Journal Description
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed with Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Engineering, Marine) / CiteScore - Q2 (Ocean Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 15.4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.7 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.9 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.9 (2022)
Latest Articles
Estimation of Artificial Reef Pose Based on Deep Learning
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 812; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050812 (registering DOI) - 13 May 2024
Abstract
Artificial reefs are man-made structures submerged in the ocean, and the design of these structures plays a crucial role in determining their effectiveness. Precisely measuring the configuration of artificial reefs is vital for creating suitable habitats for marine organisms. This study presents a
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Artificial reefs are man-made structures submerged in the ocean, and the design of these structures plays a crucial role in determining their effectiveness. Precisely measuring the configuration of artificial reefs is vital for creating suitable habitats for marine organisms. This study presents a novel approach for automated detection of artificial reefs by recognizing their key features and key points. Two enhanced models, namely, YOLOv8n-PoseRFSA and YOLOv8n-PoseMSA, are introduced based on the YOLOv8n-Pose architecture. The YOLOv8n-PoseRFSA model exhibits a 2.3% increase in accuracy in pinpointing target key points compared to the baseline YOLOv8n-Pose model, showcasing notable enhancements in recall rate, mean average precision (mAP), and other evaluation metrics. In response to the demand for swift identification in mobile fishing scenarios, a YOLOv8n-PoseMSA model is proposed, leveraging MobileNetV3 to replace the backbone network structure. This model reduces the computational burden to 33% of the original model while preserving recognition accuracy and minimizing the accuracy drop. The methodology outlined in this research enables real-time monitoring of artificial reef deployments, allowing for the precise quantification of their structural characteristics, thereby significantly enhancing monitoring efficiency and convenience. By better assessing the layout of artificial reefs and their ecological impact, this approach offers valuable data support for the future planning and implementation of reef projects.
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(This article belongs to the Section Marine Biology)
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Semidiurnal Internal Tide Interference in the Northern South China Sea
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Wenhui Wang, Jiahui Li and Xiaodong Huang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 811; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050811 (registering DOI) - 13 May 2024
Abstract
Multiwave interference plays a crucial role in shaping the spatial variations of internal tides. Based on a combination of in situ mooring and altimeter data, interference of semidiurnal internal tides was investigated in the northern South China Sea. Mooring observations indicate the observed
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Multiwave interference plays a crucial role in shaping the spatial variations of internal tides. Based on a combination of in situ mooring and altimeter data, interference of semidiurnal internal tides was investigated in the northern South China Sea. Mooring observations indicate the observed kinetic-to-potential energy ratio and group speed are both relatively lower than the theoretical values of mode-1 semidiurnal internal tides, indicating the presence of partly-standing waves. This is consistent with the altimeter result that the mooring was located at the antinode within the interference pattern formed by the superposition of the westward and southward semidiurnal internal tides from the Luzon Strait and the continental slope of the southern Taiwan Strait. However, the kinetic-to-potential energy ratio and group velocity were notably changed when an anticyclonic eddy passed by the mooring. By employing the ray-tracing method, we identified that mesoscale processes may induce a phase difference in the semidiurnal internal tides between the Luzon Strait and the continental slope of the southern Taiwan Strait. This alteration further leads to changes in the positions of nodes and antinodes within the interference pattern of the semidiurnal internal tides.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Physical Oceanography—2nd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
Identification of Shipborne VHF Radio Based on Deep Learning with Feature Extraction
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Liang Chen and Jiayu Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 810; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050810 (registering DOI) - 13 May 2024
Abstract
In the feature identification of maritime VHF radio communication signals, shipborne VHF communication technology follows the same international technical standards formulated by IMO, uses analog communication technology and uses the same communication channel in the same area, and cannot effectively achieve signal feature
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In the feature identification of maritime VHF radio communication signals, shipborne VHF communication technology follows the same international technical standards formulated by IMO, uses analog communication technology and uses the same communication channel in the same area, and cannot effectively achieve signal feature identification by adding feature elements in the process of signal modulation. How to effectively identify the ship using VHF radio has always been a technical difficulty in the field of ship perception. In this paper, based on the convolutional neural network, combined with the feasibility of CAM feature extraction and BiLSTM feature extraction in non-cooperative signal recognition, a deep learning recognition model of shipborne VHF radio communication signals is established, and the deep learning approach is employed to discern the features of VHF signals, thereby accomplishing the identification and classification of transmitting VHF radio stations. Several experiments are designed according to the characteristics of ship communication scenes at sea. The experimental data show that the method proposed in this paper can provide a new feasible path for ship target perception in terms of radio signal characteristics and identification.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart and Low Carbon Emission-Oriented Maritime Traffic Management and Controlling)
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Dynamic Testing of a Hybrid-Propellant Water-Breathing Ram Rocket in Underwater Cruise Conditions
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Sagi Dinisman, Nachum E. Eisen and Alon Gany
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 809; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050809 (registering DOI) - 13 May 2024
Abstract
High-speed submerged marine vehicles, such as torpedoes, traveling at velocities of an order of 100 m/s and above, require powerful propulsion to overcome the tremendous hydrodynamic drag. This paper aims to investigate a marine hybrid-propellant water-breathing ram rocket (marine ramjet or ducted rocket)
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High-speed submerged marine vehicles, such as torpedoes, traveling at velocities of an order of 100 m/s and above, require powerful propulsion to overcome the tremendous hydrodynamic drag. This paper aims to investigate a marine hybrid-propellant water-breathing ram rocket (marine ramjet or ducted rocket) under various underwater cruise conditions. At high underwater cruise speeds, the ram rocket outperforms regular rocket motors, substantially increasing its specific impulse and thrust. This investigation utilized a unique test facility capable of dynamically testing the marine ramjet. Over 20 dynamic experiments have been conducted, revealing the submerged motor characteristics at different cruise speeds, water-to-propellant mass ratios, and oxidizer-to-fuel mass ratios, thereby creating a performance map of the marine ramjet. The results were compared with static firing data and theoretical calculations, showing a good agreement with standard specific impulse improvement of about 55% compared to a regular hybrid rocket, reaching a maximum value of 380 s. The significant increase in performance demonstrates the potential of the water-breathing ramjet for propelling high-speed underwater vehicles.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Investigation of the Impact Load Characteristics during Water Entry of Airdropped Underwater Gliders
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Xiangcheng Wu, Lihong Wu, Pengyao Yu and Xin Chang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050808 (registering DOI) - 13 May 2024
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Underwater gliders have emerged as effective tools for long-term ocean exploration. Employing aircraft for launching underwater gliders could significantly expand their application. Compared to slender underwater vehicles, the distinctive wing structure of underwater gliders may endure huge impact forces when entering water, leading
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Underwater gliders have emerged as effective tools for long-term ocean exploration. Employing aircraft for launching underwater gliders could significantly expand their application. Compared to slender underwater vehicles, the distinctive wing structure of underwater gliders may endure huge impact forces when entering water, leading to more intricate impact load characteristics and potential wing damage. This paper employs a computational fluid dynamics approach to analyze the water entry event of an airdropped underwater glider and its impact load behavior. The results indicate that the glider impact load is enhanced prominently by the wing, and that the extent of enhancement is influenced by the entry attitude. At an entry angle of 80°, the glider exhibits the maximum impact load during different water entry angles. In addition, a larger attack angle indicates a higher glider impact load. Our present study holds significant importance for both the hydrodynamic shape design and water entry strategy control of airdropped underwater gliders.
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Open AccessArticle
Machine Learning-Based Anomaly Detection on Seawater Temperature Data with Oversampling
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Hangoo Kang, Dongil Kim and Sungsu Lim
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 807; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050807 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2024
Abstract
This study deals with a method for anomaly detection in seawater temperature data using machine learning methods with oversampling techniques. Data were acquired from 2017 to 2023 using a Conductivity–Temperature–Depth (CTD) system in the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Sea of Korea. The
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This study deals with a method for anomaly detection in seawater temperature data using machine learning methods with oversampling techniques. Data were acquired from 2017 to 2023 using a Conductivity–Temperature–Depth (CTD) system in the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Sea of Korea. The seawater temperature data consist of 1414 profiles including 1218 normal and 196 abnormal profiles. This dataset has an imbalance problem in which the amount of abnormal data is insufficient compared to that of normal data. Therefore, we generated abnormal data with oversampling techniques using duplication, uniform random variable, Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), and autoencoder (AE) techniques for the balance of data class, and trained Interquartile Range (IQR)-based, one-class support vector machine (OCSVM), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models with a balanced dataset for anomaly detection. In the experimental results, the F1 score of the MLP showed the best performance at 0.882 in the combination of learning data, consisting of 30% of the minor data generated by SMOTE. This result is a 71.4%-point improvement over the F1 score of the IQR-based model, which is the baseline of this study, and is 1.3%-point better than the best-performing model among the models without oversampling data.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances on Intelligent Maintenance and Health Management in Ocean Engineering)
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Study on the Impact of Ammonia–Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion on Performance of a Medium-Speed Diesel Engine
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Hua Xiao, Wenxuan Ying, Aiguo Chen, Guansheng Chen, Yang Liu, Zhaochun Lyu, Zengyin Qiao, Jun Li, Zhenwei Zhou and Xi Deng
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050806 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2024
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The combustion of diesel fuel in internal combustion engines faces challenges associated with excessive emissions of pollutants. A direct solution to this issue is the incorporation of cleaner energy sources. In this study, a numerical model was constructed to investigate the characteristics of
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The combustion of diesel fuel in internal combustion engines faces challenges associated with excessive emissions of pollutants. A direct solution to this issue is the incorporation of cleaner energy sources. In this study, a numerical model was constructed to investigate the characteristics of ammonia–diesel dual-fuel application in a medium-speed diesel engine. Effects of ammonia–diesel blending ratios on engine performance and emissions were investigated. The results indicate that for this engine model, the optimal diesel energy ratio is about 22%. When the diesel energy ratio is less than 22%, the engine’s output performance is significantly affected by the diesel energy ratio, while above 22%, the influence of the intake becomes more pronounced. When the diesel energy ratio is below 16%, the cylinder cannot reach combustion conditions. Diesel energy ratios below 22% can cause ammonia leakage. With increasing diesel energy ratio, the final emissions of carbon oxides increase. With a higher diesel energy ratio, NO emissions become lower. When the diesel fuel energy ratio exceeds 22%, the N2O emissions can be almost neglected, while below 22%, with poor combustion conditions inside the cylinder, the N2O emissions will increase.
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Open AccessArticle
Calibration of the Modified Mohr–Coulomb Failure Criterion and Its Application in the Study of Collision Response of Ship Hull Plate Frame Structures
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Shiye Liu, Kun Liu, Hewei Liu, Shuai Zong, Yue Lu and Chuhao Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 805; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050805 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2024
Abstract
Within the lifecycle of a ship’s hull structure, damage due to collisions has been a focal point of research for researchers both domestically and internationally. To enhance the predictive accuracy of failure criteria in the simulation of ship hull collisions, this paper focuses
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Within the lifecycle of a ship’s hull structure, damage due to collisions has been a focal point of research for researchers both domestically and internationally. To enhance the predictive accuracy of failure criteria in the simulation of ship hull collisions, this paper focuses on the modified Mohr–Coulomb (MMC) failure criterion for metals, utilizing a hybrid experimental–numerical method for parameter calibration. Consideration of stress-state-dependent mesh size sensitivity has been amended, and the approach is integrated into the comprehensive nonlinear finite element software Abaqus 2020. Finite element tensile simulations were conducted to validate the effectiveness of the MMC criterion. Simulation analyses were conducted based on drop hammer collision experiments with various failure criteria and grid sizes. The comparative validation highlighted the superiority of the mesh size sensitivity-corrected MMC failure criterion. The outcomes of this research provide a foundation for assessing the structural safety of ship hulls.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Analysis of Marine Structures—Edition II)
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Characteristics and Reservoir Development Model of the Unconformity Caused by Huaiyuan Movement in Bohai Bay Basin, China: A Case Study of Chengdao-Zhuanghai Buried Hill in Jiyang Depression
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Ruijuan Liu, Guozhi Wang, Yongshi Wang, Xuefeng Hao, Feng Qin, Xianxu Fang, Wei Meng and Gang Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 804; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050804 (registering DOI) - 11 May 2024
Abstract
It is beneficial in terms of the theoretical significance and application prospects to define the structure and reservoir development model of the lower Paleozoic unconformity in the Jiyang Depression of Bohai Bay Basin, China, for oil and gas exploration of unconformity in carbonate
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It is beneficial in terms of the theoretical significance and application prospects to define the structure and reservoir development model of the lower Paleozoic unconformity in the Jiyang Depression of Bohai Bay Basin, China, for oil and gas exploration of unconformity in carbonate strata. Geological and geochemical evidence shows that a regional unconformity formed during the Huaiyuan Movement in the lower Paleozoic strata of the Jiyang Depression. Along the top of the regional unconformity between the Yeli Liangjiashan Formation and Fengshan Formation, various types of karst breccia have developed, showing prominent characteristics of development and vertical karst zonation. The paleokarst zone can be divided into the vadose zone and the underflow zone, and there are apparent differences between the two zones in terms of the mode of karst activity and type of reservoir space. Primitive sedimentary microfacies, dolomitization, and supergene karstification controlled the reservoirs of the Fengshan Formation and Yeli-Liangjiashan Formation. There are significant differences in the original physical properties due to the differences in the original sedimentary microfacies. The pore development of granular dolomite of high-energy beach facies has the best reservoir performance. In the later period, the superposition of dolomitization and supergene karstification resulted in apparent differences in karst development mode, development intensity, reservoir type, and reservoir physical properties. Among them, the granular dolomite reservoir has the best physical properties and has developed a cavity-type reservoir that has a planar distribution along an unconformity surface.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Efficient Exploration and Development of Oil & Gas from Ocean—2nd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
To Build or Not to Build: Considerations of Coastal Development in the Ancient Southern Levant
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Gil Gambash
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 803; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050803 (registering DOI) - 11 May 2024
Abstract
The employment of the maritime medium by Southern Levantine societies is examined here through its engagement with coastline facilitation and the building of artificial harbors where natural bays are insufficient or non-existent. The development and availability of technologies and methods are surveyed and
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The employment of the maritime medium by Southern Levantine societies is examined here through its engagement with coastline facilitation and the building of artificial harbors where natural bays are insufficient or non-existent. The development and availability of technologies and methods are surveyed and analyzed vis-à-vis local choices made to adopt or to reject mediating tools such as jetties, quays, and seawalls. The article discusses technological and conceptual innovations against the background of long-term practices, essentially in favor of natural features. Despite the early adoption of emerging technologies by such exemplars as Iron Age Atlit, Hellenistic Akko-Ptolemaïs, or Roman Caesarea, the rest of the Southern Levant did not join in, and Caesarea, Akko-Ptolemaïs, and Atlit fell short of maintaining their facilities in the long term. The solution for ships was found instead in natural anchorages and, much more dominantly, in the beaching of smaller vessels and offshore anchoring of larger ones.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Modification in Ancient Times: Echoes of the Past)
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Untangling Structural and Functional Diversity of Prokaryotic Microbial Assemblage on Mangrove Pneumatophores
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Varsha Bohra, Nora Fung-Yee Tam, Luzhen Chen, Kaze King-Yip Lai, Winnie Lam, Steven Jing-Liang Xu, Hai-Chao Zhou, Tao Lang, Chak-Lam Lee and Fred Wang-Fat Lee
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050802 (registering DOI) - 11 May 2024
Abstract
Mangroves are important coastal wetlands along tropical and subtropical regions. Pneumatophore, a kind of aerial root, is among the prominent components of a mangrove ecosystem, which provides microhabitats for a range of prokaryotic (bacteria and cyanobacteria) microbial assemblages, whose role in the maintenance
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Mangroves are important coastal wetlands along tropical and subtropical regions. Pneumatophore, a kind of aerial root, is among the prominent components of a mangrove ecosystem, which provides microhabitats for a range of prokaryotic (bacteria and cyanobacteria) microbial assemblages, whose role in the maintenance of mangrove ecology often remains neglected. Very few studies are available on pneumatophore-associated prokaryotic microorganisms (PAPMs). The majority of them are related to the microscopic identification of cyanobacteria, with very limited research on the bacterial population, even though they demand more attention. Also, very scarce information is available on biotic and abiotic factors shaping the PAPMs. The objective of this review is to highlight the structural and functional importance of prokaryotic organisms associated with pneumatophores. This review begins with a brief introduction of what mangrove pneumatophores are, then focuses on the PAPMs, accentuating the breadth and depth of information gained from previous research. We further discuss how a combination of a traditional cultivable approach and a newly developed omics approach can be efficaciously employed to untangle PAPMs. This review provides updated information on PAPMs, which will intensify the visibility and necessity of pneumatophore-associated microbial community research.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Environments: Recent Advances in Conservation and Sustainable Development)
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Research on Modeling Method of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Based on a Physics-Informed Neural Network
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Yifeng Zhao, Zhiqiang Hu, Weifeng Du, Lingbo Geng and Yi Yang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 801; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050801 (registering DOI) - 11 May 2024
Abstract
Accurately modeling the system dynamics of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) is imperative to facilitating the implementation of intelligent control. In this research, we introduce a physics-informed neural network (PINN) method to model the dynamics of AUVs by integrating dynamical equations with deep neural
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Accurately modeling the system dynamics of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) is imperative to facilitating the implementation of intelligent control. In this research, we introduce a physics-informed neural network (PINN) method to model the dynamics of AUVs by integrating dynamical equations with deep neural networks. This integration leverages the nonlinear expressive power of deep neural networks, alongside the robust foundation of physical prior knowledge, resulting in an AUV model proficient in long-term motion forecasting. The experimental results indicate that this method is capable of effectively extracting AUV system dynamics from datasets, exhibiting strong generalization capabilities and achieving robust long-term motion prediction. Furthermore, a model predictive control method is proposed, using the learned PINN as the predictive model to accurately track the closed-loop trajectory. This research offers novel perspectives on the dynamics modeling of AUVs and has the potential to be applied in other relevant research endeavors.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Simulating Future Exposure to Coastal Urban Flooding Using a Neural Network–Markov Model
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Ayyoub Frifra, Mohamed Maanan, Mehdi Maanan and Hassan Rhinane
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 800; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050800 (registering DOI) - 11 May 2024
Abstract
Urbanization and climate change are two major challenges of the 21st century, and the effects of climate change, combined with the urbanization of coastal areas, increase the frequency of coastal flooding and the area exposed to it, resulting in increased risk of flooding
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Urbanization and climate change are two major challenges of the 21st century, and the effects of climate change, combined with the urbanization of coastal areas, increase the frequency of coastal flooding and the area exposed to it, resulting in increased risk of flooding and larger numbers of people and properties being vulnerable. An urban growth modeling system was used to simulate future growth scenarios along the coast of the Vendée region in western France, and the potential exposure to flooding with each scenario was evaluated. The model used was an Artificial Neural Network combined with a Markov Chain, using data obtained by the remote sensing and geographic information system techniques to predict three future urban growth scenarios: business as usual, environmental protection, and strategic urban planning. High-risk flood areas and future sea level projections from the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change were then used to assess future flood risk under each growth scenario in the study area. According to the results, the different growth scenarios are associated with different development patterns, and the strategic urban planning scenario significantly reduces the risk of flooding compared to the other two scenarios. However, the rise in sea level considerably expands the areas vulnerable to flooding. Finally, the methodology adopted can be used to prepare for the impact of climate change and develop strategies to mitigate the risk of flooding in the future.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Coastal Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
Robust Fixed-Time Fault-Tolerant Control for USV with Prescribed Tracking Performance
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Zifu Li and Kai Lei
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 799; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050799 (registering DOI) - 10 May 2024
Abstract
The unmanned surface vessel (USV) is an emerging marine tool with its advantages of automation and intelligence in recent years; the good trajectory tracking performance is an important capability. This paper proposes a novel prescribed performance fixed-time fault-tolerant control scheme for a USV
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The unmanned surface vessel (USV) is an emerging marine tool with its advantages of automation and intelligence in recent years; the good trajectory tracking performance is an important capability. This paper proposes a novel prescribed performance fixed-time fault-tolerant control scheme for a USV with model parameter uncertainties, unknown external disturbances, and actuator faults, based on an improved fixed-time disturbances observer. Firstly, the proposed observer can not only accurately and quickly estimate and compensate the lumped nonlinearity, including actuator faults, but also reduce the chattering phenomenon by introducing the hyperbolic tangent function. Then, under the framework of prescribed performance control, a prescribed performance fault-tolerant controller is designed based on a nonsingular fixed-time sliding mode surface, which guarantees the transient and steady-state performance of a USV under actuator faults and meets the prescribed tracking performance requirements. In addition, it is proved that the closed-loop control system has fixed-time stability according to Lyapunov’s theory. Finally, upon conducting numerical simulations and comparing the proposed control scheme with the SMC and the finite-time NFTSMC scheme, it is evident that the absolute error tracking performance index of the proposed control scheme is significantly lower, thus indicating its superior accuracy.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Ships and Waterways: Design, Operation and Advanced Technology)
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Experimental Study on the Hot Surface Ignition Characteristics and a Predictive Model of Marine Diesel in a Ship Engine Room
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Kan Wang, Rui Qiu, Yang Ming and Hang Xu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 798; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050798 (registering DOI) - 10 May 2024
Abstract
To ensure the safe protection of marine engine systems, it is necessary to explore the hot surface ignition (HSI) characteristics of marine diesel in ship environments. However, an accurate model describing these complex characteristics is still not available. In this work, a new
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To ensure the safe protection of marine engine systems, it is necessary to explore the hot surface ignition (HSI) characteristics of marine diesel in ship environments. However, an accurate model describing these complex characteristics is still not available. In this work, a new experimental method is proposed in order to enhance prediction performance by integrating testing data of the characteristics of HSI of marine diesel. The sensitivity of HSI is determined by various factors such as surface parameters, flow state, and the ship’s environment. According to variations in the HSI status of marine diesel in an engine room, the HSI probability is distributed in three phases. It is essential to determine whether the presence of marine diesel or surrounding items can intensify the risk of an initial fire beginning in the engine room. A vapor plume model was developed to describe the relationship between HSI height and initial specific buoyancy flux in vertical space. Further, field distribution revealed significant variation in the increase in temperature between 200 and 300 mm of vertical height, indicating a region of initial HSI. In addition, increasing surface temperature did not result in a significant change in ignition delay time. After reaching a temperature of 773 K, the ignition delay time remained around 0.48 s, regardless of how much the hot surface temperature increased. This study reveals the HSI evolution of marine diesel in a ship engine room and develops data-based predictive models for evaluating the safety of HSI parameters during initial accident assessments. The results show that the goodness of fit of the predictive models reached above 0.964. On the basis of the predicted results, the HSI characteristics of marine diesel in engine rooms could be gleaned by actively determining the parameters of risk.
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(This article belongs to the Section Marine Hazards)
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Implementation of a Far-Field Water Quality Model for the Simulation of Trace Elements in an Eastern Mediterranean Coastal Embayment Receiving High Anthropogenic Pressure
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Aikaterini Anna Mazioti, Vassilis Kolovoyiannis, Evangelia Krasakopoulou, Elina Tragou, Vassilis Zervakis, Georgia Assimakopoulou, Alexandros Athiniotis, Vasiliki Paraskevopoulou, Alexandra Pavlidou and Christina Zeri
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050797 - 10 May 2024
Abstract
Water quality modeling is a key element for the support of environmental protection and policymaking. The aim of this work is to describe the application of a far-field water quality model for the simulation of marine pollution occurring from heavy metals (cadmium, lead,
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Water quality modeling is a key element for the support of environmental protection and policymaking. The aim of this work is to describe the application of a far-field water quality model for the simulation of marine pollution occurring from heavy metals (cadmium, lead, nickel, copper, and zinc). The highly stressed marine area of the Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean) was chosen for investigation. Major pollution sources were identified, loads were estimated, and the model was parameterized to reproduce the local seawater conditions. The distribution of the pollutants between the dissolved and particulate phases was examined. The performance of the model set-up was evaluated using field concentration measurements. The described implementation succeeded in reproducing the observed levels of pollution and therefore can be used as a baseline configuration to examine the cumulative impact of future pollution sources; for example, accidental pollution events.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamics and Water Quality in Coastal Systems: Numerical Modelling and Observations)
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Open AccessArticle
Concept Design of a 15 MW TLP-Type Floating Wind Platform for Korean Offshore Installation
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Sung Youn Boo, Yoon-Jin Ha, Steffen Allan Shelley, Ji-Yong Park, Chang-Hyuck Lim and Kyong-Hwan Kim
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 796; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050796 - 10 May 2024
Abstract
Offshore wind farms on the east offshore of Korea to produce multi-GW power from floating wind platforms are being planned. The objectives of the present study are to develop a new TLP-type floating wind platform with a 15 MW turbine for the planned
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Offshore wind farms on the east offshore of Korea to produce multi-GW power from floating wind platforms are being planned. The objectives of the present study are to develop a new TLP-type floating wind platform with a 15 MW turbine for the planned site and to confirm the feasibility of the TLP design under extreme typhoon environments. The concept design of the 15 MW TLP floating platform was completed for installation at a water depth of 137 m. The platform was vertically moored with highly pretensioned wire rope tendons. The platform and tendons were designed to withstand extreme conditions for up to 50 years. Additionally, a platform with an integrated turbine was designed to be wet-towable from the quayside without dedicated vessels to minimize the pre-service cost and risk. An extreme response analysis was conducted to evaluate the platform motion, acceleration, airgap and tendon tension for wave variation, intact and damaged condition of the tendon, environment heading change, and water level variation. The platform design results were validated using the design criteria from the industry standards and recommendations, and the design was verified to comply with the design requirements for the planned sites.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamic Research of Marine Structures)
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Oceanographic Research in the Thermaikos Gulf: A Review over Five Decades
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Yannis Androulidakis, Christos Makris, Katerina Kombiadou, Yannis Krestenitis, Natassa Stefanidou, Chryssanthi Antoniadou, Evangelia Krasakopoulou, Maria-Ignatia Kalatzi, Vasilis Baltikas, Maria Moustaka-Gouni and Chariton Charles Chintiroglou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 795; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050795 (registering DOI) - 9 May 2024
Abstract
The Thermaikos Gulf (TG) is a semi-enclosed, river-influenced, marine system situated in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, sustaining both urban coastal regions and ecologically preserved natural areas. Facing a plethora of environmental and anthropogenic pressures, the TG serves as a critical nexus where human
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The Thermaikos Gulf (TG) is a semi-enclosed, river-influenced, marine system situated in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, sustaining both urban coastal regions and ecologically preserved natural areas. Facing a plethora of environmental and anthropogenic pressures, the TG serves as a critical nexus where human activities intersect with marine ecosystems. The quality and health of the TG’s marine environment are tightly linked to the socioeconomic activities of the coastal communities comprising approximately 1.5 million inhabitants. The main features of the TG’s environmental dynamics and ecological status have been scrutinized by dedicated research endeavors during the last 50 years. This review synthesizes the seminal findings of these investigations, offering an evaluation of their contribution to research, their present collective impact, and their trajectory toward the future. A severe deterioration of the TG’s environmental quality was detected in the 1970s and 1980s when the treatment of urban wastewater was completely absent. A steady trend of recovery was observed after the 1990s; however, so far, the goal of a “good environmental state” mandated by national legislation and European directives has not been achieved. A clear reduction in research was detected after 2010, associated with the recession of the Greek economy, following the “golden period” for research in the TG from the mid-1990s until the late 2000s. The most important research gaps and uncertainties are discussed, while specific targeted recommendations for the improvement of monitoring and understanding of the physical, biochemical, and ecological state of the gulf are provided: (i) increase in permanent observational stations (temporally and spatially); (ii) inclusion of all major environmental parameters; (iii) monitoring of the quantity and quality of all land-originated freshwater discharges; (iv) monitoring and management of important aspects of the marine environment that have received minimal attention in the past (e.g., coastal erosion, plastic pollution); (v) development of accurate prediction tools (e.g., numerical techniques) to support first-level responders and efficient management; (vi) establishment of a supervising public entity that would support the holistic overview and management of the entire TG. These suggestions are directed at overcoming the existing uncertainties in the knowledge of the TG, safeguarding its ecological integrity and its role as a crucial link to marine biodiversity and sustainability in the Mediterranean basin.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamic Circulation Modelling in the Marine Environment)
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Planing Hull Hydrodynamic Performance Prediction Using LincoSim Virtual Towing Tank
by
Ermina Begovic, Carlo Bertorello, Raffaele Ponzini and Francesco Salvadore
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 794; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050794 - 9 May 2024
Abstract
This work shows the performance of LincoSim, a web-based virtual towing tank enabling automated and standardized calm water computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data sampling, extending previous published applications to the case of a high-speed hull. The calculations are performed for a 1:10 scale
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This work shows the performance of LincoSim, a web-based virtual towing tank enabling automated and standardized calm water computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data sampling, extending previous published applications to the case of a high-speed hull. The calculations are performed for a 1:10 scale model of a 43 ft powerboat hull form in the Froude number range from 0.3 to 2.0. The counterpart physical model is the experimental fluid dynamics (EFD) campaign performed at the University of Naples Federico II, where the resistance, sinkage and trim data have been measured. The EFD/CFD data comparison is performed and shown with a discussion of the spotted differences. The average percentage differences between the EFD and CFD data for the whole speed range are 1.84, 6.87 and 6.94 for the resistance, dynamic trim, and sinkage, respectively. These results confirm the maturity of the standardized and automated CFD modeling for calm water hydrodynamic analysis included in LincoSim, even at very high Froude numbers. The wetted length of the keel and chine and the wetted surface are calculated from numerical data using the advanced post-processing. Finally, as a work in progress, we test a first comparison for the same hull of the EFD and CFD data, considering two seakeeping conditions for head waves at a given wavelength for two velocity conditions. Also, this kind of analysis confirms the tight correlation between the measured and computed outcomes. This synergic interplay of EFD and CFD can link the advantages of both methods to support hull design but also requires experiment planning and final data analysis to obtain physical parameters not easily measurable in laboratory, such as the wetted surface, wetted lengths, proper viscous contribution, and pressure distribution both in calm water and in waves.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue CFD Applications in Ship and Offshore Hydrodynamics)
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Effect of Biologger Attachment on the Stress and Health State of the Spotted Sea Bass Lateolabrax maculatus
by
Sung-Yong Oh, Jun-Ho Maeng and Han-Seung Kang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050793 - 9 May 2024
Abstract
The biologger is a widely used tool in biotelemetry for investigating marine fish. However, studies reported that the attachment of biologgers has a negative effect on the target organisms. We assessed the health status of spotted sea bass with attached biologgers by analyzing
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The biologger is a widely used tool in biotelemetry for investigating marine fish. However, studies reported that the attachment of biologgers has a negative effect on the target organisms. We assessed the health status of spotted sea bass with attached biologgers by analyzing changes in their serum biochemistry and biomarker gene expression at varying biologger/fish body weight ratios. Especially, the assessment of the health status using biomarker genes offers the rapid evaluation of the condition of an individual. The genes bax, hsp70-2, and Cx32.7, associated with apoptosis, stress, and immunity, were selected as biomarker genes to assess the fish stress levels and overall health. The experimental groups included a control group without the biologger (C) and biologger-equipped groups, each carrying a biologger whose weight was 2.0–3.0% (W2), 5.0–6.0% (W5), and 10.0–12.0% (W10) of the fish body weight. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21 post-attachment. The expression of bax, hsp70-2, and Cx32.7 was analyzed in the liver and muscle on day 21. The W10 group showed significantly higher levels of superoxide dismutase on day 1 and of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase on day 7 than the other groups. On day 21 post-attachment, regardless of the biologger/fish body weight ratio, the liver and muscle tissues from groups W2, W5, and W10 showed significantly higher expression of bax, hsp70-2, and Cx32.7 than those from group C, respectively. However, there was no significant change in blood parameters depending on the weight of the attached biologger on day 21 post-attachment. These results indicate that the spotted sea bass gradually adapted to the attached biologgers of weights up to 10–12% of their body weight under our experimental conditions, providing clues to determine the timing of biologger release for biotelemetry studies.
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(This article belongs to the Section Marine Biology)
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