Journal Description
Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials
is an international, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal, published semimonthly online by MDPI. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, communications, and short notes that are relevant to any field of study that involves nanomaterials, with respect to their science and application. The Spanish Carbon Group (GEC) is affiliated with Nanomaterials and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Physics, Applied) / CiteScore - Q1 (General Chemical Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 13.6 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Companion journals for Nanomaterials include: Nanomanufacturing and Applied Nano.
Impact Factor:
5.3 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
5.4 (2022)
Latest Articles
Novel Highly Efficient Buried Gratings for Selective Coupling of SPP Waves onto Single Interfaces
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 878; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100878 (registering DOI) - 18 May 2024
Abstract
Diffraction gratings have always been used to effectively couple optical radiation within integrated waveguides. This is also valid for plasmonic structures that support Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) waves. Traditional gratings usually excite SPP waves at the interface where they are located or, for
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Diffraction gratings have always been used to effectively couple optical radiation within integrated waveguides. This is also valid for plasmonic structures that support Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) waves. Traditional gratings usually excite SPP waves at the interface where they are located or, for thin metal nanostrips, at both interfaces. But reducing the thickness of the metal layer in the presence of a grating has the handicap of increasing the tunnelling of light towards the substrate, which means higher losses and reduced coupling efficiency. In this paper, we design and optimize novel gratings buried within the metallic thin films for selective coupling of SPP waves onto individual interfaces. Compared with traditional superficial gratings, the novel buried ones demonstrate higher efficiency and much lower residual tunnelling of light through the coupling structures.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Theory and Simulation of Nanostructures)
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Open AccessArticle
Bioaccessibility of Metallic Nickel and Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles in Four Simulated Biological Fluids
by
Tara Lyons-Darden, Katherine E. Heim, Li Han, Laura Haines, Christie M. Sayes and Adriana R. Oller
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 877; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100877 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Bioaccessibility of metals from substances and alloys is increasingly used as part of the assessment to predict potential toxicity. However, data are sparse on the metal bioaccessibility from nanoparticle (NP) size metal substances. This study examines nickel ion release from metallic nickel and
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Bioaccessibility of metals from substances and alloys is increasingly used as part of the assessment to predict potential toxicity. However, data are sparse on the metal bioaccessibility from nanoparticle (NP) size metal substances. This study examines nickel ion release from metallic nickel and nickel oxide micron particles (MPs) and NPs in simulated biological fluids at various timepoints including those relevant for specific routes of exposure. The results suggest that MPs of both metallic nickel and nickel oxide generally released more nickel ions in acidic simulated biological fluids (gastric and lysosomal) than NPs of the same substance, with the largest differences being for nickel oxide. In more neutral pH fluids (interstitial and perspiration), nickel metal NPs released more nickel ions than MPs, with nickel oxide results showing a higher release for MPs in interstitial fluid yet a lower release in perspiration fluid. Various experimental factors related to the particle, fluid, and extraction duration were identified that can have an impact on the particle dissolution and release of nickel ions. Overall, the results suggest that based on nickel release alone, nickel NPs are not inherently more hazardous than nickel MPs. Moreover, analyses should be performed on a case-by-case basis with consideration of various experimental factors and correlation with in vivo data.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biology and Medicines)
Open AccessArticle
Solvothermal Fabrication of Mesoporous Pd Nano-Corals at Mild Temperature for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
by
Ming Zhao, Koh-ichi Maruyama and Satoshi Tanaka
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 876; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100876 (registering DOI) - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Porous metallic nanomaterials exhibit interesting physical and chemical properties, and are widely used in various fields. Traditional fabrication techniques are limited to metallurgy, sintering, electrodeposition, etc., which limit the control of pore size and distribution, and make it difficult to achieve materials with
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Porous metallic nanomaterials exhibit interesting physical and chemical properties, and are widely used in various fields. Traditional fabrication techniques are limited to metallurgy, sintering, electrodeposition, etc., which limit the control of pore size and distribution, and make it difficult to achieve materials with high surface areas. On the other hand, the chemical preparation of metallic nanoparticles is usually carried out with strong reducing agents or at high temperature, resulting in the formation of dispersed particles which cannot evolve into porous metal. In this study, we reported the simple fabrication of coral-like mesoporous Pd nanomaterial (Pd NC) with a ligament size of 4.1 nm. The fabrication was carried out by simple solvothermal reduction at a mild temperature of 135 °C, without using any templates. The control experiments suggested that tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) played a critical role in the Pd(II) reduction into Pd nanoclusters and their subsequent aggregation to form Pd NC, and another key point for the formation of Pd NC is not to use a strong reducing agent. In alkaline water electrolysis, the Pd NC outperforms the monodisperse Pd NPs and the state-of-the-art Pt (under large potentials) for H2 evolution reaction, probably due to its mesoporous structure and large surface area. This work reports a simple and novel method for producing porous metallic nanomaterials with a high utilization efficiency of metal atoms, and it is expected to contribute to the practical preparation of porous metallic nanomaterials by solvothermal reductions.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Nanomaterial Applications in Selective Catalysis and Clean Energy)
Open AccessArticle
Raman Scattering Enhancement through Pseudo-Cavity Modes
by
Vincenzo Caligiuri, Antonello Nucera, Aniket Patra, Marco Castriota and Antonio De Luca
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100875 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy plays a pivotal role in spectroscopic investigations. The small Raman scattering cross-section of numerous analytes, however, requires enhancement of the signal through specific structuring of the electromagnetic and morphological properties of the underlying surface. This enhancement technique is known as surface-enhanced
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Raman spectroscopy plays a pivotal role in spectroscopic investigations. The small Raman scattering cross-section of numerous analytes, however, requires enhancement of the signal through specific structuring of the electromagnetic and morphological properties of the underlying surface. This enhancement technique is known as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Despite the existence of various proposed alternatives, the approach involving Fabry–Pérot cavities, which constitutes a straightforward method to enhance the electromagnetic field around the analyte, has not been extensively utilized. This is because, for the analyte to experience the maximum electric field, it needs to be embedded within the cavity. Consequently, the top mirror of the cavity will eventually shield it from the external laser source. Recently, an open-cavity configuration has been demonstrated to exhibit properties similar to the classic Fabry–Pérot configuration, with the added advantage of maintaining direct accessibility for the laser source. This paper showcases how such a simple yet innovative configuration can be effectively utilized to achieve remarkable Raman enhancement. The simple structure, coupled with its inexpensive nature and versatility in material selection and scalability, makes it an ideal choice for various analytes and integration into diverse Raman apparatus setups.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Research on Nanophotonics and Nanoscale Quantum Optics)
Open AccessArticle
Magnetic-Dielectric Cantilevers for Atomic Force Microscopy
by
Gala Sanchez-Seguame, Hugo Avalos-Sanchez, Jesus Eduardo Lugo, Eduardo Antonio Murillo-Bracamontes, Martha Alicia Palomino-Ovando, Orlando Hernández-Cristobal, José Juan Gervacio-Arciniega and Miller Toledo-Solano
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 874; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100874 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a technique that relies on detecting forces at the nanonewton scale. It involves using a cantilever with a tiny tip at one end. This tip interacts with the short- and long-range forces of material surfaces. These cantilevers are
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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a technique that relies on detecting forces at the nanonewton scale. It involves using a cantilever with a tiny tip at one end. This tip interacts with the short- and long-range forces of material surfaces. These cantilevers are typically manufactured with Si or Si3N4 and synthesized using a lithography technique, which implies a high cost. On the other hand, through simple chemical methods, it is possible to synthesize a magneto-dielectric composite made up of artificial SiO2 opals infiltrated with superparamagnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4. From these materials, it is possible to obtain tipless cantilevers that can be used in AFM analysis. Tipless cantilevers are an alternative tool in nanoscale exploration, offering a versatile approach to surface analysis. Unlike traditional AFM probes, tipless versions eliminate the challenges associated with tip wear, ensuring prolonged stability during measurements. This makes tipless AFM particularly valuable for imaging delicate or soft samples, as it prevents sample damage and provides precise measurements of topography and mechanical and electromechanical properties. This study presents the results of the characterization of known surfaces using magneto-dielectric cantilevers and commercial cantilevers based on Si. The characterization will be carried out through contact and non-contact topography measurements.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization and Applications of Nanomaterials in Sensors and Actuators)
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Open AccessArticle
Edge-Terminated AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN Multi-Quantum Well Impact Avalanche Transit Time Sources for Terahertz Wave Generation
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Monisha Ghosh, Shilpi Bhattacharya Deb, Aritra Acharyya, Arindam Biswas, Hiroshi Inokawa, Hiroaki Satoh, Amit Banerjee, Alexy Y. Seteikin and Ilia G. Samusev
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 873; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100873 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
In our pursuit of high-power terahertz (THz) wave generation, we propose innovative edge-terminated single-drift region (SDR) multi-quantum well (MQW) impact avalanche transit time (IMPATT) structures based on the AlxGa1−xN/GaN/AlxGa1−xN material system, with a
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In our pursuit of high-power terahertz (THz) wave generation, we propose innovative edge-terminated single-drift region (SDR) multi-quantum well (MQW) impact avalanche transit time (IMPATT) structures based on the AlxGa1−xN/GaN/AlxGa1−xN material system, with a fixed aluminum mole fraction of x = 0.3. Two distinct MQW diode configurations, namely p+-n junction-based and Schottky barrier diode structures, were investigated for their THz potential. To enhance reverse breakdown characteristics, we propose employing mesa etching and nitrogen ion implantation for edge termination, mitigating issues related to premature and soft breakdown. The THz performance is comprehensively evaluated through steady-state and high-frequency characterizations using a self-consistent quantum drift-diffusion (SCQDD) model. Our proposed Al0.3Ga0.7N/GaN/Al0.3Ga0.7N MQW diodes, as well as GaN-based single-drift region (SDR) and 3C-SiC/Si/3C-SiC MQW-based double-drift region (DDR) IMPATT diodes, are simulated. The Schottky barrier in the proposed diodes significantly reduces device series resistance, enhancing peak continuous wave power output to approximately 300 mW and DC to THz conversion efficiency to nearly 13% at 1.0 THz. Noise performance analysis reveals that MQW structures within the avalanche zone mitigate noise and improve overall performance. Benchmarking against state-of-the-art THz sources establishes the superiority of our proposed THz sources, highlighting their potential for advancing THz technology and its applications.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Terahertz Technology Applications)
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Open AccessArticle
Direct Imaging of Radiation-Sensitive Organic Polymer-Based Nanocrystals at Sub-Ångström Resolution
by
Elvio Carlino, Antonietta Taurino, Dritan Hasa, Dejan-Krešimir Bučar, Maurizio Polentarutti, Lidia E. Chinchilla and Josè J. Calvino Gamez
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 872; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100872 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
Seeing the atomic configuration of single organic nanoparticles at a sub-Å spatial resolution by transmission electron microscopy has been so far prevented by the high sensitivity of soft matter to radiation damage. This difficulty is related to the need to irradiate the particle
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Seeing the atomic configuration of single organic nanoparticles at a sub-Å spatial resolution by transmission electron microscopy has been so far prevented by the high sensitivity of soft matter to radiation damage. This difficulty is related to the need to irradiate the particle with a total dose of a few electrons/Å2, not compatible with the electron beam density necessary to search the low-contrast nanoparticle, to control its drift, finely adjust the electron-optical conditions and particle orientation, and finally acquire an effective atomic-resolution image. On the other hand, the capability to study individual pristine nanoparticles, such as proteins, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and polymers, with peculiar sensitivity to the variation in the local structure, defects, and strain, would provide advancements in many fields, including materials science, medicine, biology, and pharmacology. Here, we report the direct sub-ångström-resolution imaging at room temperature of pristine unstained crystalline polymer-based nanoparticles. This result is obtained by combining low-dose in-line electron holography and phase-contrast imaging on state-of-the-art equipment, providing an effective tool for the quantitative sub-ångström imaging of soft matter.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transmission Electron Microscopy for Nanomaterials Research Advances)
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Open AccessArticle
Upconversion Emission and Dual-Mode Sensing Characteristics of NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ Microcrystals at High and Ultralow Temperatures
by
Xinyi Xu, Zhaojin Wang, Jin Hou, Tian Zhang, Xin Zhao, Siyi Di and Zijie Li
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 871; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100871 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
In this study, we investigate micrometer-sized NaYF4 crystals double-doped with Yb3+/Er3+ lanthanide ions, designed for temperature-sensing applications. In contrast to previous studies, which focused predominantly on the high-temperature regime, our investigation spans a comprehensive range of both high and
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In this study, we investigate micrometer-sized NaYF4 crystals double-doped with Yb3+/Er3+ lanthanide ions, designed for temperature-sensing applications. In contrast to previous studies, which focused predominantly on the high-temperature regime, our investigation spans a comprehensive range of both high and ultralow temperatures. We explore the relationship between temperature and the upconversion luminescence (UCL) spectra in both frequency and time domains. Our findings highlight the strong dependence of these spectral characteristics of lanthanide-doped NaYF4 crystals on temperature. Furthermore, we introduce a dual-mode luminescence temperature measurement technique, leveraging the upconversion emission intensity ratio for both green and red emissions. This study also examines the correlation between temperature sensing, energy level disparities, and thermal coupling in Er3+ ions across various temperature scales. Our research contributes to advancing the understanding and application of lanthanide-doped materials, setting a foundation for future innovations in temperature sensing across diverse fields.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Luminescent Nanomaterials: Functional Design, Advantages, and Applications)
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Open AccessArticle
Effect of Post-Implantation Heat Treatment Conditions on Photoluminescent Properties of Ion-Synthesized Gallium Oxide Nanocrystals
by
Dmitry S. Korolev, Kristina S. Matyunina, Alena A. Nikolskaya, Alexey I. Belov, Alexey N. Mikhaylov, Artem A. Sushkov, Dmitry A. Pavlov and David I. Tetelbaum
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 870; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100870 - 17 May 2024
Abstract
A novel and promising way for creating nanomaterials based on gallium oxide is the ion synthesis of Ga2O3 nanocrystals in a SiO2/Si dielectric matrix. The properties of nanocrystals are determined by the conditions of ion synthesis—the parameters of
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A novel and promising way for creating nanomaterials based on gallium oxide is the ion synthesis of Ga2O3 nanocrystals in a SiO2/Si dielectric matrix. The properties of nanocrystals are determined by the conditions of ion synthesis—the parameters of ion irradiation and post-implantation heat treatment. In this work, the light-emitting properties of Ga2O3 nanocrystals were studied depending on the temperature and annealing atmosphere. It was found that annealing at a temperature of 900 °C leads to the appearance of intense luminescence with a maximum at ~480 nm caused by the recombination of donor–acceptor pairs. An increase in luminescence intensity upon annealing in an oxidizing atmosphere is shown. Based on data from photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, a hypothesis about the possibility of the participation of a quantum-size effect during radiative recombination is proposed. A mechanism for the formation of Ga2O3 nanocrystals during ion synthesis is suggested, which makes it possible to describe the change in the luminescent properties of the synthesized samples with varying conditions of post-implantation heat treatment.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Nanomaterials)
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Open AccessArticle
Enhanced Thermal Stability of Carbonyl Iron Nanocrystalline Microwave Absorbents by Pinning Grain Boundaries with SiBaFe Alloy Nanoparticles
by
Yifan Xu, Zhihong Chen, Ziwen Fu, Yuchen Hu, Yunhao Luo, Wei Li and Jianguo Guan
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 869; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100869 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
Nanocrystalline carbonyl iron (CI) particles are promising microwave absorbents at elevated temperature, whereas their excessive grain boundary energy leads to the growth of nanograins and a deterioration in permeability. In this work, we report a strategy to enhance the thermal stability of the
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Nanocrystalline carbonyl iron (CI) particles are promising microwave absorbents at elevated temperature, whereas their excessive grain boundary energy leads to the growth of nanograins and a deterioration in permeability. In this work, we report a strategy to enhance the thermal stability of the grains and microwave absorption of CI particles by doping a SiBaFe alloy. Grain growth was effectively inhibited by the pinning effect of SiBaFe alloy nanoparticles at the grain boundaries. After heat treatment at 600 °C, the grain size of CI particles increased from ~10 nm to 85.1 nm, while that of CI/SiBaFe particles was only 32.0 nm; with the temperature rising to 700 °C, the grain size of CI particles sharply increased to 158.1 nm, while that of CI/SiBaFe particles was only 40.8 nm. Excellent stability in saturation magnetization and microwave absorption was also achieved in CI/SiBaFe particles. After heat treatment at 600 °C, the flaky CI/SiBaFe particles exhibited reflection loss below −10 dB over 7.01~10.11 GHz and a minimum of −14.92 dB when the thickness of their paraffin-based composite was 1.5 mm. We provided a low-cost and efficient kinetic strategy to stabilize the grain size in nanoscale and microwave absorption for nanocrystalline magnetic absorbents working at elevated temperature.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials II)
Open AccessArticle
Growth of Quasi-Two-Dimensional CrTe Nanoflakes and CrTe/Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructures
by
Dawei Cheng, Jiayi Liu and Bin Wei
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 868; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100868 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals layered materials have been explored in depth. They can be vertically stacked into a 2D heterostructure and represent a fundamental way to explore new physical properties and fabricate high-performance nanodevices. However, the controllable and scaled growth of non-layered
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Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals layered materials have been explored in depth. They can be vertically stacked into a 2D heterostructure and represent a fundamental way to explore new physical properties and fabricate high-performance nanodevices. However, the controllable and scaled growth of non-layered quasi-2D materials and their heterostructures is still a great challenge. Here, we report a selective two-step growth method for high-quality single crystalline CrTe/WSe2 and CrTe/MoS2 heterostructures by adopting a universal CVD strategy with the assistance of molten salt and mass control. Quasi-2D metallic CrTe was grown on pre-deposited 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) under relatively low temperatures. A 2D CrTe/TMDC heterostructure was established to explore the interface’s structure using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and also demonstrate ferromagnetism in a metal–semiconductor CrTe/TMDC heterostructure.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano-Structured Thin Films: Growth, Characteristics, and Application)
Open AccessReview
High-Speed Electro-Optic Modulators Based on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate
by
Songyan Hou, Hao Hu, Zhihong Liu, Weichuan Xing, Jincheng Zhang and Yue Hao
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 867; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100867 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
Electro-optic modulators (EOMs) are pivotal in bridging electrical and optical domains, essential for diverse applications including optical communication, microwave signal processing, sensing, and quantum technologies. However, achieving the trifecta of high-density integration, cost-effectiveness, and superior performance remains challenging within established integrated photonics platforms.
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Electro-optic modulators (EOMs) are pivotal in bridging electrical and optical domains, essential for diverse applications including optical communication, microwave signal processing, sensing, and quantum technologies. However, achieving the trifecta of high-density integration, cost-effectiveness, and superior performance remains challenging within established integrated photonics platforms. Enter thin-film lithium niobate (LN), a recent standout with its inherent electro-optic (EO) efficiency, proven industrial performance, durability, and rapid fabrication advancements. This platform inherits material advantages from traditional bulk LN devices while offering a reduced footprint, wider bandwidths, and lower power requirements. Despite its recent introduction, commercial thin-film LN wafers already rival or surpass established alternatives like silicon and indium phosphide, benefitting from decades of research. In this review, we delve into the foundational principles and technical innovations driving state-of-the-art LN modulator demonstrations, exploring various methodologies, their strengths, and challenges. Furthermore, we outline pathways for further enhancing LN modulators and anticipate exciting prospects for larger-scale LN EO circuits beyond singular components. By elucidating the current landscape and future directions, we highlight the transformative potential of thin-film LN technology in advancing electro-optic modulation and integrated photonics.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano-Optics and Nano-Optoelectronics: Challenges and Future Trends—2nd Edition: Semiconductor Nanophotonics)
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Open AccessArticle
Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Ruthenium(III) PEDOT:PSS Complexes for High-Performance Stretchable and Transparent Supercapacitors
by
Guiming Liu, Zhao Huang, Jiujie Xu, Bowen Zhang, Tiesong Lin and Peng He
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 866; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100866 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
In the evolving landscape of portable electronics, there is a critical demand for components that meld stretchability with optical transparency, especially in supercapacitors. Traditional materials fall short in harmonizing conductivity, stretchability, transparency, and capacity. Although poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) stands out as an exemplary
[...] Read more.
In the evolving landscape of portable electronics, there is a critical demand for components that meld stretchability with optical transparency, especially in supercapacitors. Traditional materials fall short in harmonizing conductivity, stretchability, transparency, and capacity. Although poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) stands out as an exemplary candidate, further performance enhancements are necessary to meet the demands of practical applications. This study presents an innovative and effective method for enhancing electrochemical properties by homogeneously incorporating Ru(III) into PEDOT:PSS. These Ru(III) PEDOT:PSS complexes are readily synthesized by dipping PEDOT:PSS films in RuCl3 solution for no longer than one minute, leveraging the high specific capacitance of Ru(III) while minimizing interference with transmittance. The supercapacitor made with this Ru(III) PEDOT:PSS complex demonstrated an areal capacitance of 1.62 mF cm−2 at a transmittance of 73.5%, which was 155% higher than that of the supercapacitor made with PEDOT:PSS under comparable transparency. Notably, the supercapacitor retained 87.8% of its initial capacitance even under 20% tensile strain across 20,000 cycles. This work presents a blueprint for developing stretchable and transparent supercapacitors, marking a significant stride toward next-generation wearable electronics.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Capacity Supercapacitors: Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials)
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Open AccessArticle
The Model Study of Phase-Transitional Magnetic-Driven Micromotors for Sealing Gastric Perforation via Mg-Based Micropower Traction
by
Kang Xiong and Leilei Xu
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 865; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100865 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
Gastric perforation refers to the complete rupture of the gastric wall, leading to the extravasation of gastric contents into the thoracic cavity or peritoneum. Without timely intervention, the expulsion of gastric contents may culminate in profound discomfort, exacerbating the inflammatory process and potentially
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Gastric perforation refers to the complete rupture of the gastric wall, leading to the extravasation of gastric contents into the thoracic cavity or peritoneum. Without timely intervention, the expulsion of gastric contents may culminate in profound discomfort, exacerbating the inflammatory process and potentially triggering perilous sepsis. In clinical practice, surgical suturing or endoscopic closure procedures are commonly employed. Magnetic-driven microswarms have also been employed for sealing gastrointestinal perforation. However, surgical intervention entails significant risk of bleeding, while endoscopic closure poses risks of inadequate closure and the need for subsequent removal of closure clips. Moreover, the efficacy of microswarms is limited as they merely adhere to the perforated area, and their sealing effect diminishes upon removal of the magnetic field. Herein, we present a Fe&Mg@Lard-Paraffin micromotor (LPM) constructed from a mixture of lard and paraffin coated with magnesium (Mg) microspheres and iron (Fe) nanospheres for sutureless sealing gastric perforations. Under the control of a rotating magnetic field, this micromotor demonstrates precise control over its movement on gastric mucosal folds and accurately targets the gastric perforation area. The phase transition induced by the high-frequency magnetothermal effect causes the micromotor composed of a mixed oil phase of lard and paraffin to change from a solid to a liquid phase. The coated Mg microspheres are subsequently exposed to the acidic gastric acid environment to produce a magnesium protonation reaction, which in turn generates hydrogen (H2) bubble recoil. Through a Mg-based micropower traction, part of the oil phase could be pushed into the gastric perforation, and it would then solidify to seal the gastric perforation area. Experimental results show that this can achieve long-term (>2 h) gastric perforation sealing. This innovative approach holds potential for improving outcomes in gastric perforation management.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials II)
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Open AccessArticle
Sulfonated Azocalix[4]arene-Modified Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets for Doxorubicin Removal from Serum
by
Xiao-Min Cao, Yuan-Qiu Cheng, Meng-Meng Chen, Shun-Yu Yao, An-Kang Ying, Xiu-Zhen Wang, Dong-Sheng Guo and Yue Li
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 864; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100864 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used methods for treating cancer, but its side effects severely limit its application and impair treatment effectiveness. Removing off-target chemotherapy drugs from the serum promptly through adsorption is the most direct approach to minimize their side
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Chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used methods for treating cancer, but its side effects severely limit its application and impair treatment effectiveness. Removing off-target chemotherapy drugs from the serum promptly through adsorption is the most direct approach to minimize their side effects. In this study, we synthesized a series of adsorption materials to remove the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin by modifying MOF nanosheets with sulfonated azocalix[4]arenes. The strong affinity of sulfonated azocalix[4]arenes for doxorubicin results in high adsorption strength (Langmuir adsorption constant = 2.45–5.73 L mg−1) and more complete removal of the drug. The extensive external surface area of the 2D nanosheets facilitates the exposure of a large number of accessible adsorption sites, which capture DOX molecules without internal diffusion, leading to a high adsorption rate (pseudo-second-order rate constant = 0.0058–0.0065 g mg−1 min−1). These adsorbents perform effectively in physiological environments and exhibit low cytotoxicity and good hemocompatibility. These features make them suitable for removing doxorubicin from serum during “drug capture” procedures. The optimal adsorbent can remove 91% of the clinical concentration of doxorubicin within 5 min.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nanocomposite Materials)
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Open AccessArticle
Enhanced Field Emission and Low-Pressure Hydrogen Sensing Properties from Al–N-Co-Doped ZnO Nanorods
by
Youqing Tu, Weijin Qian, Mingliang Dong, Guitao Chen, Youlong Quan, Weijun Huang and Changkun Dong
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 863; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100863 - 16 May 2024
Abstract
ZnO nanostructures show great potential in hydrogen sensing at atmospheric conditions for good gas adsorption abilities. However, there is less research on low-pressure hydrogen sensing performance due to its low concentration and in-homogeneous distributions under low-pressure environments. Here, we report the low-pressure hydrogen
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ZnO nanostructures show great potential in hydrogen sensing at atmospheric conditions for good gas adsorption abilities. However, there is less research on low-pressure hydrogen sensing performance due to its low concentration and in-homogeneous distributions under low-pressure environments. Here, we report the low-pressure hydrogen sensing by the construction of Al–N-co-doped ZnO nanorods based on the adsorption-induced field emission enhancement effect in the pressure range of 10−7 to 10−3 Pa. The investigation indicates that the Al–N-co-doped ZnO sample is the most sensitive to low-pressure hydrogen sensing among all ZnO samples, with the highest sensing current increase of 140% for 5 min emission. In addition, the increased amplitude of sensing current for the Al–N-co-doped ZnO sample could reach 75% at the pressure 7 × 10−3 Pa for 1 min emission. This work not only expands the hydrogen sensing applications to the co-doped ZnO nanomaterials, but also provides a promising approach to develop field emission cathodes with strong low-pressure hydrogen sensing effect.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Research Related to Nanomaterial Cold Cathode II)
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Open AccessArticle
Effect of Stabilized nZVI Nanoparticles on the Reduction and Immobilization of Cr in Contaminated Soil: Column Experiment and Transport Modeling
by
Hesham M. Ibrahim, Abdallah A. Al-Issa, Abdullah S. Al-Farraj, Abdulaziz G. Alghamdi and Ali M. Al-Turki
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 862; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100862 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
Batch and transport experiments were used to investigate the remediation of loamy sand soil contaminated with Cr(VI) using zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) stabilized by carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-nZVI). The effect of pH, ionic strength (IS), and flow rate on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) were
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Batch and transport experiments were used to investigate the remediation of loamy sand soil contaminated with Cr(VI) using zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) stabilized by carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-nZVI). The effect of pH, ionic strength (IS), and flow rate on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) were investigated under equilibrium (uniform transport) and non-equilibrium (two-site sorption) transport using the Hydrus-1D model. The overall removal efficiency ranged from 70 to over 90% based on the chemical characteristics of the CMC-nZVI suspension and the transport conditions. The concentration and pH of the CMC-nZVI suspension had the most significant effect on the removal efficiency and transport of Cr(VI) in the soil. The average removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was increased from 24.1 to 75.5% when the concentration of CMC-nZVI nanoparticles was increased from 10 to 250 mg L−1, mainly because of the increased total surface area at a larger particle concentration. Batch experiments showed that the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was much larger under acidic conditions. The average removal efficiency of Cr(VI) reached 90.1 and 60.5% at pH 5 and 7, respectively. The two-site sorption model described (r2 = 0.96–0.98) the transport of Cr(VI) in soil quite well as compared to the uniform transport model (r2 = 0.81–0.98). The average retardation of Cr(VI) was 3.51 and 1.61 at pH 5 and 7, respectively, indicating earlier arrival for the breakthrough curves and a shorter time to reach maximum relative concentration at lower pH. The methodology presented in this study, combining column experiment and modeling transport using the Hydrus-1D model, successfully assessed the removal of Cr(VI) from polluted soils, offering innovative, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly remediation methodologies.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanostructured Materials for Emerging Pollutant Removal and Environmental Remediation)
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Open AccessCommunication
Enhanced Copper Bonding Interfaces by Quenching to Form Wrinkled Surfaces
by
Tsan-Feng Lu, Yu-Ting Yen, Pei-Wen Wang, Yuan-Fu Cheng, Cheng-Hsiang Chen and YewChung Sermon Wu
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 861; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100861 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
For decades, Moore’s Law has been approaching its limits, posing a huge challenge for further downsizing to nanometer dimensions. A promising avenue to replace Moore’s Law lies in three-dimensional integrated circuits, where Cu–Cu bonding plays a critical role. However, the atomic diffusion rate
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For decades, Moore’s Law has been approaching its limits, posing a huge challenge for further downsizing to nanometer dimensions. A promising avenue to replace Moore’s Law lies in three-dimensional integrated circuits, where Cu–Cu bonding plays a critical role. However, the atomic diffusion rate is notably low at temperatures below 300 °C, resulting in a distinct weak bonding interface, which leads to reliability issues. In this study, a quenching treatment of the Cu film surface was investigated. During the quenching treatment, strain energy was induced due to the variation in thermal expansion coefficients between the Si substrate and the Cu film, resulting in a wrinkled surface morphology on the Cu film. Grain growth was observed at the Cu–Cu bonding interface following bonding at 300 °C for 2 and 4 h. Remarkably, these procedures effectively eliminated the bonding interface.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano Surface Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
Solvothermally Grown Oriented WO3 Nanoflakes for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals in a Flow Reactor
by
Mirco Cescon, Claudia Stevanin, Matteo Ardit, Michele Orlandi, Annalisa Martucci, Tatiana Chenet, Luisa Pasti, Stefano Caramori and Vito Cristino
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 860; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100860 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
Contamination by pharmaceuticals adversely affects the quality of natural water, causing environmental and health concerns. In this study, target drugs (oxazepam, OZ, 17-α-ethinylestradiol, EE2, and drospirenone, DRO), which have been extensively detected in the effluents of WWTPs over the past decades, were selected.
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Contamination by pharmaceuticals adversely affects the quality of natural water, causing environmental and health concerns. In this study, target drugs (oxazepam, OZ, 17-α-ethinylestradiol, EE2, and drospirenone, DRO), which have been extensively detected in the effluents of WWTPs over the past decades, were selected. We report here a new photoactive system, operating under visible light, capable of degrading EE2, OZ and DRO in water. The photocatalytic system comprised glass spheres coated with nanostructured, solvothermally treated WO3 that improves the ease of handling of the photocatalyst and allows for the implementation of a continuous flow process. The photocatalytic system based on solvothermal WO3 shows much better results in terms of photocurrent generation and photocatalyst stability with respect to state-of-the-art WO3 nanoparticles. Results herein obtained demonstrate that the proposed flow system is a promising prototype for enhanced contaminant degradation exploiting advanced oxidation processes.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Water Remediation (2nd Edition))
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Open AccessArticle
One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalised rGO/AgNPs Hybrids as Pigments for Highly Conductive Printing Inks
by
Vassiliki Belessi, Apostolos Koutsioukis, Dimitra Giasafaki, Theodora Philippakopoulou, Vassiliki Panagiotopoulou, Christina Mitzithra, Sotiria Kripotou, Georgios Manolis, Theodore Steriotis, Georgia Charalambopoulou and Vasilios Georgakilas
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(10), 859; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14100859 - 15 May 2024
Abstract
This work provides a method for the development of conductive water-based printing inks for gravure, flexography and screen-printing incorporating commercial resins that are already used in the printing industry. The development of the respective conductive materials/pigments is based on the simultaneous (in one
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This work provides a method for the development of conductive water-based printing inks for gravure, flexography and screen-printing incorporating commercial resins that are already used in the printing industry. The development of the respective conductive materials/pigments is based on the simultaneous (in one step) reduction of silver salts and graphene oxide in the presence of 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid that is used for the first time as the common in-situ reducing agent for these two reactions. The presence of aminophenylsulfonic derivatives is essential for the reduction procedure and in parallel leads to the enrichment of the graphene surface with aminophenylsulfonic groups that provide a high hydrophilicity to the final materials/pigments.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials-Based Functional Inks for Printing Applications)
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