The Potential of Cyclodextrins as Novel Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: A Short Overview
Abstract
:1. Cyclodextrin Types and Characteristics
2. Inclusion Complex Formation and Its Investigation
3. Food and Drugs Relevance of CDs
4. Interaction of Cyclodextrins with Biologically Relevant Substrates
4.1. Interaction with Cholesterol and Lipids
4.2. Interaction with Proteins
5. Effect of Cyclodextrin In Vitro
6. Potentials of Cyclodextrins in Therapy: In Vivo and in Human Evidence
6.1. Cyclodextrin Potentials on Atherosclerosis and Dyslipidemia Treatment
6.2. Cyclodextrins Potentials in Chemotherapy
6.3. Cyclodextrin Potentials in the Treatment of Degenerative Brain Disease
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
API | active pharmaceutical ingredient |
CD | cyclodextrin |
αCD | alpha-cyclodextrin |
βCD | beta-cyclodextrin |
HPβCD | hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin |
MβCD | methyl-beta-cyclodextrin |
SBEβCD | sulfobutyl-ether-beta-cyclodextrin |
γCD | gamma-cyclodextrin |
IP | intra peritoneal |
IV | intra venous |
SC | subcutaneous |
NPC | Niemann–Pick type C disease |
AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
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αCD | βCD | γCD | |
---|---|---|---|
Cavity diameter (Å) | ≈5.2 | ≈6.6 | ≈8.4 |
Cavity volume (Å3) | 100 | 160 | 250 |
Water molecules in the cavity (nr) | 2.5 | 5.0 | 8.5 |
Aqueous solubility (M) | 0.12 | 0.016 | 0.17 |
Gibbs free energy of dissolution (kJ/mol) | 15 | 20 | 14 |
Cyclodextrin Type | Hypervitaminosis A | Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis | Chemotherapy | NPC | AD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
βCD | X | ||||
MβCD | X | X | |||
HPβCD | X * | X | X | X * | X |
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Di Cagno, M.P. The Potential of Cyclodextrins as Novel Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: A Short Overview. Molecules 2017, 22, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010001
Di Cagno MP. The Potential of Cyclodextrins as Novel Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: A Short Overview. Molecules. 2017; 22(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleDi Cagno, Massimiliano Pio. 2017. "The Potential of Cyclodextrins as Novel Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: A Short Overview" Molecules 22, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22010001