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Selected Papers from 28th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems—MIXDES 2021

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 July 2022) | Viewed by 13241

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Dr. Mariusz Orlikowski

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Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Street, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Interests: VLSI circuits; HDL modelling; distributed information systems
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The MIXDES conference series began in 1994 and has since been organised annually in major Polish cities. The conference has been held annually without any interruption, and gathers participants from more than 25 countries. The MIXDES conference is one of the largest in this field in Central Europe, encompassing interdisciplinary research in design, modelling, simulation, testing, and manufacturing in various areas, such as micro- and nanoelectronics, semiconductors, sensors, actuators, biomedical applications, and power devices. The main organiser of all of these conferences is the Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science of the Technical University of Lodz, Poland, headed by Prof. Andrzej Napieralski.

This Special Issue presents extended versions of selected papers from MIXDES 2021—28^th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems that will be held on 24–26 June 2021.

The issue topics include:

Integrated Circuits and Microsystems
Thermal Issues in Microelectronics
Microelectronics Technology and Packaging
Testing and Reliability
Power Electronics
Signal Processing
Embedded Systems
Medical Applications of Microsystems

Dr. Mariusz Orlikowski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

mixed design
integrated circuits and systems
embedded systems
modelling
signal processing
technology
packaging
testing
reliability
medical applications

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 7929 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Power Supply and Control Unit for Actively Heated Protective Clothing with Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting

by Bartosz Pękosławski, Paweł Marciniak, Łukasz Starzak, Adam Stawiński and Grażyna Bartkowiak

Energies 2022, 15(15), 5656; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155656 - 04 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1460

Abstract

An active heating system has been developed for application in smart clothing for mountain rescuers. It uses a set of sensors and is aimed at gathering necessary data for the elaboration and testing of an automatic control algorithm. The system is powered by a lithium-ion battery pack, which can be additionally charged from flexible PV modules. The article presents an estimation of this system’s power supply requirements and its energy budget. Since the system’s maximum operation time strongly depends on the efficiency of its main power converter, the design of the latter was based on a model enabling power loss estimation in its particular components. Characteristics ultimately measured on a prototype showed a high agreement with simulations. Furthermore, five different arrangements of PV modules were studied in order to find the most effective one. The system was tested in real conditions for the three most promising PV module configurations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 28th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems—MIXDES 2021)

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19 pages, 17299 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of NVIDIA Xavier NX Platform for Real-Time Image Processing for Plasma Diagnostics

by Bartłomiej Jabłoński, Dariusz Makowski, Piotr Perek, Patryk Nowak vel Nowakowski, Aleix Puig Sitjes, Marcin Jakubowski, Yu Gao, Axel Winter and The W-X Team

Energies 2022, 15(6), 2088; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15062088 - 12 Mar 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2943

Abstract

Machine protection is a core task of real-time image diagnostics aiming for steady-state operation in nuclear fusion devices. The paper evaluates the applicability of the newest low-power NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX platform for image plasma diagnostics. This embedded NVIDIA Tegra System-on-a-Chip (SoC) integrates a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) and Central Processing Unit (CPU) on a single chip. The hardware differences and features compared to the previous NVIDIA Jetson TX2 are signified. Implemented algorithms detect thermal events in real-time, utilising the high parallelism provided by the embedded General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU). The performance and accuracy are evaluated on the experimental data from the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator. Strike-line and reflection events are primarily investigated, yet benchmarks for overload hotspots, surface layers and visualisation algorithms are also included. Their detection might allow for automating real-time risk evaluation incorporated in the divertor protection system in W7-X. For the first time, the paper demonstrates the feasibility of complex real-time image processing in nuclear fusion applications on low-power embedded devices. Moreover, GPU-accelerated reference processing pipelines yielding higher accuracy compared to the literature results are proposed, and remarkable performance improvement resulting from the upgrade to the Xavier NX platform is attained. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 28th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems—MIXDES 2021)

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16 pages, 4212 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Thermal Model for Processing Data from Undergarment Sensors in Automatic Control of Actively Heated Clothing

by Wojciech Tylman, Rafał Kotas, Marek Kamiński, Sebastian Woźniak and Anna Dąbrowska

Energies 2022, 15(1), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010169 - 27 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2223

Abstract

Despite its recent growth in popularity, actively heated clothing still lacks the ability to cope with demanding user scenarios. As many of these deficiencies stem from an absence of automatic control, the authors propose a novel approach using a set of sensors embedded in the clothing to provide data about thermal comfort. Available sensors suffer from a lack of accuracy, as for practical reasons, they cannot be attached to the skin, whose temperature is usually used as a comfort indicator. To determine the magnitude of the problem, the authors conducted experiments, and a thermal model was proposed based on experimental findings; the output from the model was compared with the experimental reference data for three different upper body undergarments. The overall accuracy was found to be good: in most cases, the difference between the computed and reference skin temperatures did not exceed 0.5 °C. Furthermore, the model does not rely on unrealistic assumptions regarding the availability of parameters or measurement data. Our findings demonstrate that it is possible to create a thermal model that, when used for input data processing, allows undergarment temperature to be converted to skin temperature, allowing for automatic control of heating insets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 28th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems—MIXDES 2021)

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26 pages, 7907 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Modifications Related to Safe Operating Area Demands on Operation of a Specialized Medium/High-Voltage Unity-Gain Buffer

by Mariusz Jankowski

Energies 2022, 15(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010023 - 21 Dec 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2100

Abstract

This paper presents safety-related modifications to the improved high-voltage unity-gain buffer and their impact on the operation quality of this circuit. The analyzed buffer architecture combines the virtues of source and gate followers. It provides high input impedance to the gate follower and voltage gain precision to the source follower while retaining a very simple structure and an extremely short signal path. These properties enable its various applications, e.g., as an interconnection of voltage and current mode function blocks in signal paths of medium- and high-voltage integrated circuits. The scrutinized buffer consists of MOS devices with different maximum interterminal voltages, which results in the necessity of enhancing its architecture with a set of safety devices to ensure non-destructive power-up, normal operation, and power-down phases of the buffer operation. The consequences of the implemented safety changes vs. the influence of the physical implementation process on the buffer operation capabilities are presented in comparison to its ancestral source and gate followers. The results show that the analyzed buffer retains the best signal processing quality among the compared buffer structures after the complete physical implementation process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 28th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems—MIXDES 2021)

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14 pages, 3705 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Real-Time Data Acquisition and Processing System for MHz Repetition Rate Image Sensors

by Aleksander Mielczarek, Dariusz Radosław Makowski, Christopher Gerth, Bernd Steffen, Michele Caselle and Lorenzo Rota

Energies 2021, 14(21), 7403; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217403 - 06 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1470

Abstract

An electro-optic detector is one of the diagnostic setups used in particle accelerators. It employs an electro-optic crystal to encode the longitudinal beam charge profile in the spectrum of a light pulse. The charge distribution is then reconstructed using data captured by a fast spectrometer. The measurement repetition rate should match or exceed the machine bunching frequency, which is often in the range of several MHz. A high-speed optical line detector (HOLD) is a linear camera designed for easy integration with scientific experiments. The use of modern FPGA circuits helps in the efficient collection and processing of data. The solution is based on Xilinx 7-Series FPGA circuits and implements a custom latency-optimized architecture utilizing the AXI4 family of interfaces. HOLD is one of the fastest line cameras in the world. Thanks to its hardware architecture and a powerful KALYPSO sensor from KIT, it outperforms the fastest comparable commercial devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 28th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems—MIXDES 2021)

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17 pages, 3957 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling and Simulation of Monolithic Single-Supply Power Operational Amplifiers

by Ivailo Milanov Pandiev

Energies 2021, 14(15), 4611; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154611 - 29 Jul 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1981

Abstract

In this paper a simple PSpice (Personal Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) macro-model was developed, and verified for monolithic power operational amplifiers operated with a single-supply voltage. The proposed macro-model is developed using simplification and build-up techniques for macro-modeling of operational amplifiers and simulates the basic static and dynamic characteristics, including input impedance, small-signal frequency responses at various voltage gains, output power versus supply voltage, slew-rate-limiting, voltage limiting, output offset voltage versus supply voltage ripples, and output resistance. Furthermore, the macro-model also takes into account the ground reference voltage in the amplifier at a single power supply voltage. The model is implemented as a hierarchical structure suitable for the PSpice circuit simulation platform. The sub-circuit is built using standard PSpice components and analog behavioral modeling blocks. The accuracy of the model is verified by extracting the model parameters for single-supply power operational amplifier TDA2005 from ST Microelectronics as example. The effectiveness of the model is validated by comparing the simulation results of the electrical parameters with the corresponding measured values obtained by experimental testing of sample circuits. The comparative analysis shows that the relative error of the modeled large-signal parameters is less than 15%. Moreover, an error of 15% is quite acceptable, considering the technological tolerances of the electrical parameters for this type of analog ICs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 28th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems—MIXDES 2021)

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