Neuroprotective Activities of Boophone haemanthoides (Amaryllidaceae) Extract and Its Chemical Constituents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Isolation and Identification of the Chemical Constituents
2.2. Dose Response of BHE and Isolated Compounds
2.3. Dose Response of MPP+ in SH-SY5Y
2.4. BHE and Isolated Compounds Protect SH-SY5Y Cells from MPP+-Induced Toxicity
2.5. BHE Improves Cell Morphology in SH-SY5Y after MPP+ Insult
2.6. BHE and Isolated Compounds Inhibit MPP+-Induced Overproduction of ROS in SH-SY5Y Cells
2.7. BHE and Isolated Compounds Mitigate MPP+-Induced ATP Depletion in SH-SY5Y Cells
2.8. BHE and Isolated Compounds Inhibit MPP+-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Isolation of Compounds
4.3. Physical and Spectroscopic Data of the Isolated Compounds
4.4. Cell Culture and Maintenance
4.5. Treatments
4.6. Cell Viability Assays
4.7. Cell Morphology
4.8. Adenosine Triphosphate Assay
4.9. Caspase 3/7 Apoptosis Assay
4.10. Determination of Intracellular ROS
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as the plant extracts and fractions are available from the authors. |
Compound 1 | Compound 2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
δC | δH (JHz) | δC | δH (JHz) | HMBC (H→C) | |
1 | 198.7 s | 68.3 d | 5.71 br t (2.6) | C2, C10b, C4a, C3, CO | |
2 | 102.0 d | 5.37 d (1.1) | 28.6 t | 1.95 * (2α) | |
2.29 dq (2.6, 16.2) (2β) | C4, C10b, C4a, C1, C3 | ||||
3 | 173.2 s | 68.0 d | 5.15 br quint (2.6) | C2, C4, C4a, C1, C3 | |
4-α | 30.3 t | 2.49 dd (17.3, 6.7) | 30.5 t | 2.08 * | |
4-β | 2.38 ddd (17.3, 11.5, 1.1) | 1.46 ddd (3.3, 12.2, 15.5) | C10b, C4a | ||
4a | 66.1 d | 3.51 dd (10.8, 6.8) | 59.9 d | 3.48 dd (5.5, 12.2) | C4, C11, C12, C6, C10a |
6-α | 57.7 t | 4.12 d (17.4) | 57.5 t | 4.13 d (17.3) | C11, C12, C10, C6a, C8, C10a, C7, C9 |
6-β | 3.73 d (17.4) | 3.76 d (17.3) | C12, C4a, C6a, C8, C10a, C7, C9 | ||
6a | 116.6 s | 117.2 s | |||
7 | 139.8 s | 140.4 s | |||
8 | 135.3 s | 133.2 s | |||
9 | 147.5 s | 148.4 s | |||
10 | 100.2 d | 7.71 s | 97.1 d | 6.11 s | C10a, C6a, C10b, C7, C9 |
10a | 133.4 s | 137.2 s | |||
10b | 49.8 s | 46.8 s | |||
11 exo | 41.4 t | 2.17 ddd (13.0, 10.4, 6.7) | 38.2 t | 1.99 * | |
11 endo | 2.30 ddd (12.8, 8.5, 3.6) | 1.88 ** | |||
12 exo | 52.5 t | 3.38 ddd (13.0, 10.4, 3.6) | 51.0 t | 3.30 ddd (13.6, 10, 3.2) | C6 |
12 endo | 2.86 ddd (15.0, 13.4, 6.7) | 2.76 ddd (13.6, 9.0, 6.3) | C4a, C11, C6 | ||
1-COCH3 | 170.5 s | ||||
1-COCH3 | 21.2 q | 1.90 ** s | CO(C1) | ||
3-COCH3 | 170.1 s | ||||
3-COCH3 | 21.3 q | 1.97 * s | CO(C3) | ||
3-OCH3 | 55.6 q | 3.74 (s) | |||
7-OCH3 | 58.8 q | 3.95 (s) | 59.1 q | 3.95 s | C7 |
OCH2O | 100.3 t | 5.84/5.85, d/each (1.5) | 100.5 t | 5.83/;5.79 d/each (1.3) | C8, C9 |
Compound | Name |
---|---|
1 | Distachamine |
2 | 1α,3α-Diacetylnerbowdine |
3 | Hippadine |
4 | Stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione |
5 | Cholest-4-en-3-one |
6 | Tyrosol |
7 | 3-Hydroxy-1-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone |
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Ibrakaw, A.S.; Omoruyi, S.I.; Ekpo, O.E.; Hussein, A.A. Neuroprotective Activities of Boophone haemanthoides (Amaryllidaceae) Extract and Its Chemical Constituents. Molecules 2020, 25, 5376. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225376
Ibrakaw AS, Omoruyi SI, Ekpo OE, Hussein AA. Neuroprotective Activities of Boophone haemanthoides (Amaryllidaceae) Extract and Its Chemical Constituents. Molecules. 2020; 25(22):5376. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225376
Chicago/Turabian StyleIbrakaw, Abobaker S., Sylvester I. Omoruyi, Okobi E. Ekpo, and Ahmed A. Hussein. 2020. "Neuroprotective Activities of Boophone haemanthoides (Amaryllidaceae) Extract and Its Chemical Constituents" Molecules 25, no. 22: 5376. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225376