Hepatitis C Virus Infection among People Who Inject Drugs

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 1280

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
Interests: hepatitis C and drug use

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Guest Editor
Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
Interests: hepatitis C and drug use; marginalised populations; hepatitis C treatment uptake; hepatitis C policy

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Guest Editor
Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
Interests: hepatitis C; drug use; hepatitis C diagnosis; hepatitis C treatment; hepatitis C reinfection; interventions

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Guest Editor
Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Interests: hepatitis C prevalence; hepatitis C incidence; HIV-HCV co-infection; drug use; treatment uptake

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Guest Editor
Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Interests: hepatitis C surveillance; hepatitis C mathematical modeling; hepatitis C vaccine; people in prison

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hepatitis C (HCV) remains a global health challenge, with the World Health Organization (WHO) setting ambitious goals for its elimination. Achieving this goal requires substantial advancements in testing, treatment, and post-cure care. This Special Issue of Viruses aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress, challenges, and innovations in addressing HCV, with a particular focus on these critical aspects. The Special Issue will draw upon the expertise of contributors to highlight recent research and developments in combating this pressing health issue.

We invite submissions exploring the following key themes:

  1. Advances in hepatitis C testing, including novel diagnostic technologies and strategies to enhance testing accessibility and uptake;
  2. Strategies for improving linkage to hepatitis C care post-diagnosis, with a focus on re-engaging previously diagnosed individuals not connected to care;
  3. Initiatives to enhance treatment initiation following diagnosis;
  4. HCV reinfection following successful treatment for HCV;
  5. The intersection of harm reduction, opioid agonist therapy, needle and syringe services, and access to hepatitis C care;
  6. Integration of testing and treatment for hepatitis C and other infectious diseases (e.g., HIV, HBV, sexually transmissible infections);
  7. Successful programs and case studies demonstrating hepatitis C control or elimination;
  8. Interventions aimed at improving hepatitis C care for people who inject drugs.

We prioritise research that significantly contributes to our understanding of these areas, offering novel insights rather than reiterating previously published literature. Submissions evaluating interventions, elucidating care cascades, and providing evidence of infection control or elimination are particularly encouraged. We also seek papers with the potential to inform practice and policy in these domains. Furthermore, we actively encourage contributions from all geographic regions, including lower- and middle-income countries, and advocate for the inclusion of the perspectives and voices of people who use drugs in this collection.

Prof. Dr. Jason Grebely
Dr. Alison D. Marshall
Dr. Evan Cunningham
Dr. Adelina Artenie
Dr. Jack Stone
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hepatitis C
  • HCV
  • testing
  • diagnostics
  • treatment
  • post-cure care
  • follow-up
  • reinfection
  • linkage to care
  • harm reduction
  • integrated care
  • elimination
  • people who use drugs
  • patient engagement
  • patient-centered care
  • healthcare intervention

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 554 KiB  
Article
Virologic Response and Reinfection Following HCV Treatment among Hospitalized People Who Inject Drugs: Follow-Up Data from the OPPORTUNI-C Trial
by Kristian Braathen Malme, Kathrine Stene-Johansen, Ingvild Klundby, Øystein Backe, Tarjei Foshaug, Maria Helseth Greve, Charlotte Meinich Pihl, Ane-Kristine Finbråten, Olav Dalgard and Håvard Midgard
Viruses 2024, 16(6), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16060858 (registering DOI) - 27 May 2024
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Abstract
Treatment of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs (PWID) may be complicated by loss to follow-up and reinfection. We aimed to evaluate sustained virologic response (SVR) and reinfection, and to validate complete pharmacy dispensation as a proxy for cure among PWID enrolled [...] Read more.
Treatment of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs (PWID) may be complicated by loss to follow-up and reinfection. We aimed to evaluate sustained virologic response (SVR) and reinfection, and to validate complete pharmacy dispensation as a proxy for cure among PWID enrolled in a trial of opportunistic HCV treatment. Data were obtained by reviewing the electronic patient files and supplemented by outreach HCV RNA testing. Reinfection was defined based on clinical, behavioral, and virological data. Intention to treat SVR 4 within 2 years after enrolment was accomplished by 59 of 98 (60% [95% CI 50–70]) during intervention conditions (opportunistic treatment) and by 57 of 102 (56% [95% CI 46–66]) during control conditions (outpatient treatment). The time to end of treatment response (ETR) or SVR 4 was shorter among intervention participants (HR 1.55 [1.08–2.22]; p = 0.016). Of participants with complete dispensation, 132 of 145 (91%) achieved ETR or SVR > 4 (OR 12.7 [95% CI 4.3–37.8]; p < 0.001). Four cases of reinfection were identified (incidence 3.8/100 PY [95% CI 1.0–9.7]). Although SVR was similar, the time to virologic cure was shorter among intervention participants. Complete dispensation is a valid correlate for cure among individuals at risk of loss to follow-up. Reinfection following successful treatment remains a concern. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatitis C Virus Infection among People Who Inject Drugs)
12 pages, 908 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of a Project Integrating Financial Incentives into a Hepatitis C Testing and Treatment Model of Care at a Sexual Health Service in Cairns, Australia, 2020–2021
by Joshua Dawe, Carla Gorton, Rhondda Lewis, Jacqueline A. Richmond, Anna L. Wilkinson, Alisa Pedrana, Mark Stoové, Joseph S. Doyle and Darren Russell
Viruses 2024, 16(5), 800; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16050800 - 17 May 2024
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Abstract
Background: Understanding the effectiveness of novel models of care in community-based settings is critical to achieving hepatitis C elimination. We conducted an evaluation of a hepatitis C model of care with financial incentives that aimed to improve engagement across the hepatitis C cascade [...] Read more.
Background: Understanding the effectiveness of novel models of care in community-based settings is critical to achieving hepatitis C elimination. We conducted an evaluation of a hepatitis C model of care with financial incentives that aimed to improve engagement across the hepatitis C cascade of care at a sexual health service in Cairns, Australia. Methods: Between March 2020 and May 2021, financial incentives were embedded into an established person-centred hepatitis C model of care at Cairns Sexual Health Service. Clients of the Service who self-reported experiences of injecting drugs were offered an AUD 20 cash incentive for hepatitis C testing, treatment initiation, treatment completion, and test for cure. Descriptive statistics were used to describe retention in hepatitis C care in the incentivised model. They were compared to the standard of care offered in the 11 months prior to intervention. Results: A total of 121 clients received financial incentives for hepatitis C testing (antibody or RNA). Twenty-eight clients were hepatitis C RNA positive, of whom 92% (24/28) commenced treatment, 75% (21/28) completed treatment, and 68% (19/28) achieved a sustained virological response (SVR). There were improvements in the proportion of clients diagnosed with hepatitis C who commenced treatment (86% vs. 75%), completed treatment (75% vs. 40%), and achieved SVR (68% vs. 17%) compared to the pre-intervention comparison period. Conclusions: In this study, financial incentives improved engagement and retention in hepatitis C care for people who inject drugs in a model of care that incorporated a person-centred and flexible approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatitis C Virus Infection among People Who Inject Drugs)
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