-induced cerebellar damage in male albino [...] Read more.
Background: Diazinon, a well-known organophosphorus compound, is recognized for its neurotoxic effects, primarily through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and induction of oxidative stress. Aim: This study evaluates the neuroprotective effects of naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, against diazinon-induced cerebellar damage in male albino rats. Materials and methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control, naringenin, diazinon, and diazinon with naringenin. Results: Histological examination revealed altered structures of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the diazinon group. Naringenin co-treatment significantly improved cerebellar histology and modulated oxidative stress markers by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. Additionally, naringenin exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels, while increasing interleukin-10 (IL-10). It also reduced apoptotic markers, including p53, Bax, caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3, while increasing the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. Furthermore, naringenin modulated AChE activity, leading to decreased acetylcholine levels and reduced neurotoxicity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that naringenin’s antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties contribute to its neuroprotective role against diazinon-induced cerebellar damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Neuropharmacology and Neuropathology)
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20 pages, 4912 KiB  
Article
Ameliorative Effect of Sipunculus nudus Hydrolysate on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Mitigating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis
by Susu Tao, Yi Qi, Jialong Gao, Huafang Yuan, Ruimin Wang, Xiaoqin Shen, Gang Wei and Zhilan Peng
Mar. Drugs 2025, 23(3), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/md23030100 - 24 Feb 2025
Viewed by 143
Abstract
The present study investigated the protective effects and possible mechanisms of an ultrafiltration fraction of Sipunculus nudus hydrolysate (UFSH) on cisplatin-induced kidney damage in a mouse model. The results showed that UFSH significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting increases in blood urea nitrogen [...] Read more.
The present study investigated the protective effects and possible mechanisms of an ultrafiltration fraction of Sipunculus nudus hydrolysate (UFSH) on cisplatin-induced kidney damage in a mouse model. The results showed that UFSH significantly attenuated cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr). Additionally, UFSH treatment significantly alleviated cisplatin-induced renal histopathological changes, such as significant dilation of renal tubules, cast formation, and tubular cell necrosis, as well as tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Moreover, UFSH decreased cisplatin-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px, while reducing the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the kidney. Furthermore, UFSH significantly inhibited cisplatin-induced increases in inflammatory cytokines, including Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Western blotting revealed that UFSH inhibited the phosphorylation of the inflammation-associated MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, lowered the expression of the apoptosis-related protein Bax, and reversed the reduction in the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. This investigation demonstrated that UFSH can ameliorate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Bioactive Potential of Marine-Derived Peptides and Proteins)
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17 pages, 1615 KiB  
Article
Serum Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, Salivary Morning Cortisol and Intensity of Psychological Stress in Patients with Allergic Contact Hand Dermatitis and Healthy Subjects
by Nives Pondeljak, Liborija Lugović-Mihić, Blaženka Ladika Davidović, Dalibor Karlović, Milena Hanžek and Marijana Neuberg
Life 2025, 15(3), 351; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030351 - 24 Feb 2025
Viewed by 101
Abstract
Introduction: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a form of late hypersensitivity reaction of skin contact with allergens. As an inflammatory skin disease, ACD has a negative impact on the quality of life and there is a need to elucidate the etiopathogenetic factors of [...] Read more.
Introduction: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a form of late hypersensitivity reaction of skin contact with allergens. As an inflammatory skin disease, ACD has a negative impact on the quality of life and there is a need to elucidate the etiopathogenetic factors of the disease, whereby using the psychoneuroimmunological (PNI) approach can be helpful. Psychological stress (PS), as a component of PNI, leads to aggravation of the contact hypersensitivity reaction. In response to the perception of PS, cortisol secretion is enhanced by activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) play a role in activating the HPA axis as well as initiating and maintaining inflammatory responses. Recent studies show that IL-6, IL-1, and TNF-α values are increased in the serum of patients with contact dermatitis, as well as in keratinocyte cell culture. Methods: The study examined the association of PNI factors (serum IL-6 and TNF-α, stress intensity with a Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire, quality of life of dermatology patients with a Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)) with the disease severity evaluated using the Hand Eczema Extent Score (HEES) and the duration of disease in hand ACD patients. Results: Patients with hand ACD had higher PSS (p = 0.001) than healthy people, with no difference in IL-6 and TNF-α. Higher DLQI was associated with higher HEES and PSS (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001) and these were the only predictors of DLQI. The duration of the disease was not related to the investigated factors. Conclusion: This study is the first so far, to our knowledge, in which a detailed analysis of PNI factors in patients with hand ACD was conducted. The results show that patients with ACD have higher PS intensity, which can chronically indicate changes in the balance of the HPA axis and indirectly affect the quality of life and disease severity of this disease. The results of the research provide more knowledge about hand ACD and contribute to and emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, thus improving the quality of life of these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches in Dermatological Therapies and Diagnostics)
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12 pages, 6270 KiB  
Article
Aptamer-Based Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor for Cytokine Detection in Undiluted Physiological Media for Cervical Carcinoma Diagnosis
by Ziran Wang, Wenting Dai, Zaiyu Zhang and Haipeng Wang
Biosensors 2025, 15(3), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15030138 - 23 Feb 2025
Viewed by 176
Abstract
Personalized monitoring of disease biomarkers is of great interest in women’s health. However, existing approaches typically involve invasive inspection or bulky equipment, making them challenging to implement at home. Hence, we present a general strategy for label-free and specific detection of disease biomarkers [...] Read more.
Personalized monitoring of disease biomarkers is of great interest in women’s health. However, existing approaches typically involve invasive inspection or bulky equipment, making them challenging to implement at home. Hence, we present a general strategy for label-free and specific detection of disease biomarkers in physiological media using an aptamer-based biosensor. The biosensor is a graphene field-effect transistor that involves immobilizing the aptamer and a biomolecule-permeable polyethylene glycol (PEG) layer on the graphene surface. The aptamer is capable of specifically binding with the target biomarker, thus inducing a change in the sensing responses. The PEG layer can effectively reduce the nonspecific adsorption of nontarget molecules in the solution, and increase the effective Debye screening length in the region directly adjacent to the graphene. In this work, studies of a biosensor with modification of the aptamer and PEG show that cervical carcinoma biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6 can be sensitively and specifically detected in undiluted physiological media, with detection limits as low as 0.13 pM for TNF-a and 0.20 pM for IL-6. This work presents a significant method for the general application of the biosensor for disease diagnosis in women’s health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices)
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9 pages, 987 KiB  
Article
Biological Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Decrease Uric Acid Levels in the Sera of Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
by Dijana Perković, Marin Petrić, Maja Maleš, Ivana Erceg Maleš and Mislav Radić
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(3), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47030142 - 22 Feb 2025
Viewed by 92
Abstract
Objectives: There are many explanations for increased levels of serum uric acid (SUA) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), but correlation with different treatment options in PsA is not well elucidated. Our aim was to determine the effects of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs [...] Read more.
Objectives: There are many explanations for increased levels of serum uric acid (SUA) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), but correlation with different treatment options in PsA is not well elucidated. Our aim was to determine the effects of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) on SUA levels in patients with PsA. Materials and methods: We analyzed the data of PsA patients treated with different bDMARDs from January 2007 to June 2021. Patients treated with interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors (secukinumab and ixekizumab) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) inhibitors (golimumab, infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, and etanercept) were included. Results: A total of 87 patients were included. The SUA levels decreased in 60 (69%) patients after a 3–6-month-long follow-up, and in 25 (28.7%), we noticed an increase. The average decrease in SUA levels was 9.4 ± 49.5 µmol/L (p = 0.039); for TNFα patients, it was 7.3 ± 59.8 µmol/L (p = 0.386), and for IL-17 patients, it was 12.6 ± 28.4 µmol/L (p = 0.013). The levels of SUA decreased in 81.8% of patients treated with infliximab, as well as in 76% of those treated with secukinumab and in 72.7% of those treated with etanercept. The largest average decrease in SUA levels was recorded in the group treated with golimumab (23 µmol/L). Conclusions: A significant decrease in SUA levels was noticed, especially in patients treated with IL-17 inhibitors. Further studies should identify which bDMARD is the most potent in the lowering of SUA levels. bDMARDs were efficient in PsA disease activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Osteoarthritis and Osteoarticular Diseases)
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24 pages, 4881 KiB  
Review
Therapeutic Effects of Alkaloids on Influenza: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies
by Zhaoyuan Gong, Mingzhi Hu, Guozhen Zhao, Ning Liang, Haili Zhang, Huizhen Li, Qianzi Che, Jing Guo, Tian Song, Yanping Wang, Nannan Shi and Bin Liu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(5), 1823; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051823 - 20 Feb 2025
Viewed by 178
Abstract
Experimental evidence suggests that alkaloids have anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the risk of translating existing evidence into clinical practice is relatively high. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies to evaluate the therapeutic effects of alkaloids in treating influenza, [...] Read more.
Experimental evidence suggests that alkaloids have anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the risk of translating existing evidence into clinical practice is relatively high. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies to evaluate the therapeutic effects of alkaloids in treating influenza, providing valuable references for future studies. Seven electronic databases were searched until October 2024 for relevant studies. The Review Manager 5.2 software was utilized to perform the meta-analysis. Our study was registered within the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) as number CRD42024607535. Alkaloids are significantly correlated with viral titers, pulmonary inflammation scores, survival rates, lung indices, and body weight. However, alkaloid therapy is not effective in reducing the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, the therapeutic effects of alkaloids may be related to the inhibition of the Toll-like receptor 4 or 7/Nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway, and the Antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I (RIG-I) pathway. Alkaloids are potential candidates for the prevention and treatment of influenza. However, extensive preclinical studies and clinical studies are needed to confirm the anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory properties of alkaloids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Immunology)
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17 pages, 3064 KiB  
Article
Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Akkermansia muciniphila-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
by Sasa Zhao, Jie Xiang, Minhazul Abedin, Jingyi Wang, Zhiwen Zhang, Zhongwei Zhang, Hua Wu and Junsong Xiao
Microorganisms 2025, 13(2), 464; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020464 - 19 Feb 2025
Viewed by 247
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in host–microbe communication. Akkermansia muciniphila, a symbiotic bacterium essential for intestinal health, is hypothesized to exert its effects via EVs. Here, we successfully isolated and characterized EVs derived from A. muciniphila (Am-EVs) using ultracentrifugation. [...] Read more.
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in host–microbe communication. Akkermansia muciniphila, a symbiotic bacterium essential for intestinal health, is hypothesized to exert its effects via EVs. Here, we successfully isolated and characterized EVs derived from A. muciniphila (Am-EVs) using ultracentrifugation. Am-EVs exhibited a double-membrane structure, with an average diameter of 92.48 ± 0.28 nm and a proteomic profile comprising 850 proteins. In an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2), treatment with both 25 and 50 μg/mL Am-EVs significantly reduced oxidative stress markers, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA), while restoring catalase activity (CAT). Am-EVs also suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Subsequent transcriptomic sequencing and Western blot experiments revealed that Am-EVs attenuate the MAPK signaling pathway by downregulating TRIF, MyD88, p38 MAPK, and FOS while upregulating TGFBR2. These findings suggest that Am-EVs mediate anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of MAPK signaling, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents in intestinal inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Microbiology and Immunology)
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21 pages, 2570 KiB  
Systematic Review
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Individuals Exposed to Radon
by Anel Lesbek, Yasutaka Omori, Meirat Bakhtin, Polat Kazymbet, Shinji Tokonami, Nursulu Altaeva, Danara Ibrayeva and Yerlan Kashkinbayev
Biomedicines 2025, 13(2), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020499 - 17 Feb 2025
Viewed by 256
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Radon is a significant carcinogen, particularly as a leading cause of lung cancer among non-smokers. While its carcinogenic effects are well documented, the relationship between radon exposure and inflammatory reactions remains underexplored. This systematic review investigates inflammatory biomarkers in individuals exposed [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Radon is a significant carcinogen, particularly as a leading cause of lung cancer among non-smokers. While its carcinogenic effects are well documented, the relationship between radon exposure and inflammatory reactions remains underexplored. This systematic review investigates inflammatory biomarkers in individuals exposed to chronic radon exposure and conducts a meta-analysis on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using the keywords “radon” AND “inflammation biomarkers” following established guidelines. Studies reporting inflammatory biomarker levels in biological fluids of human participants exposed to residential or occupational radon were included. Statistical analyses, including pooled mean estimates, influence analysis, publication bias, and meta-regression, were performed in RStudio. Results: Ten studies involving 33,099 individuals met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies focused on residential radon exposure, and two examined occupational exposure among uranium miners. Inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and saliva. Among individuals exposed to high residential radon levels, serum CRP and TNF-α were the most frequently assessed biomarkers, with pooled mean levels of 2.11 mg/L (95% CI, 1.32–2.89) and 2.20 pg/mL (95% CI, 0.25–4.64), respectively. Conclusions: Serum CRP and TNF-α levels appear lower in adults with chronic radon exposure, suggesting potential anti-inflammatory effects despite radon’s established carcinogenicity. Future longitudinal studies using standardized methods are crucial to elucidate the long-term health impacts of radon exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism in Inflammation and Immunity)
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13 pages, 6696 KiB  
Article
Effect of Different Forms of Human Platelet Lysate on the Proliferation and Phenotype of Human Osteoblasts
by Mohamad Raihan Kamaruddin, Bahiratuz Zulfa Baharuddin, Nahgeshwarie Ratha Manaalan, Yi Lyn Wong, Muhammad Najib Fathi Hassan, Suria Abdul Aziz, Barathan Muttiah and Jia Xian Law
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(4), 2074; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15042074 - 16 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Background and aims: Enhanced cell proliferation is crucial for reducing production time and cost in cell therapy, and human platelet lysate (HPL) is often used to boost cell proliferation due to its favorable safety profile. Understanding the roles of different HPL components and [...] Read more.
Background and aims: Enhanced cell proliferation is crucial for reducing production time and cost in cell therapy, and human platelet lysate (HPL) is often used to boost cell proliferation due to its favorable safety profile. Understanding the roles of different HPL components and their effects on cell culture can lead to more informed choices in medium formulation, which in turn can influence cell behavior and outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of two types of HPL, i.e., heparin-supplemented HPL (He-HPL) and fibrinogen-depleted HPL without heparin (Fd-HPL), on human osteoblasts. Materials and Methods: He-HPL and Fd-HPL were prepared from expired platelet concentrates. The presence of growth factors, i.e., brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cytokines, i.e., interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), in HPL was evaluated. Human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium supplemented with either He-HPL or Fd-HPL. The cell morphology, viability, calcium deposition, and expression of osteogenic genes were assessed. Results: Comparable levels of BDNF (p > 0.05), VEGF (p > 0.05), and IL-6 (p > 0.05) were detected in both types of HPL, whereas He-HPL exhibited significantly higher levels of TNF-α (p < 0.05). However, there were no notable differences in cell morphology, viability, population doubling time, or total cell yield between the two HPL types. Similarly, no differences were observed in the mineralization of cells treated with He-HPL compared to Fd-HPL. Nonetheless, hFOB cells cultured with He-HPL demonstrated significantly higher expression of osteogenic markers Runx2 and ALP (p < 0.05) compared to those cultured with Fd-HPL. Conclusions: He-HPL and Fd-HPL demonstrate comparable performance in promoting osteoblast proliferation and mineralization, making both usable for bone tissue engineering. However, He-HPL might have a slight edge as it enhances osteogenic gene expression. Full article
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