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Recent Developments in Perinatal-Preterm and Term-Neonatal Nutrition—Physiology, New Hypothesis and Interventions

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2024 | Viewed by 4190

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Walter A. Mihatsch

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Pediatrics, Ulm University, 89075 Ulm, Germany
2. Department of Health Management, Neu-Ulm University of Applied Sciences, 89231 Neu-Ulm, Germany
Interests: preterm and term infant enteral and parenteral nutrition; bone mineralization; family integrated care
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Miguel Saenz de Pipaon

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Guest Editor

Department of Neonatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain
Interests: preterm and term infant parenteral and enteral nutrition; feeding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that pre-, peri- and postnatal nutrition during the first 1000 days (from conception to two years of age) significantly affects long-term development and neurodevelopmental outcome. In addition, the patients’ survival, especially in the most immature preterm infants, significantly improved during the recent decades. On the other hand, there is still significant postnatal malnutrition and growth failure.

For this upcoming Nutrients Special Issue, it is our pleasure to invite researchers to contribute papers that explore recent developments in fetal, perinatal, preterm, and term-neonatal nutrition or feeding focusing on physiology, new hypothesis, and interventions to improve care and outcome.

Prof. Dr. Walter A. Mihatsch
Dr. Miguel Saenz de Pipaon
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

nutrition
preterm infants
term infant
parenteral nutrition
prebiotics
probiotics
symbiotics
oligosaccharides
hydrolyzed protein
amino acids
feeding

Published Papers (5 papers)

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13 pages, 843 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metabolic and Low-Grade Inflammation Risk in Young Adults with a History of Extrauterine Growth Restriction

by Laura Palomino-Fernández, Belén Pastor-Villaescusa, Inmaculada Velasco, María de la Cruz Rico, Juan Roa, Ángel Gil and Mercedes Gil-Campos

Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1608; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111608 - 24 May 2024

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Abstract

Children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), later at prepubertal age, exhibit an increased metabolic risk including risen insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. However, the progression of such metabolic changes after puberty and the lasting health implications have not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether young adults with a history of EUGR faced increased vulnerability to metabolic disorders. A study was conducted comparing a group of adults with a history of EUGR with a healthy reference group. A total of 110 young adults (36 from the EUGR group and 74 from the control group) were included. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure (BP), general biochemical parameters, plasma inflammatory biomarkers, and adipokines were assessed. Compared to the reference group, the EUGR group had a shorter height and body weight with higher lean mass and waist circumference, as well as a greater percentage of individuals with high BP. In addition, EUGR patients had higher values of insulin, HOMA-IR, nerve growth factor, and leptin, and lower levels of adiponectin and resistin. The present study suggests that young adults with a history of EUGR present increased metabolic risk factors therefore, clinical follow-up should be considered. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Perinatal-Preterm and Term-Neonatal Nutrition—Physiology, New Hypothesis and Interventions)

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13 pages, 288 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Early Extra-Uterine Growth Restriction in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Neonates with Normal or Mildly Abnormal Brain MRI: Effects on a 2–3-Year Neurodevelopmental Outcome

by Paolo Massirio, Marcella Battaglini, Irene Bonato, Sara De Crescenzo, Maria Grazia Calevo, Mariya Malova, Samuele Caruggi, Alessandro Parodi, Deborah Preiti, Agata Zoia, Sara Uccella, Domenico Tortora, Mariasavina Severino, Andrea Rossi, Cristina Traggiai, Lino Nobili, Pasquale Striano and Luca Antonio Ramenghi

Nutrients 2024, 16(3), 449; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030449 - 3 Feb 2024

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Abstract

Extra-uterine growth restriction (EUGR) is a common complication and a known risk factor for impaired development in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) neonates. We report a population of 288 patients with no or with low-grade MRI lesions scanned at a term equivalent age (TEA) born between 2012 and 2018. Griffiths Mental Development Scale II (GMDS II) at 2 and 3 years, preterm complications and weight growth were retrospectively analyzed. EUGR was defined for weight z-score ˂ 10 percentile at TEA, 6 and 12 months of correct age or as z-score decreased by 1-point standard deviation (SDS) from birth to TEA and from TEA to 6 months. Multivariate analysis showed that a higher weight z-score at 6 months is protective for the global developmental quotient (DQ) at 2 years (OR 0.74; CI 95% 0.59–0.93; p = 0.01). EUGR at 6 months was associated with worse locomotor, personal/social, language and performance DQ at 2 years and worse language and practical reasoning DQ at 3 years. In conclusion, a worse weight z-score at 6 months of age seems to be an independent risk factor for significantly reduced GMDS in many areas. These results suggest that we should invest more into post-discharge nutrition, optimizing family nutritional education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Perinatal-Preterm and Term-Neonatal Nutrition—Physiology, New Hypothesis and Interventions)

12 pages, 1903 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Umbilical Cord Creatine Flux and Time Course of Human Milk Creatine across Lactation

by Walter Alexander Mihatsch, Bernd Stahl and Ulrike Braun

Nutrients 2024, 16(3), 345; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030345 - 24 Jan 2024

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Abstract

(1) Background: The aim of the present paper was to study fetal and infant creatine (Cr) supply to improve nutrition and neuroprotection in term and especially in preterm infants. The primary outcomes were the placental Cr flux at the end of pregnancy and the time course of human milk (HM) Cr. (2) Methods: The estimation of placental Cr flux was based on umbilical arterial and venous cord blood Cr in 10 term infants after elective caesarian section. HM Cr, creatinine (Crn), and macronutrients were measured longitudinally in 10 mothers across the first 6 months of breastfeeding. (3) Results: At the end of pregnancy, the mean fetal Cr flux was negative (−2.07 mmol/min). HM Cr was highest in colostrum, decreased significantly within the first 2 weeks of breastfeeding (p < 0.05), and did not change significantly thereafter. HM Cr was not correlated with HM Crn or macronutrient composition. (4) Conclusions: The present data suggest that fetal endogenous Cr synthesis covers the needs at the end of pregnancy. However, high colostrum Cr and HM Cr levels, independent of macronutrient composition, suggest that there may be a critical Cr demand immediately after birth that needs to be covered by enteral supply. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Perinatal-Preterm and Term-Neonatal Nutrition—Physiology, New Hypothesis and Interventions)

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7 pages, 526 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Nutritional Outcomes of Bowel Lengthening Procedure in Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome

by Tena Niseteo, Mia Šalamon Janečić, Sara Sila, Anuka Torić, Laura Serdar, Stjepan Višnjić, Francisca Tolete Velcek, Marko Mesić and Iva Hojsak

Nutrients 2024, 16(10), 1456; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101456 - 12 May 2024

Viewed by 549

Abstract

Background: Although parenteral nutrition (PN) significantly improves mortality rates in pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS), long-term PN has many possible complications and impacts quality of life. Bowel lengthening procedures (BLPs) increase the contact surface of food and the intestinal mucosa and enable the better absorption of nutrients and liquids, possibly leading to a PN decrease. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with short bowel syndrome who underwent BLPs in the period from January 2016 to January 2022. Overall, eight patients, four male, five born prematurely, underwent BLPs. Results: There was a significant decrease in the percentage of total caloric intake provided via PN and PN volume after the BLPs. The more evident results were seen 6 months after the procedure and at the last follow-up, which was, on average, 31 months after the procedure. Two patients were weaned off PN after their BLPs. Patients remained well nourished during the follow-up. Conclusions: The BLP led to a significant decrease in PN needs and an increase in the food intake; however, significant changes happened more than 6 months after the procedure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Perinatal-Preterm and Term-Neonatal Nutrition—Physiology, New Hypothesis and Interventions)

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19 pages, 864 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Plant-Derived Substances for Prevention of Necrotising Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies

by Cheryl Anne Mackay, Chandra Rath, Shripada Rao and Sanjay Patole

Nutrients 2024, 16(6), 832; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060832 - 14 Mar 2024

Viewed by 777

Abstract

Inflammation, oxidative injury, and gut dysbiosis play an important role in the pathogenesis of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Plant-derived substances have historically been used as therapeutic agents due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. We aimed to review pre-clinical evidence for plant-derived substances in the prevention and treatment of NEC. A systematic review was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, EMCARE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library (PROSPERO CRD42022365477). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs that evaluated a plant-derived substance as an intervention for NEC in an animal model of the illness and compared pre-stated outcomes (e.g., clinical severity, severity of intestinal injury, mortality, laboratory markers of inflammation and oxidative injury) were included. Sixteen studies (n = 610) were included in the systematic review. Ten of the sixteen included RCTs (Preterm rat pups: 15, Mice: 1) reported mortality and all reported NEC-related histology. Meta-analysis showed decreased mortality [12/134 vs. 27/135; RR: 0.48 (95% CI: 0.26 to 0.87); p = 0.02, 10 RCTs] and decreased NEC in the experimental group [24/126 vs. 55/79; RR: 0.34 (95% CI: 0.22 to 0.52); p < 0.001, 6 RCTs]. Markers of inflammation (n = 11) and oxidative stress (n = 13) improved in all the studies that have reported this outcome. There was no significant publication bias for the outcome of mortality. Plant-derived substances have the potential to reduce the incidence and severity of histologically diagnosed NEC and mortality in rodent models. These findings are helpful in guiding further pre-clinical studies towards developing a food supplement for the prevention of NEC in preterm infants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Perinatal-Preterm and Term-Neonatal Nutrition—Physiology, New Hypothesis and Interventions)

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