Response Surface Optimized Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Sparganii Rhizoma and Evaluation of Their in Vitro Antioxidant Activities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Parameters for Flavonoids
2.1.1. Fitting the Response Surface Model
Run | X1 (%, v/v) | X2 (min) | X3(W) | Y (mg/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 40 | 40 | 270 | 5.52 |
2 | 50 | 20 | 240 | 5.97 |
3 | 40 | 20 | 270 | 5.87 |
4 | 60 | 30 | 300 | 6.18 |
5 | 50 | 40 | 300 | 6.14 |
6 | 40 | 30 | 300 | 5.93 |
7 | 50 | 30 | 270 | 6.30 |
8 | 40 | 30 | 240 | 5.84 |
9 | 50 | 40 | 240 | 5.80 |
10 | 50 | 30 | 270 | 6.17 |
11 | 60 | 30 | 240 | 6.18 |
12 | 50 | 20 | 300 | 6.22 |
13 | 50 | 30 | 270 | 6.17 |
14 | 50 | 30 | 270 | 6.26 |
15 | 60 | 20 | 270 | 6.02 |
16 | 50 | 30 | 270 | 6.14 |
17 | 60 | 40 | 270 | 6.02 |
Source | Coefficient | Sum of Squares | Df | Mean Square | F value | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 0.6043229 | 9 | 0.0671470 | 9.1037954 | 0.0041 | |
γ 0 | 6.20800 | |||||
X1 | 0.15500 | 0.1922000 | 1 | 0.1922000 | 26.0584931 | 0.0014 |
X2 | −0.07500 | 0.0450000 | 1 | 0.0450000 | 6.1011040 | 0.0428 |
X3 | 0.08500 | 0.0578000 | 1 | 0.0578000 | 7.8365291 | 0.0265 |
X1X2 | 0.08750 | 0.0306250 | 1 | 0.0306250 | 4.1521402 | 0.0810 |
X1X3 | −0.02250 | 0.0020250 | 1 | 0.0020250 | 0.2745497 | 0.6165 |
X2X3 | 0.02250 | 0.0020250 | 1 | 0.0020250 | 0.2745497 | 0.6165 |
−0.17525 | 0.1293161 | 1 | 0.1293161 | 17.5326819 | 0.0041 | |
−0.17525 | 0.1293161 | 1 | 0.1293161 | 17.5326819 | 0.0041 | |
−0.00025 | 0.0000003 | 1 | 0.0000003 | 0.0000357 | 0.9954 | |
R2 | 0.9213 | |||||
Residual | 0.0516300 | 7 | 0.0073757 | |||
Lack of Fit | 0.0329500 | 3 | 0.0109833 | 2.3518915 | 0.2135 | |
Pure Error | 0.0186800 | 4 | 0.0046700 | |||
Total | 0.6559529 | 16 |
2.1.2. Analysis of the Response Surface
2.1.3. Verification of Predictive Model
Extraction variables | Predicted value | Experimental value | Solvent extraction | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 (%) | X2 (min) | X3 (W) | |||
53.62 | 29.41 | 300 | 6.32 | 6.38 ± 0.13 a | 4.08 ± 0.22 a |
2.1.4. Flavonoid Compounds Identification
2.2. In Vitro Assays
2.2.1. DPPH Scavenging Activity
2.2.2. ABTS Radical Scavenging Activity
2.2.3. Reducing Power
2.2.4. Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity
2.2.5. Superoxide Anion Radical Scavenging Activity
3. Experimental
3.1. Materials and Apparatus
3.2. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids
3.3. Experimental Design
3.4. Conventional Extraction
3.5. Purification of Flavonoids by Polyamide Resin
3.6. Determination of Total Flavonoids
3.7. HPLC Analysis of Flavonoids
3.8. Evaluation of Flavonoids Antioxidant Activities in Vitro
3.8.1. DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay
3.8.2. ABTS Radical Scavenging Assay
3.8.3. Reducing Power Assay
3.8.4. Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Assay
3.8.5. Superoxide Anion Radical Scavenging Assay
3.9. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References and Notes
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Wang, X.; Wu, Q.; Wu, Y.; Chen, G.; Yue, W.; Liang, Q. Response Surface Optimized Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Sparganii Rhizoma and Evaluation of Their in Vitro Antioxidant Activities. Molecules 2012, 17, 6769-6783. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17066769
Wang X, Wu Q, Wu Y, Chen G, Yue W, Liang Q. Response Surface Optimized Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Sparganii Rhizoma and Evaluation of Their in Vitro Antioxidant Activities. Molecules. 2012; 17(6):6769-6783. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17066769
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Xinsheng, Qinan Wu, Yanfang Wu, Guangyun Chen, Wei Yue, and Qiaoli Liang. 2012. "Response Surface Optimized Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Sparganii Rhizoma and Evaluation of Their in Vitro Antioxidant Activities" Molecules 17, no. 6: 6769-6783. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17066769