Synthesis and Characterization of an α-Fe2O3-Decorated g-C3N4 Heterostructure for the Photocatalytic Removal of MO
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Physiochemical and Optoelectronic Properties of All the Synthesized Photocatalysts
2.2. Photocatalytic Performance for MO Degradation
2.3. Photocatalytic MO Degradation Mechanism
2.4. Photocatalyst Sustainability
S. No. | Photocatalysts | Irradiation Source | Time | Conc. of Pollutant and Amount of Catalyst | Pollutant Degraded | Degradation Rate/Efficiency (%) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Fe2O3/C3N4/Au nanocomposite | - | - | MO solution (25 mL, 3 × 10−3 M) and 10.0 mg of catalyst | MO | - | Nasri, A. et al. [20] |
2 | α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 nanocomposite | 30 W LED lamp | 3 h | MB aqueous solution (2.12 × 10−5 M) and 5.5 mg L−1 of catalyst | MB | 66.79% | Navid Ghane et al. [49] |
3 | α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 composite | UV lamps (254 nm, 6 W) | 90 min | 200 mL of 10 mg/L methylene blue solution | MB | 2.6 times higher than bare materials | Sangbin Lee [44] |
4 | α-Fe2O3/porous g-C3N4 heterojunction hybrids | 500 W Xe arc lamp with 420-nm cut-off filter) | 20 min | 50 mL of RhB solution and 10 mg/L of catalyst | RhB | 91.1% | Jirong Bai et al. [45] |
5 | ZnO-modified g-C3N4 | 200 W tungsten lamps | 90 min | - | MB | 90% | Paul, Devina Rattan et al. [50] |
7 | Fe2O3/g-C3N4 hybrid nanocomposite | 300 W Xe arc lamp | 4 h | 160 mL of aqueous solution containing 10 mg L−1 of MO | MO | Approx. 80% | Konstantinos C. Christoforidis [46] |
8 | g-C3N4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite | 300 W xenon lamp | 5 h | 0.01 g of catalyst powder in 50 mL dye solution | MO | 97% | This work |
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals
3.2. Preparation of α-Fe2O3
3.3. Preparation of g-C3N4
3.4. Preparation of g-C3N4/α-Fe2O3
3.5. Characterization Techniques
3.6. MO Degradation Activity
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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S# | Sample Code | EDX—Percentage Composition | XRD—Avg. Crystallite Size (nm) | DRS—Band Gap (eV) | BET—Surface Area (m2/g) | Photocatalytic Efficiency (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atomic % of C | Atomic % of N | Atomic % of O | Atomic % of Fe | ||||||
1 | g-C3N4 | 36.86 | 63.14 | ---- | ---- | 29.4 | 2.62 | 39.89 | 41 |
2 | α-Fe2O3 | ---- | ---- | 60.36 | 39.64 | 32.5 | 2.1 | 34.25 | 30 |
3 | g-C3N4/α-Fe2O3 | 9.81 | 17.05 | 23.20 | 49.94 | 60.5 | ---- | 80.38 | 97 |
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Khurram, R.; Nisa, Z.U.; Javed, A.; Wang, Z.; Hussien, M.A. Synthesis and Characterization of an α-Fe2O3-Decorated g-C3N4 Heterostructure for the Photocatalytic Removal of MO. Molecules 2022, 27, 1442. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041442
Khurram R, Nisa ZU, Javed A, Wang Z, Hussien MA. Synthesis and Characterization of an α-Fe2O3-Decorated g-C3N4 Heterostructure for the Photocatalytic Removal of MO. Molecules. 2022; 27(4):1442. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041442
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhurram, Rooha, Zaib Un Nisa, Aroosa Javed, Zhan Wang, and Mostafa A. Hussien. 2022. "Synthesis and Characterization of an α-Fe2O3-Decorated g-C3N4 Heterostructure for the Photocatalytic Removal of MO" Molecules 27, no. 4: 1442. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041442