Parental Reports of Children’s Dental Pain Experience and Associated Factors among Brazilian Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sample
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Questionnaire
- How often does your child drink sugar milk or chocolate milk?
- How often does your child drink soft drinks or juice boxes?
- How often does your child eat candies, lollipops, and chocolate?
- How often does your child eat stuffed cookies?
2.4. Pilot Study
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Quantitative Variables | Mean (SD) |
---|---|
Child’s age (years) | 5.45 (±1.16) |
Parent’s/caregiver’s age (years) | 35.0 (±6.10) |
Child’s age at the first dental appointment (years) | 2.26 (±1.31) |
Child’s age at the first consumption of sugar (years) | 1.38 (±0.64) |
Authoritarian parenting style domain | 1.94 (±0.56) |
Permissive parenting style domain | 2.34 (±0.57) |
Authoritative parenting style domain | 4.27 (±0.44) |
Categorical variables | n (%) |
Sex | |
Female | 151 (50.3) |
Male | 149 (49.7) |
Type of school 1 | |
Public | 198 (70.7) |
Private | 82 (29.3) |
Parent’s/caregiver’s schooling | |
≤12 years | 134 (44.7) |
>12 years | 166 (55.3) |
Family income 2 | |
≤3 BMMW | 153 (52.0) |
>3 BMMW | 141 (48.0) |
Family composition | |
Only mother | 53 (17.7) |
Mother and father | 247 (82.3) |
First dental visit | |
No | 3 (24.3) |
Yes | 227 (75.7) |
Daily frequency of tooth brushing | |
None or once a day | 28 (9.3) |
Two or more times a day | 272 (90.7) |
Use of fluoridated toothpaste | |
No | 5 (8.3) |
Yes | 275 (91.7) |
Free sugar consumption | |
High | 121 (40.3) |
Low | 179 (59.7) |
Parental reports of children’s dental pain experience | |
No | 239 (79.7) |
Yes | 61 (20.3) |
Predominant parenting style | |
Authoritarian parenting style | 2 (0.7) |
Permissive parenting style | 2 (0.7) |
Authoritative parenting style | 296 (98.6) |
Diet Questionnaire Items | High-Free Sugar Consumption Group | Low-Free Sugar Consumption Sugar | p-Value 1 |
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | ||
1. How often does your child drink sugar milk or chocolate milk? | <0.001 | ||
Never or rarely | 33 (27.3) | 83 (46.4) | |
1 or 2 times a week | 8 (6.6) | 27 (15.1) | |
3 to 6 times a week | 18 (14.9) | 29 (16.2) | |
1 or 2 times a day | 52 (43.0) | 36 (20.1) | |
3 or more times a day | 10 (8.2) | 4 (2.2) | |
2. How often does your child drink soft drinks or juice boxes? | <0.001 | ||
Never or rarely | 0 (0) | 72 (40.2) | |
1 or 2 times a week | 24 (19.8) | 74 (41.3) | |
3 to 6 times a week | 53 (43.8) | 29 (16.2) | |
1 or 2 times a day | 35 (28.9) | 4 (2.3) | |
3 or more times a day | 9 (7.5) | 0 (0) | |
3. How often does your child eat candies, lollipops, and chocolate? | <0.001 | ||
Never or rarely | 7 (5.8) | 31 (17.3) | |
1 or 2 times a week | 27 (22.3) | 133 (74.3) | |
3 to 6 times a week | 66 (54.5) | 10 (5.6) | |
1 or 2 times a day | 17 (14.0) | 5 (2.8) | |
3 or more times a day | 4 (3.4) | 0 (0) | |
4. How often does your child eat stuffed cookies? | <0.001 | ||
Never or rarely | 0 (0) | 33 (18.4) | |
1 or 2 times a week | 22 (18.2) | 106 (59.2) | |
3 to 6 times a week | 52 (43.0) | 37 (20.7) | |
1 or 2 times a day | 39 (32.2) | 3 (1.7) | |
3 or more times a day | 8 (6.6) | 0 (0) |
Covariables | Parental Reports of Children’s Dental Pain Experience n (%) | p-Value 1 | |
---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||
Sex | |||
Female | 121 (80.1) | 30 (19.9) | 0.886 |
Male | 118 (79.2) | 31 (20.8) | |
Type of school 2 | |||
Public | 155 (78.3) | 43 (21.7) | 0.749 |
Private | 66 (80.5) | 16 (19.5) | |
Parent’s/caregiver’s schooling | |||
≤12 years | 99 (73.9) | 35 (26.1) | 0.030 |
>12 years | 140 (84.3) | 26 (15.7) | |
Family income 3 | |||
≤3 BMMW | 116 (75.8) | 37 (24.2) | 0.080 |
>3 BMMW | 119 (84.4) | 22 (15.6) | |
Family composition | |||
Only mother | 40 (75.5) | 13 (24.5) | 0.452 |
Mother and father | 199 (80.6) | 48 (19.4) | |
Daily frequency of tooth brushing | |||
None or once a day | 21 (75.0) | 7 (25.0) | 0.621 |
Twice or more | 218 (80.1) | 54 (19.9) | |
Use of fluoridated toothpaste | |||
No | 20 (80.0) | 5 (20.0) | 1.000 |
Yes | 219 (79.6) | 56 (20.4) | |
Free sugar consumption | |||
High | 88 (72.7) | 33 (27.3) | 0.019 |
Low | 151 (84.4) | 28 (15.6) |
Variables | Parental Report of Children’s Dental Pain Experience | p-Value 1 | |
---|---|---|---|
No Mean (SD) | Yes Mean (SD) | ||
Parent’s/caregiver’s age | 5.17 (±6.11) | 34.42 (±6.07) | 0.475 |
Child’s age at the first consumption of sugar | 1.44 (±0.65) | 1.15 (±0.55) | 0.001 |
Child’s age at the first dental appointment | 2.08 (±1.21) | 2.86 (±1.46) | <0.001 |
Authoritarian parenting style domain | 1.90 (±0.54) | 2.09 (±0.61) | 0.029 |
Permissive parenting style domain | 2.32 (±0.58) | 2.41 (±0.55) | 0.184 |
Authoritative parenting style domain | 4.28 (±0.45) | 4.21 (±0.41) | 0.188 |
Covariables | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Free sugar consumption | ||
High | 1.90 (1.21–3.00) | 0.006 |
Low | 1 | |
Parent’s/caregiver’s schooling | ||
≤12 years | 1.23 (0.76–1.98) | 0.398 |
>12 years | 1 | |
Child’s age at the first dental appointment | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | <0.001 |
Child’s age at the first consumption of sugar | 0.96 (0.93–1.00) | 0.065 |
Authoritarian parenting style domain | 1.30 (0.87–1.93) | 0.194 |
Permissive parenting style domain | 1.10 (0.73–1.67) | 0.653 |
Authoritative parenting style domain | 1.27 (0.75–2.16) | 0.376 |
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Silva-Rabelo, J.A.; Moreira-Santos, L.F.; Serra-Negra, J.M.; Bendo, C.B.; Paiva, S.M.; Pordeus, I.A. Parental Reports of Children’s Dental Pain Experience and Associated Factors among Brazilian Children. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 599. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050599
Silva-Rabelo JA, Moreira-Santos LF, Serra-Negra JM, Bendo CB, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA. Parental Reports of Children’s Dental Pain Experience and Associated Factors among Brazilian Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(5):599. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050599
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilva-Rabelo, Jéssica Aparecida, Letícia Fernanda Moreira-Santos, Júnia Maria Serra-Negra, Cristiane Baccin Bendo, Saul Martins Paiva, and Isabela Almeida Pordeus. 2024. "Parental Reports of Children’s Dental Pain Experience and Associated Factors among Brazilian Children" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 5: 599. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050599