Journal Description
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed with Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Engineering, Marine) / CiteScore - Q2 (Ocean Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 15.4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.7 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.9 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.9 (2022)
Latest Articles
Experimental and Numerical Study of Suspended Inter-Array Cable Configurations for Floating Offshore Wind Farm
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060853 (registering DOI) - 21 May 2024
Abstract
The present study evaluates the feasibility of using a fully suspended inter-array cable system for an offshore wind farm. It includes both numerical simulations and a scaled-down experiment, conducted at a 1:49 scale, to validate the numerical results. To achieve the goal, a
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The present study evaluates the feasibility of using a fully suspended inter-array cable system for an offshore wind farm. It includes both numerical simulations and a scaled-down experiment, conducted at a 1:49 scale, to validate the numerical results. To achieve the goal, a 15 MW floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) and a floating offshore substation (FOSS) are involved to simulate the wind farm array. This study incorporates the 50-year return period conditions of the Taiwan Hsinchu offshore area, which has a water depth of about 100 m, to validate the specifications related to the platform motion and mooring line tension. Additionally, an analysis of the tension, curvature, and fatigue damage of the dynamic cable system is discussed in this research. Because a fully suspended cable is a relatively new concept and may be more frequently considered in a deeper water depth area, numerical simulation software Orcina Orcaflex 11.4 has been chosen to conduct the fully coupled simulation, determining whether the fully suspended cable system could effectively withstand the challenges posed by extreme sea conditions. This is due to the reason that a fully suspended cable would occupy a larger space in the ocean, which may pose a risk by influencing the navigation of the vessels. Therefore, the cable laying depth under normal sea states is also discussed to evaluate the influence over vessel navigation. This study also collects the long-term environmental data from the Central Weather Bureau, Taiwan, to calculate the accumulative cable fatigue damage under different sea states. To integrate the results, this research applies fitness parameters to evaluate the feasibility of each cable configuration. Covering the cable performance under extreme sea states and regular operating sea states offers valuable insights for applications in ocean engineering.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Era in Offshore Wind Energy)
Open AccessArticle
ADNet: A Real-Time Floating Algae Segmentation Using Distillation Network
by
Jingjing Xu and Lei Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 852; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060852 - 21 May 2024
Abstract
The segmentation of floating algae is a hot topic in the field of marine environmental research. Given the vastness of coastal areas and complex environments, algae detection models must have both higher performance and lower deployment costs. However, relying solely on a single
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The segmentation of floating algae is a hot topic in the field of marine environmental research. Given the vastness of coastal areas and complex environments, algae detection models must have both higher performance and lower deployment costs. However, relying solely on a single Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) or transformer structure fails to achieve this objective. In this paper, a novel real-time floating algae segmentation method using a distillation network (ADNet) is proposed, based on the RGB images. ADNet can effectively transfer the performance of the transformer-based teacher network to the CNN-based student model while preserving its lightweight design. Faced with complex marine environments, we introduce a novel Channel Purification Module (CPM) to simultaneously strengthen algae features and purify interference responses. Importantly, the CPM achieves this operation without increasing any learnable parameters. Moreover, considering the huge scale differences among algae targets in surveillance RGB images, we propose a lightweight multi-scale feature fusion network (L-MsFFN) to improve the student’s modeling ability across various scales. Additionally, to mitigate interference from low-level noises on higher-level semantics, a novel position purification module (PPM) is proposed. The PPM can achieve more accurate weight attention calculation between different pyramid levels, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of fusion. Compared to CNNs and transformers, our ADNet strikes an optimal balance between performance and speed. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our ADNet achieves higher application performance in the field of floating algae monitoring tasks.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Amazon River Plume in the Western Tropical North Atlantic
by
Eugene G. Morozov, Dmitry I. Frey, Pavel A. Salyuk and Maxim V. Budyansky
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 851; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060851 - 21 May 2024
Abstract
Measurements of temperature, salinity, and currents in the Amazon River plume over a section in the open ocean of the western tropical North Atlantic (38°48′ W) are considered. The measurements were carried out using an AML Base X CTD probe in the upper
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Measurements of temperature, salinity, and currents in the Amazon River plume over a section in the open ocean of the western tropical North Atlantic (38°48′ W) are considered. The measurements were carried out using an AML Base X CTD probe in the upper layer and a flow-through system that measures salinity, turbidity, and chlorophyll-a content in seawater while a vessel is on the way. The measurements were supplemented by velocity profiling using shipborne SADCP. Additionally, archived oceanographic data from the World Ocean Database (WOD18), data on satellite altimetry measurements (AVISO), and satellite salinity data from Aquarius and SMOS were used. It is shown that the width of the Amazon River plume is about 170–400 km and the depth of desalination is from 50 to 100 m. Surface salinity decreases compared to the background (36.1) by 0.25 in February and by more than 3.0 in September during the period of maximum development of the plume, which was determined from satellite measurements of surface salinity. Lagrangian modeling of the back-in-time advection of passive markers simulating freshwater particles was carried out. It was shown that the source of freshwater in the measurement area is discharge from the Amazon River. Amazon River freshwater covered a distance of 3300 km in 60–80 days. The estimate of freshwater transport in the plume was 0.02 Sv, which is one order of magnitude smaller than the mean river discharge.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamic Circulation Modelling in the Marine Environment)
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Open AccessArticle
Semicircular Coastal Defence Structures: Impact of Gap Spacing on Shoreline Dynamics during Storm Events
by
Bárbara F. V. Vieira, José L. S. Pinho and Joaquim A. O. Barros
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 850; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060850 - 21 May 2024
Abstract
Coastal erosion poses significant challenges to shoreline management, exacerbated by rising sea levels and changing climate patterns. This study investigates the influence of gap spacing between semicircular coastal defence structures on shoreline dynamics during storm events. The innovative design of these structures aims
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Coastal erosion poses significant challenges to shoreline management, exacerbated by rising sea levels and changing climate patterns. This study investigates the influence of gap spacing between semicircular coastal defence structures on shoreline dynamics during storm events. The innovative design of these structures aims to induce a drift reversal of prevalent sediment transport while avoiding interruption of alongshore sediment drift, thus protecting the beach. Three different gap spacings, ranging from 152 m to 304 m, were analysed using the XBeach numerical model, focusing on storm morphodynamic behaviour. Methodologically, hydrodynamic and morphodynamic analyses were conducted to understand variations in significant wave heights adjacent to the structures, in accretion and erosion volumes, and changes in bed level under storm conditions. The study aims to elucidate the complex interaction between engineered coastal protection solutions and natural coastal processes, providing practical insights for coastal management practices. Results indicate that installing semicircular coastal defence structures influences sediment dynamics during storm events, effectively protecting stretches of the coast at risk. Optimal gap spacing between structures is crucial to mitigating coastal erosion and enhancing sediment accumulation, offering a sustainable shoreline protection approach. The findings underscore the importance of balanced location selection to optimize protection benefits while minimizing adverse morphological effects. Overall, this research contributes to advancing knowledge of hydro-morphological phenomena essential for effective coastal engineering and informs the design and implementation of more sustainable coastal protection strategies in the face of increasing coastal erosion and sea level rise challenges.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear Wave–Structure Interactions and the Development of Advanced Numerical Models)
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Open AccessArticle
Quantification of Expert Knowledge in Describing COLREGs Linguistic Variables
by
Miho Kristić and Srđan Žuškin
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 849; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060849 - 21 May 2024
Abstract
The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972 (COLREGs) have been the cornerstone of maritime navigation since their introduction. Knowledge and implementation of these rules are paramount in collision avoidance at sea. However, terms found in these rules are sometimes imprecise or
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The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972 (COLREGs) have been the cornerstone of maritime navigation since their introduction. Knowledge and implementation of these rules are paramount in collision avoidance at sea. However, terms found in these rules are sometimes imprecise or fuzzy, as they are written by humans for humans, giving them some freedom in interpretation. The term Very Large Ship used in Rule 7 of the COLREGs is, by its nature, fuzzy. While human navigators understand this term’s meaning, it could be challenging for machines or autonomous ships to understand such an unprecise expression. Fuzzy sets could easily describe unprecise terms used in maritime navigation. A fuzzy set consists of elements with degrees of membership in a set, making them perfect for interpreting some terms where boundaries are unclear. This research was conducted among 220 navigational experts to describe linguistic variables used in maritime regulations. This research consists of an internationally distributed questionnaire. Membership data were collected with the adapted horizontal method, and the results were statistically analyzed, followed by regression analyses to describe the range and shape of membership functions. A conceptual model of the implementation of linguistic variables is presented. The novelty of this study derives from the data collecting, modeling, and quantification of the important but neglected linguistic term Very Large Ship based on a large number of navigational experts. The same quantification method could be easily used for other COLREGs linguistic variables, which could easily lift barriers to advances in intelligent solutions based on fuzzy sets. The obtained quantified fuzzy sets can be used in decision support or control systems used by conventional or autonomous ships in the future.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autonomous Marine Vehicle Operations—2nd Edition)
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Open AccessArticle
Distributed Formation Maneuvering Quantized Control of Under-Actuated Unmanned Surface Vehicles with Collision and Velocity Constraints
by
Wei Wang, Yang Wang and Tieshan Li
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 848; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050848 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
This paper focuses on a distributed cooperative time-varying formation maneuvering issue of under-actuated unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). A fleet of USVs is guided by a parameterized path with a time-varying formation while avoiding collisions and preserving the connectivity in the environment with multiple
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This paper focuses on a distributed cooperative time-varying formation maneuvering issue of under-actuated unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). A fleet of USVs is guided by a parameterized path with a time-varying formation while avoiding collisions and preserving the connectivity in the environment with multiple obstacles. In some surface missions, due to the obstacles in the external environment, the bandwidth limitations of the communication channel, and the hardware components/performance constraints of the USVs themselves, each vehicle is considered to be subject to model uncertainty, actuator quantization, sensor dead zone, and velocity constraints. During the control design process, the radial basis function (RBF) neural networks (NNs) are utilized to deal with nonlinear terms. Based on a nonlinear decomposition method, the relationship between the control signal and the quantization one is established, which overcomes the difficulty arising from actuator quantization. A Nussbaum function is introduced to handle the unknown output dead zone problem caused by reduced sensor sensitivity. Moreover, a universal-constrained function is employed to satisfy both the constrained and unconstrained requirements during formation keeping and obstacle avoidance. The Lyapunov stability theory confirmed that the error signals are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed formation control of multiple USVs.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Control of Marine Craft)
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Open AccessArticle
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Chemosymbiotic Lucinid Bivalve Pillucina pisidium (Dunker, 1860) Occurring in Seagrass Zostera marina Bed in a Lagoon in Jeju Island, Korea
by
Jong-Seop Shin, Chi-une Song, Hyeongwoo Choi, Sung Hyun Yang, Kae Kyoung Kwon, Seong-il Eyun and Kwang-Sik Choi
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050847 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
Commonly found in tropic and subtropic seagrass beds, lucinid clams host sulfur-oxidizing bacteria within their gills. These symbionts are crucial in converting phytotoxic sulfide in the sediment into less harmful sulfate, thus enhancing the environment for seagrasses and associated biota. We recently uncovered
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Commonly found in tropic and subtropic seagrass beds, lucinid clams host sulfur-oxidizing bacteria within their gills. These symbionts are crucial in converting phytotoxic sulfide in the sediment into less harmful sulfate, thus enhancing the environment for seagrasses and associated biota. We recently uncovered small clams within a Zostera marina seagrass bed situated in a lagoon on Jeju Island, off the south coast of Korea. These bivalves, with shell lengths of up to 7 mm, exhibited distinct features, including thick and hypertrophied gills, inflated and ovoid shells with a shell height/shell length ratio of 0.99, and the absence of a sulcus on the external shell surface. These characteristics align closely with those of Pillucina pisidium, a lucinid clam species originally reported in Japan. Analysis of the cytochrome b gene partial sequences of the clams from Jeju Island revealed a 100% match with P. pisidium reported in Japan, confirming their identity. Moreover, we successfully assembled the complete mitochondrial genome of P. pisidium for the first time, revealing a circular genome spanning 21,059 bp. Additionally, we constructed a phylogenetic tree using 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) extracted from the mitochondrial genome of P. pisidium. Notably, P. pisidium formed a distinct clade within the subclass Autobranchia alongside other lucinid clams in the phylogenetic tree. However, within the family Lucinidae, synteny analysis of the 13 PCGs revealed diverse gene arrangement patterns, indicating considerable divergence. This divergence underscores the need for an extensive examination of Lucinidae mitochondrial genomes to elucidate the phylogenetic ties more precisely within the family, highlighting P. pisidium’s distinct evolutionary path within the family Lucinidae.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodiversity and Population Ecology of Marine Invertebrates)
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Open AccessArticle
The Design and Study of a Four-Coil Oil Multi-Pollutant Detection Sensor
by
Shuyao Zhang, Zuo Zhang, Baojun Wang, Shukui Hu, Chenzhao Bai, Hongpeng Zhang, Zilei Yu, Huancheng Wang, Liang Qu and Debao Yang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050846 - 20 May 2024
Abstract
The operating environment of large mechanical equipment on ships is extremely harsh. Under such harsh conditions, it is necessary to effectively monitor and assess the health status of machinery and equipment and to take appropriate maintenance measures to ensure the normal operation of
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The operating environment of large mechanical equipment on ships is extremely harsh. Under such harsh conditions, it is necessary to effectively monitor and assess the health status of machinery and equipment and to take appropriate maintenance measures to ensure the normal operation of the ship and the safety of the lives and property of the crew. However, currently used methods are less effective in detecting non-ferromagnetic abrasive particles and non-metallic contaminants and may not be able to respond to certain emergencies promptly. Therefore, in this paper, a quad-solenoid coil multi-contaminant oil detection sensor is proposed to detect metallic abrasive particles and non-metallic contaminants using the voltage–capacitance dual mode. We provide an analytical expression for the magnetic field strength of the present sensor and develop a corresponding mathematical model. In order to verify its accuracy, we compared the model results with finite element analysis and verified them experimentally. Analysis of the experimental results shows that by switching the detection mode of the sensor, ferromagnetic metal particles, non-ferromagnetic metal particles, and non-metallic contaminants in the oil can be identified according to the different experimental signal curves. The sensor recognizes ferromagnetic particles over 70 μm in diameter, non-ferromagnetic particles over 220 μm in diameter, water droplets over 100–110 μm in diameter, and air bubbles over 180–190 μm in diameter. By comparing the sensor with existing sensors, the sensor can provide accurate information about various pollutants, help maintenance personnel to develop a reasonable maintenance program, and reduce the maintenance cost of ship machinery.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Condition Monitoring and Intelligent Operation & Maintenance Technologies in Ships and Offshore Facilities)
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Open AccessReview
Safety Improvements for High-Speed Planing Craft Occupants: A Systematic Review
by
Fatemeh Roshan, Abbas Dashtimanesh and Pentti Kujala
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 845; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050845 - 19 May 2024
Abstract
Moving fast by high-speed planing craft (HSPC) is advantageous for some special missions, though it causes severe hull vibrations and shocks that can transfer to the human body and increase health and comfort risks. This study reviews the current safety standards to avoid
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Moving fast by high-speed planing craft (HSPC) is advantageous for some special missions, though it causes severe hull vibrations and shocks that can transfer to the human body and increase health and comfort risks. This study reviews the current safety standards to avoid human safety risks affected by whole-body vibrations (WBVs), as well as the safety status of HSPC occupants. In addition, the efficiency of motion-reduction devices (trim tab and interceptor) and shock/vibration-mitigation devices (shock-mitigation seat) in improving the safety of HSPC occupants is examined according to existing documents. The research methodology was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRIS-MA) method, and published papers in the Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were analyzed. Because most of these publications are academic research, issues of bias in the eligible publications were not of particular interest. During this systematic review, many gaps and challenges in current information on safety improvement devices were found that need to be addressed in future studies, such as a lack of information on motion-reduction devices and shock-mitigation seat performance in reducing lateral and fore-and-aft motions. Referring to these gaps and challenges can be valuable as a suggestion to improve current knowledge in research and reduce safety risks.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Advanced Technologies in Maritime Safety)
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Deployment Method for Aircraft-Based Maritime Emergency Communication Resource Reserve Bases
by
Xihua Li and Shengming Jiang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 844; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050844 - 19 May 2024
Abstract
Maritime emergency communication facilities play a crucial role in establishing communication links between land and sea, serving as essential communication means for maintaining maritime safety, disaster response, and emergency rescue operations. With the increasing frequency of marine activities, the rapid response capability of
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Maritime emergency communication facilities play a crucial role in establishing communication links between land and sea, serving as essential communication means for maintaining maritime safety, disaster response, and emergency rescue operations. With the increasing frequency of marine activities, the rapid response capability of maritime emergency communication is becoming increasingly critical. With their characteristics of high-speed mobility, broad coverage and flexibility, aircraft serve as carriers for emergency communication facilities. The selection of aircraft bases is paramount in meeting the requirement of rapid response for maritime emergency communication. In this paper, we present a multi-objective optimization model for site selection by considering the coverage capabilities of different carriers. The model incorporates hierarchical coverage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and helicopters with a genetic algorithm. Through a case study of the Bohai Sea, this paper verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Propeller Optimization in Marine Power Systems: Exploring Its Contribution and Correlation with Renewable Energy Solutions
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Bruna Bacalja Bašić, Maja Krčum and Zdeslav Jurić
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 843; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050843 - 19 May 2024
Abstract
The goal of increasing fuel efficiency and decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has increased interest in the application of renewable energy sources and the usage of new technologies in the maritime industry. In order to implement the most suitable source, factors such as
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The goal of increasing fuel efficiency and decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has increased interest in the application of renewable energy sources and the usage of new technologies in the maritime industry. In order to implement the most suitable source, factors such as voyage duration, storage availability, and the condition of existing vessels as well as those that are still under construction should be taken into account. Propeller optimization is proposed as a long-term solution. This paper investigates the environmental aspects of propeller optimization, focusing on its potential to reduce ship vibrations fuel consumption, and, therefore, the ship’s carbon footprint. The case study presents propeller optimization on a Ro-Ro passenger ship. The data collected during sea trials before and after propeller optimization will be compared. Expected fuel oil consumption will be correlated to the CO2 emission reduction. Besides propeller optimization, the paper performs a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis comparing it with solar and wind power applications on ships.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Underwater Camera Calibration Based on Double Refraction
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Yushan Sun, Tian Zhou, Liwen Zhang and Puxin Chai
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 842; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050842 - 19 May 2024
Abstract
Underwater camera calibration plays a pivotal role in underwater positioning and underwater mapping reconstruction, making it crucial for achieving precise spatial measurements in underwater environments. To elevate measurement accuracy, we have refined the calibration methodology for underwater cameras. Firstly, we conducted an in-depth
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Underwater camera calibration plays a pivotal role in underwater positioning and underwater mapping reconstruction, making it crucial for achieving precise spatial measurements in underwater environments. To elevate measurement accuracy, we have refined the calibration methodology for underwater cameras. Firstly, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the intricate challenges posed by double refraction errors arising from light passing through water–glass–air interfaces. To address this issue, we established a double refraction model based on the actual underwater light paths, laying the groundwork for our calibration efforts. Furthermore, to tackle the problem of determining multiple camera parameters, we proposed a parameter optimization method based on genetic algorithms, capable of navigating the complex parameter space. Finally, compared with other algorithms, our method enables more precise determination of underwater camera parameters.
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(This article belongs to the Section Physical Oceanography)
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Process Planning for Large Container Ship Propeller Shaft Machining Based on an Improved Ant Colony Algorithm
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Guotai Du, Hongkui Ma, Yu Bai and Ning Mei
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050841 - 18 May 2024
Abstract
To accommodate the production and manufacture of complex and customized marine components and to avoid the empirical nature of process planning, machining operations can be automatically sequenced and optimized using ant colony algorithms. However, traditional ant colony algorithms exhibit issues in the context
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To accommodate the production and manufacture of complex and customized marine components and to avoid the empirical nature of process planning, machining operations can be automatically sequenced and optimized using ant colony algorithms. However, traditional ant colony algorithms exhibit issues in the context of machining process planning. In this study, an improved ant colony algorithm is proposed to address these challenges. The introduction of a tiered distribution of initial pheromones mitigates the blindness of initial searches. By incorporating the number of iterations into the expectation heuristic function and introducing a ‘reward–penalty system’ for pheromones, the contradictions between convergence speed and the tendency to fall into local optima are avoided. Applying the improved ant colony algorithm to the process planning of large container ship propeller shaft machining, this study constructs a ‘distance’ model for each machining unit and develops a process constraint table. The results show significant improvements in initial search capabilities and convergence speed with the improved ant colony algorithm while also resolving the contradiction between convergence speed and optimal solutions. This verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the improved ant colony algorithm in intelligent process planning for ships.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ship Technology Development and Design)
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A Review on Submarine Geological Risks and Secondary Disaster Issues during Natural Gas Hydrate Depressurization Production
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Xianzhuang Ma, Yujing Jiang, Peng Yan, Hengjie Luan, Changsheng Wang, Qinglin Shan and Xianzhen Cheng
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050840 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
The safe and efficient production of marine natural gas hydrates faces the challenges of seabed geological risk issues. Geological risk issues can be categorized from weak to strong threats in four aspects: sand production, wellbore instability, seafloor subsidence, and submarine landslides, with the
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The safe and efficient production of marine natural gas hydrates faces the challenges of seabed geological risk issues. Geological risk issues can be categorized from weak to strong threats in four aspects: sand production, wellbore instability, seafloor subsidence, and submarine landslides, with the potential risk of natural gas leakage, and the geological risk problems that can cause secondary disasters dominated by gas eruptions and seawater intrusion. If the gas in a reservoir is not discharged in a smooth and timely manner during production, it can build up inside the formation to form super pore pressure leading to a sudden gas eruption when the overburden is damaged. There is a high risk of overburden destabilization around production wells, and reservoirs are prone to forming a connection with the seafloor resulting in seawater intrusion under osmotic pressure. This paper summarizes the application of field observation, experimental research, and numerical simulation methods in evaluating the stability problem of the seafloor surface. The theoretical model of multi-field coupling can be used to describe and evaluate the seafloor geologic risk issues during depressurization production, and the controlling equations accurately describing the characteristics of the reservoir are the key theoretical basis for evaluating the stability of the seafloor geomechanics. It is necessary to seek a balance between submarine formation stability and reservoir production efficiency in order to assess the optimal production and predict the region of plastic damage in the reservoir. Prediction and assessment allow measures to be taken at fixed points to improve reservoir mechanical stability with the numerical simulation method. Hydrate reservoirs need to be filled with gravel to enhance mechanical strength and permeability, and overburden need to be grouted to reinforce stability.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Formation, Exploration and Development of Natural Gas Hydrate)
Open AccessArticle
Dynamic Stability Analysis of Subsea Tunnel Crossing Active Fault Zone: A Case Study
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Zhiqiang Li, Qiushi Liu, Shian Liu, Xueying Liu, Yongqiang Zhang, Shixiang Jia, Guoliang Song and Yuting Zhao
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050839 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
The rock strength in an active fault zone is low and the surrounding rock is fractured and has poor stability, making any subsea tunnel crossing the active fault zone extremely susceptible to disasters such as tunnel collapse, sudden water ingress, and mud inrush.
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The rock strength in an active fault zone is low and the surrounding rock is fractured and has poor stability, making any subsea tunnel crossing the active fault zone extremely susceptible to disasters such as tunnel collapse, sudden water ingress, and mud inrush. This poses a potential threat to the construction project, making the dynamic stability analysis of a subsea tunnel crossing an active fault zone of great significance. This study takes the second subsea tunnel crossing the Cangkou Fault in Jiaozhou Bay as the engineering background and conducts numerical simulations by employing different lining stiffnesses for tunnel excavation, as well as applying dynamic loads. The dynamic stability of the subsea tunnel crossing the active fault zone is evaluated by comparing and analyzing the lining’s displacement, peak acceleration, and stress characteristics. This study explores the disaster-causing mechanisms of active fractures, determining that the hazard of orthogonal misalignment in an active fault zone is the least severe, while the hazard of opposite misalignment is the most severe. This research provides a basis for disaster prevention and mitigation in active fracture zones.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Analysis of Marine Structures—Edition II)
Open AccessArticle
Numerical Simulation of Extreme Ice Loads on Complex Pile Legs of Offshore Substation Structures
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Baofeng Zhang, Rui Dong, Wei Li, Yue Zhao, Guojun Wang and Dayong Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 838; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050838 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
The sea ice failure mode and ice force amplitude depend on the structural form at the point of interaction, but the impacts of ice load when interacting with marine engineering structures with additional attachments are not yet clear. This study conducts numerical simulations
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The sea ice failure mode and ice force amplitude depend on the structural form at the point of interaction, but the impacts of ice load when interacting with marine engineering structures with additional attachments are not yet clear. This study conducts numerical simulations using the discrete element method to investigate the interaction between sea ice and cable pipes attached to offshore substation structures. Various operating conditions such as ice velocity, ice thickness, and ice attack angle are selected to simulate the interaction between sea ice and such structures, clarifying the variations in the sea ice failure mode and ice force amplitude. The results indicate that crushing failure mainly occurs when sea ice interacts with such structures, and the presence of cable pipes does not alter the sea ice failure mode at the legs of offshore substation structures. The preliminary action of sea ice with cable pipes effectively reduces the ice load on the structure, and the minimum ice force amplitude occurs at an ice attack angle of 90°, with the ice force amplitude increasing with the ice thickness but showing no clear correlation with the ice velocity. The findings of this study provide a reference for the ice-resistant design of offshore substation structures in cold regions.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Offshore Wind—2nd Edition)
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The Impact of Offshore Photovoltaic Utilization on Resources and Environment Using Spatial Information Technology
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Peng Wang, Jingru Zhou, Xinfei Jin, Jingchao Shi, Ngai Weng Chan, Mou Leong Tan, Xingwen Lin, Xu Ma, Xia Lin, Kaixuan Zheng, Jiexuan Wu and Fei Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 837; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050837 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
In recent years, the rapid development of the photovoltaic (PV) industry has resulted in a saturation of research on onshore PV power plant construction. However, current studies on the impact of marine PVs on the marine environment remain limited and scarce. In order
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In recent years, the rapid development of the photovoltaic (PV) industry has resulted in a saturation of research on onshore PV power plant construction. However, current studies on the impact of marine PVs on the marine environment remain limited and scarce. In order to facilitate the implementation of carbon reduction goals and promote the sustainable development of the offshore PV industry, this study analyzes the environmental impact of PV sea-use resources based on spatial information technology in the western part of Gaotang Island. The findings show that the MIKE21FM model provides relatively accurate simulations of tidal flow and tide level in the marine PV area. Flow velocity in the marine PV area exhibits a decreasing trend, with an average decrease ranging from 0.03 to 0.07 m/s. This decrease minimally affects surrounding navigational channels and large-scale flow fields. The resulting siltation is also deemed less significant, with an annual deposition from 0.03 to 0.06 m/a. Moreover, offshore PV construction resulted in a total intertidal biological loss of 123.45 t. The suspension of sediment during cofferdam construction and removal has a potential effect on zooplankton and fishery resources. Overall, it is proposed that careful planning, prudent site selection, and the execution of countermeasures during marine PV construction will combine to minimize the impact on the marine environment.
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(This article belongs to the Section Marine Environmental Science)
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Open AccessArticle
The Analysis of Intelligent Functions Required for Inland Ships
by
Guozhu Hao, Wenhui Xiao, Liwen Huang, Jiahao Chen, Ke Zhang and Yaojie Chen
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050836 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Sorting out the requirements for intelligent functions is the prerequisite and foundation of the top-level design for the development of intelligent ships. In light of the development of inland intelligent ships for 2030, 2035, and 2050, based on the analysis of the division
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Sorting out the requirements for intelligent functions is the prerequisite and foundation of the top-level design for the development of intelligent ships. In light of the development of inland intelligent ships for 2030, 2035, and 2050, based on the analysis of the division of intelligent ship functional modules by international representative classification societies and relevant research institutions, eight necessary functional modules have been proposed: intelligent navigation, intelligent hull, intelligent engine room, intelligent energy efficiency management, intelligent cargo management, intelligent integration platform, remote control, and autonomous operation. Taking the technical realization of each functional module as the goal, this paper analyzes the status quo and development trend of related intelligent technologies and their feasibility and applicability when applied to each functional module. At the same time, it clarifies the composition of specific functional elements of each functional module, puts forward the stage goals of China’s inland intelligent ship development and the specific functional requirements of different modules under each stage, and provides reference for the Chinese government to subsequently formulate the top-level design development planning and implementation path of inland waterway intelligent ships.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Ships and Waterways: Design, Operation and Advanced Technology)
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Open AccessArticle
Large-Eddy Simulation of Low-Frequency Flow Oscillations for NACA0012 and Dynarig Sail at Large Attack Angles
by
Qingsong Zeng, Wei Cai and Junhui Xu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050835 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Unmanned sailboats, harnessing wind for propulsion, offer great potential for extended marine research due to their virtually unlimited endurance. The sails typically operate at high attack angles, which contrasts with aircraft that maintain small angles to prevent stalling. Despite the reduction in lift
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Unmanned sailboats, harnessing wind for propulsion, offer great potential for extended marine research due to their virtually unlimited endurance. The sails typically operate at high attack angles, which contrasts with aircraft that maintain small angles to prevent stalling. Despite the reduction in lift during stalling, the resultant increase in drag contributes significantly to the sail’s thrust. However, the sail often experiences vortex shedding due to high attack angles, leading to low-frequency oscillations and erratic navigation. This study employs large-eddy simulations (LESs) on a 3D NACA0012 sail at a Reynolds number of 3.6 × 105, which is validated by experimental data. It observes the lift and drag coefficients across attack angles from 5 to 90 degrees and compares these with a Dynarig sail. The findings reveal that higher attack angles amplify fluctuations in lift and drag coefficients. Vortex shedding, resulting from flow separation, creates pressure changes and oscillations in aerodynamic forces. Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) analysis identifies dominant frequencies between 0.5 and 10 Hz, indicating low-frequency oscillations. The study’s insights into the impact of attack angle and sail type on the oscillation frequency are favorable for the design of unmanned sailboats, aiding in the prediction of wind-induced frequencies and optimal attack angle determination.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Representative Dynamic Accumulation of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments in Gas Chimney System since 30 Kyr BP in the QiongDongNan Area, Northern South China Sea
by
Jinan Guan, Menghe Wang, Wei Zhang, Lihua Wan, Matthias Haeckel and Qi Wu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 834; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050834 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
A stratigraphic complex composed of mass transport deposits (MTDs), where the gas occurrence allows for the formation of a gas chimney and pipe structure, is identified based on seismic interpretation in the QiongDongNan area of the northern South China Sea. During the Fifth
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A stratigraphic complex composed of mass transport deposits (MTDs), where the gas occurrence allows for the formation of a gas chimney and pipe structure, is identified based on seismic interpretation in the QiongDongNan area of the northern South China Sea. During the Fifth Gas Hydrate Drilling Expedition of the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, this type of complex morphology that has close interaction with local gas hydrate (GH) distribution was eventually confirmed. A flow-reaction model is built to explore the spatial–temporal matching evolution process of massive GH reservoirs since 30 kyr before the present (BP). Five time snapshots, including 30, 20, 10, and 5 kyr BP, as well as the present, have been selected to exhibit key strata-evolving information. The results of in situ tensile estimation imply fracturing emergence occurs mostly at 5 kyr BP. Six other environmental scenarios and three cases of paleo-hydrate existence have been compared. The results almost coincide with field GH distribution below the bottom MTD from drilling reports, and state layer fracturing behaviors always feed and probably propagate in shallow sediments. It can be concluded that this complex system with 10% pre-existing hydrates results in the exact distribution and occurrence in local fine-grained silty clay layers adjacent to upper MTDs.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Marine Gas Hydrate Exploration and Discovery)
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