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Antibody against Viral Infection: Advances in the Era of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody

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A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathogens-host Immune Interface".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 12202

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Laurent Dacheux

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Guest Editor

Institut Pasteur, National Reference Centre for Rabies, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, 75724 Paris, France
Interests: rabies; lyssavirus; rhabdovirus; animal reservoir; bat; epidemiology; virus diffusion; host-virus interaction; surveillance; public health; one health; control programs; zoonosis
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antibodies are one of the key components of the immune system to control viral infections. The control by this armed component of the humoral immunity is dual, based on direct interference with the viral replication process (mainly through a neutralization effect on virions) or by targeting infected cells to immune effector cells. Therefore, interest in these molecules as antiviral compounds was quickly exploited, one of the first applications being serotherapy in an immunoprophylaxis approach (e.g., rabies post-exposure prophylaxis). The recent advent of the era of monoclonal antibodies, made possible by hybridoma technology, has opened new avenues in the field of therapeutics for viral disease. Indeed, this active area of research has led to the clinical development of a growing number of monoclonal antibodies targeting viral diseases, with two products on the market (palivizumab in the immunoprophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection, and Rmab in the post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies). In parallel, significant progress is being made in deciphering the antiviral mechanisms of these antibodies. This is mainly reliant on the resolution of molecular structures of antibody–antigen complexes obtained by crystallography, but also on the understanding of the activities of cellular effectors induced after the recognition of these complexes.

This Special Issue of Vaccines is open to original reports, perspectives, reviews, or research articles focusing on recent advances on the use of antibodies against viral infection. The submission of articles covering the following research areas is especially encouraged:

- Experimental development, characterization, or clinical evaluation of novel or existing antiviral antibodies;

- Mechanisms of antiviral activities of antibodies;

- Development of vaccine strategies to elicit antiviral antibodies.

Dr. Laurent Dacheux
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

antibody (monoclonal or polyclonal)
humoral immunity
antiviral
virus
vaccine
immunoprophylaxis
neutralization
cellular effectors
clinical evaluation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3299 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Generation and Characterization of a Spike Glycoprotein Domain A-Specific Neutralizing Single-Chain Variable Fragment against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

by Chia-Yu Chang, Yong-Sheng Wang, Jou-Fei Wu, Tzu-Jing Yang, Yen-Chen Chang, Chanhee Chae, Hui-Wen Chang and Shang-Te Danny Hsu

Vaccines 2021, 9(8), 833; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080833 - 29 Jul 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3259

Abstract

The emergence of the genotype (G) 2 and re-emergence of the G1 porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused severe economic impacts in the past decade. Developments of efficient vaccines against new variants of PEDV have been challenging, not least because of the difficulties in eliciting mucosal and lactogenic immunity. A single-chain fragment variable (scFv) capable of efficient antigen recognition is an alternative to vaccination and treatment of a viral infection. In the present study, the variable regions of the light chain and the heavy chain of a G2b PEDV spike domain A (S1^A)-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) were sequenced, constructed with a (G4S) x3 linker, and produced by a mammalian protein expression system. Our results demonstrated that the PEDV S1^A domain scFv was able to bind to S proteins of both G1 and G2b PEDVs. Nevertheless, the scFv was only capable of neutralizing the homologous G2b PEDV but not the G1 PEDV. The binding ability of the G2b-specific neutralizing scFv was not able to predict the neutralizing ability toward heterologous PEDV. The anti-PEDV S1^A scFv presented herein serves as a potential therapeutic candidate against the virulent G2b PEDV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibody against Viral Infection: Advances in the Era of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody)

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17 pages, 3241 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Targeted Alteration of Antibody-Based Immunodominance Enhances the Heterosubtypic Immunity of an Experimental PCV2 Vaccine

by AGM Rakibuzzaman, Oleksandr Kolyvushko, Gagandeep Singh, Peter Nara, Pablo Piñeyro, Estelle Leclerc, Angela Pillatzki and Sheela Ramamoorthy

Vaccines 2020, 8(3), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030506 - 4 Sep 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2921

Abstract

Despite the availability of commercial vaccines which can effectively prevent clinical signs, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) continues to remain an economically important swine virus, as strain drift, followed by displacement of new subtypes, occurs periodically. We had previously determined that the early antibody responses to the PCV2 capsid protein in infected pigs map to immunodominant but non-protective, linear B cell epitopes. In this study, two of the previously identified immunodominant epitopes were mutated in the backbone of a PCV2b infectious clone, to rationally restructure the immunogenic capsid protein. The rescued virus was used to immunize 3-week-old weanling piglets, followed by challenge with a virulent heterologous PCV2d strain. As expected, immunodominant antibody responses to the targeted epitopes were abrogated in vaccinated pigs, while a broadening of the virus neutralization responses was detected. Vaccinated pigs were completely protected against challenge viral replication, had reduced microscopic lesions in lymphoid organs and gained significantly more body weight when compared to unvaccinated pigs. Thus, the experimental PCV2 vaccine developed was highly effective against challenge, and, if adopted commercially, can potentially slow down or eliminate new strain creation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibody against Viral Infection: Advances in the Era of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody)

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8 pages, 819 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Efficient Maternal to Neonate Transfer of Neutralizing Antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination with BNT162b2: A Case-Report and Discussion of the Literature

by Jonathan Douxfils, Constant Gillot, Émilie De Gottal, Stéphanie Vandervinne, Jean-Louis Bayart, Jean-Michel Dogné and Julien Favresse

Vaccines 2021, 9(8), 907; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080907 - 15 Aug 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5252

Abstract

This case reports on the successful maternal to fetal transfer of neutralizing antibodies after vaccination with BNT162b2 in a pregnant woman at 25 weeks of gestation. The levels of neutralizing antibodies were approximately 5-fold higher in the umbilical cord than in the maternal blood while the level of total antibodies showed only a 2-fold increase. This suggest that the antibodies that crossed the syncytiotrophoblast cell barrier have specific characteristics that correlate to functional neutralizing capacity. Although pregnant and lactating women have been excluded from clinical trials for several reasons including ethical concerns about fetal exposure, accumulating evidence has now revealed that these vaccines are safe and efficient for both the fetus and the woman. Vaccination against COVID-19 in pregnancy is vital to control disease burden and to decrease morbidity in the ante-, peri- and post-natal periods. Inclusion of pregnant women in research programs for the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines should be mandatory to provide this population with the equitable benefits of vaccine research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibody against Viral Infection: Advances in the Era of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody)

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