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Remote Sensing
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GNSS Positioning and Navigation in Remote Sensing Applications
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GNSS Positioning and Navigation in Remote Sensing Applications

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2024) | Viewed by 3600

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Wenwen Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
Interests: GNSS precise positioning and orbit determination; LEO navigation augmentation; GNSS ionosphere sounding
Prof. Dr. Min Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
Interests: GNSS/LEO precise orbit determination; LEO navigation augmentation; GNSS atmosphere sounding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Liang Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123008, China
Interests: BDS/GNSS precise positioning; PPP integrity monitoring; GNSS augmentation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lei Fan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: precise orbit determination; precise point positioning; multi-GNSS and multi-frequency; geodetic parameter estimation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

GNSS has been acting as a fundamental infrastructure for the sounding of the ionosphere and troposphere for decades. With ground- and satellite-based GNSS observation techniques, ionosphere and troposphere models and products are derived and produced at different temporal and spatial scales with good accuracies. This in turn facilitates the research and application of GNSS precise positioning and navigation by providing accurate a priori information on atmospheric delays. Moreover, recent developments in the GNSS community highlight the deployment of low-earth-orbit satellite constellations for navigation augmentation, which will further bring about new thoughts and methodologies on using combined GNSS/LEO observations for enhanced remote sensing.

In this regard, we are pleased to announce the launch of a new Special Issue of Remote Sensing, entitled “GNSS Positioning and Navigation in Remote Sensing Applications”. The goal of this Special Issue is to collect new algorithms, methods, and results on ionosphere and troposphere retrieval and production based on GNSS observations, as well as their applications in GNSS precise positioning and navigation. Research topics include, but are not limited to, the following: (a) ionosphere/troposphere retrieval and modeling based on GNSS; (b) GNSS precise positioning assisted by ionosphere and troposphere models and products; and (c) combined GNSS and LEO for ionosphere and troposphere sounding. Papers focusing on the following aspects are especially welcome:

  • GNSS precise positioning: methods and algorithms;
  • LEO-enhanced GNSS positioning and navigation;
  • Ionosphere modeling with GNSS;
  • GNSS troposphere sounding and modeling;
  • LEO-enhanced GNSS remote sensing.

Dr. Wenwen Li
Prof. Dr. Min Li
Prof. Dr. Liang Chen
Dr. Lei Fan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • global navigation satellite system (GNSS)
  • ionosphere
  • troposphere
  • precise point positioning
  • precise real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning
  • LEO augmentation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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18 pages, 9065 KiB  
Article
Modeling of Solar Radiation Pressure for BDS-3 MEO Satellites with Inter-Satellite Link Measurements
by Yifei Lv, Zihao Liu, Rui Jiang and Xin Xie
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(20), 3900; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16203900 - 20 Oct 2024
Viewed by 569
Abstract
As the largest non-gravitational force, solar radiation pressure (SRP) causes significant errors in precise orbit determination (POD) of the BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite. This is mainly due to the imperfect modeling of the satellite’s cuboid body. [...] Read more.
As the largest non-gravitational force, solar radiation pressure (SRP) causes significant errors in precise orbit determination (POD) of the BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite. This is mainly due to the imperfect modeling of the satellite’s cuboid body. Since the BDS-3’s inter-satellite link (ISL) can enhance the orbit estimation of BDS-3 satellites, the aim of this study is to establish an a priori SRP model for the satellite body using 281-day ISL observations to reduce the systematic errors in the final orbits. The adjustable box wind (ABW) model is employed to refine the optical parameters for the satellite buses. The self-shadow effect caused by the search and rescue (SAR) antenna is considered. Satellite laser ranging (SLR), day-boundary discontinuity (DBD), and overlapping Allan deviation (OADEV) are utilized as indicators to assess the performance of the a priori model. With the a priori model developed by both ISL and ground observation, the slopes of SLR residual for the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) and Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites (SECM) satellites decrease from −0.097 cm/deg and 0.067 cm/deg to −0.004 cm/deg and −0.009 cm/deg, respectively. The standard deviation decreased by 21.8% and 26.6%, respectively. There are slight enhancements in the average values of DBD and OADEV, and a reduced β-dependent variation is observed in the OADEV of the corresponding clock offset. We also found that considering the SAR antenna only slightly improves the orbit accuracy. These results demonstrate that an a priori model established for the BDS-3 MEO satellite body can reduce the systematic errors in orbits, and the parameters estimated using both ISL and ground observation are superior to those estimated using only ground observation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue GNSS Positioning and Navigation in Remote Sensing Applications)
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24 pages, 9286 KiB  
Article
Doppler Positioning with LEO Mega-Constellation: Equation Properties and Improved Algorithm
by Zichen Xu, Zongnan Li, Xiaohui Liu, Zhimin Ji, Qianqian Wu, Hao Liu and Chao Wen
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(16), 2958; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162958 - 12 Aug 2024
Viewed by 847
Abstract
Doppler positioning, as an early form of positioning, has regained significant research interest in the context of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites.Given the LEO mega-constellation scenario, the objective function of Doppler positioning manifests significant nonlinearity, leading to ill-conditioning challenges for prevalent algorithms like [...] Read more.
Doppler positioning, as an early form of positioning, has regained significant research interest in the context of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites.Given the LEO mega-constellation scenario, the objective function of Doppler positioning manifests significant nonlinearity, leading to ill-conditioning challenges for prevalent algorithms like iterative least squares (LS) estimation, especially in cases where inappropriate initial values are selected. In this study, we investigate the causes of ill-posed problems from two perspectives. Firstly, we analyze the linearization errors of the Doppler observation equations in relation to satellite orbital altitude and initial value errors, revealing instances where traditional algorithms may fail to converge. Secondly, from an optimization theory perspective, we demonstrate the occurrence of convergence to locally non-unique solutions for Doppler positioning. Subsequently, to address these ill-conditioning issues, we introduce Tikhonov regularization terms in the objective function to constrain algorithm divergence, with a fitted model for the regularization coefficient. Finally, we conduct comprehensive simulation experiments in both dynamic and static scenarios to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. On the one hand, when the initial values are set to 0, our algorithm achieves high-precision positioning, whereas the iterative LS fails to converge. On the other hand, in certain simulation scenarios, the iterative LS converges to locally non-unique solutions, resulting in positioning errors exceeding 50 km in the north and east directions, several hundred kilometers in the vertical direction, and velocity errors surpassing 120 m/s. In contrast, our algorithm demonstrates typical errors of a position error of 6.8462 m, velocity error of 0.0137 m/s, and clock drift error of 8.3746 × 10−6 s/s. This work provides an effective solution to the sensitivity issue of initial points in Doppler positioning and can serve as a reference for the algorithm design of Doppler positioning receivers with LEO mega-constellations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue GNSS Positioning and Navigation in Remote Sensing Applications)
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27 pages, 6806 KiB  
Article
Influence of Inter-System Biases on Combined Single-Frequency BDS-2 and BDS-3 Pseudorange Positioning of Different Types of Receivers
by Zeyu Ma, Jianhui Cui, Zhimin Liu, Xing Su, Yan Xiang, Yan Xu, Chenlong Deng, Mengtang Hui and Qing Li
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(10), 1710; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101710 - 11 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 817
Abstract
The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has developed rapidly, and the combination of BDS Phase II (BDS-2) and BDS Phase III (BDS-3) has attracted wide attention. It is found that there are code ISBs between BDS-2 and BDS-3, which may have a certain [...] Read more.
The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has developed rapidly, and the combination of BDS Phase II (BDS-2) and BDS Phase III (BDS-3) has attracted wide attention. It is found that there are code ISBs between BDS-2 and BDS-3, which may have a certain impact on the BDS-2 and BDS-3 combined positioning. This paper focuses on the performance of BDS-2/BDS-3 combined B1I single-frequency pseudorange positioning and investigates the positioning performance with and without code ISBs correction for different types of receivers, include geodetic GNSS receivers and low-cost receivers. The results show the following: (1) For geodetic GNSS receivers, the code ISBs of each receiver is about −0.3 m to −0.8 m, and the position deviation is reduced by 7% after correcting code ISBs. The code ISBs in the baseline with homogeneous receivers has a little influence on the positioning result, which can be ignored. The code ISBs in the baseline with heterogeneous receivers is about −0.5 m, and the position deviation is reduced by 4% after correcting code ISBs. (2) The code ISBs in the low-cost receivers are significantly larger than those in the geodetic GNSS receivers, and the impact on the positioning performance of the low-cost receivers is significantly greater than that on the geodetic GNSS receivers. After correcting the code ISBs, the position deviation of low-cost receivers can be reduced by around 12% for both undifferenced and differenced modes. (3) For low-cost receivers, correcting the code ISBs can increase the number of epochs successfully solved, which effectively improves the low-cost navigation and positioning performance. (4) The carrier-phase-smoothing method can effectively reduce the distribution dispersion of code ISBs and make the estimation of ISBs more accurate. The STD values of estimated code ISBs in geodetic GNSS receivers are reduced by about 40% after carrier-phase smoothing, while the corresponding values are reduced by about 7% in low-cost receivers due to their poor carrier-phase observation quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue GNSS Positioning and Navigation in Remote Sensing Applications)
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15 pages, 4718 KiB  
Technical Note
Precise Orbit Determination for Maneuvering HY2D Using Onboard GNSS Data
by Kexin Xu, Xuhua Zhou, Kai Li, Xiaomei Wang, Hailong Peng and Feng Gao
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(13), 2410; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132410 - 1 Jul 2024
Viewed by 747
Abstract
The Haiyang-2D (HY2D) satellite is the fourth ocean dynamics environment monitoring satellite launched by China. The satellite operates on a re-entry frozen orbit, which necessitates orbital maneuvers to maintain its designated path once the satellite’s sub-satellite point deviates beyond a certain threshold. However, [...] Read more.
The Haiyang-2D (HY2D) satellite is the fourth ocean dynamics environment monitoring satellite launched by China. The satellite operates on a re-entry frozen orbit, which necessitates orbital maneuvers to maintain its designated path once the satellite’s sub-satellite point deviates beyond a certain threshold. However, the execution of orbit maneuvers presents a significant challenge to the field of Precise Orbit Determination (POD). The thesis selects the on-board GPS data of HY2D satellite in December 2023 and five maneuvering days of that year. Employing a multifaceted approach that includes the assessment of observational data quality, orbit overlap, external orbit validation, and SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging) verification, the research delves into precise orbit determination during both maneuver and non-maneuver periods. The results indicate that: (1) The average number of satellites tracked by the receiver is 6.4; (2) During the non-maneuver periods, the average RMS (Root Mean Square) value of the radial difference in the 6-h overlapping arc segment is 0.66 cm, and the three-dimensional position difference is about 1.16 cm; (3) When compared with the precision science orbits (PSO) provided by CNES (Centre National d’Études Spatiales), the average values of the RMS values of the differences in the radial (R), transverse (T), and normal (N) directions during the non-maneuver and maneuver periods are respectively 1.32 cm, 2.31 cm, 1.92 cm and 3.04 cm, 8.78 cm, 2.72 cm. (4) The SLR verification of the orbit revealed a residual RMS of 2.24 cm. This suggests that by incorporating the modeling of maneuver forces during the maneuver periods, the impact of orbital maneuvers on orbit determination can be mitigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue GNSS Positioning and Navigation in Remote Sensing Applications)
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