Chemical Composition, Insecticidal, Persistence and Detoxification Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Essential Oil of Artemisia maritima against the Pulse Beetle
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Chemical Composition of A. maritima Oil
2.2. Fumigant and Persistence Toxicity of A. maritima Oil against Pulse Beetle
2.3. Repellency of A. maritima Oil against Pulse Beetle
2.4. Ovipositional Deterrence of A. maritima Oil against Pulse Beetle
2.5. Detoxification Enzyme Inhibition of A. maritima Oil against Pulse Beetle
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Extraction of A. maritima Oil
4.3. Gas Chromatography Analysis
4.4. Test Insect
4.5. Fumigant Toxicity of A. maritima Oil against Pulse Beetle
4.6. Persistence of A. maritima Oil against Pulse Beetle
4.7. Repellent Activity of A. maritima Oil against Pulse Beetle
4.8. Ovipositional Deterrent Activity of A. maritima Oil against C. chinensis and C. maculatus
4.9. Detoxification Enzyme Inhibition of A. maritima Oil against Pulse Beetle
4.9.1. Sample Preparation
4.9.2. Protein Estimation
4.9.3. AChE Assay
4.9.4. GST Assay
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Sr. No. | Name | RI a | RI b | Area (%) | Mode of Identification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Santolina triene | 908 | 903 | 2.18 | MS, RI |
2 | Camphene | 953 | 954 | 3.74 | MS, RI |
3 | Sabinene | 976 | 975 | 6.42 | MS, RI |
4 | Myrcene | 991 | 990 | 9.59 | MS, RI |
5 | β-phellandrene | 1031 | 1022 | 3.68 | MS, RI |
6 | 1,8-cineole | 1033 | 1028 | 41.14 | MS, RI |
7 | Terpinolene | 1088 | 1090 | 2.50 | MS, RI |
8 | trans-thujone | 1112 | 1109 | 2.61 | MS, RI |
9 | Chrysanthenyl acetate | 1262 | 1259 | 0.96 | MS, RI |
10 | Bornyl acetate | 1284 | 1287 | 18.10 | MS, RI |
11 | Sabinyl acetate | 1291 | 1289 | 1.16 | MS, RI |
12 | Isobornylpropanate | 1381 | 1378 | 2.03 | MS, RI |
13 | Germacrene-D | 1480 | 1484 | 2.42 | MS, RI |
14 | Isobornyl 2-Methyl butyrate | 1520 | 1510 | 1.98 | MS, RI |
15 | Unknown | - | - | 1.50 | MS, RI |
Total | 98.51 | ||||
Monoterpene hydrocarbons * | 28.11 | ||||
Oxygenated monoterpene * | 45.73 | ||||
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons * | 2.42 | ||||
Oxygenated sesquiterpene * | 0.0 |
C. chinensis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time | LC50 (mg/L) | Confidence Limits (mg/L) | Slope ± SE | Chi-Square | p-Value |
12 h | 2.90 | 2.45–3.62 | 3.06 ± 0.57 | 2.83 | 0.42 |
24 h | 2.06 | 1.72–2.45 | 3.08 ± 0.51 | 5.15 | 0.16 |
48 h | 1.17 | 0.86–1.43 | 2.96 ± 0.51 | 2.95 | 0.40 |
C. maculatus | |||||
12 h | 3.93 | 2.83–6.29 | 1.58 ± 0.29 | 2.51 | 0.47 |
24 h | 1.91 | 0.96–3.63 | 0.87 ± 0.25 | 0.47 | 0.93 |
48 h | 0.56 | 0.23–0.88 | 1.37 ± 0.31 | 4.42 | 0.22 |
Days after Treatment | Percent Mortality (24 and 48 h after Treatment) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
C. chinensis | C. maculatus | |||
24 h | 48 h | 24 h | 48 h | |
10 DAT | 50 ± 3.16 a | 82 ± 2.00 a | 28 ± 3.74 a | 44 ± 4.00 a |
20 DAT | 6 ± 4.00 a | 18 ± 3.74 b | 20 ± 3.16 a | 26 ± 4.00 b |
30 DAT | 4 ± 2.44 a | 8 ± 2.00 c | 4 ± 2.44 b | 8 ± 3.74 c |
40 DAT | 0 ± 0.00 a | 8 ± 2.00 c | 4 ± 2.44 b | 0 ± 0.00 c |
F value | F3,19 = 54.07; p < 0.0001 | F3,19 = 55.30; p < 0.0001 | F3,19 = 16.00; p < 0.0001 | F3,19 = 33.47; p < 0.0001 |
Time | LT50 (Days) | Confidence Limits (Days) | Slope ± SE | Chi-Square | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. chinensis | 14.49 | 12.79–16.11 | 6.26 ± 0.79 | 2.59 | 0.27 |
C. maculatus | 9.33 | 5.88–11.96 | 2.48 ± 0.62 | 1.70 | 0.43 |
Conc. (mg/L) | % Repellence (Hours after Treatment) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 h | 2 h | 3 h | 4 h | 5 h | |
C. chinensis | |||||
1 | 24.00 ± 7.48 c | 24.00 ± 4.00 d | 16.00 ± 4.00 c | 12.00 ± 4.90 c | 12.00 ± 4.90 c |
2 | 44.00 ± 7.48 c | 44.00 ± 7.48 cd | 40.00 ± 8.94 bc | 28.00 ± 4.90 bc | 30.00 ± 6.32 bc |
4 | 56.00 ± 11.66 bc | 56.00 ± 11.66 bc | 52.00 ± 10.20 b | 36.00 ± 16.00 bc | 36.00 ± 7.48 bc |
6 | 80.00 ± 6.32 ab | 76.00 ± 4.00 ab | 72.00 ± 8.00 ab | 60.00 ± 14.14 ab | 60.00 ± 14.14 ab |
8 | 92.00 ± 4.90 a | 88.00 ± 4.90 a | 88.00 ± 4.90 a | 88.00 ± 4.90 a | 88.00 ± 4.90 a |
F4,24 = 11.97; p < 0.0001 | F4,24 = 13.00; p < 0.0001 | F4,24 = 13.56; p < 0.0001 | F4,24 = 8.36; p < 0.0001 | F4,24 = 12.60; p < 0.0001 | |
C. maculatus | |||||
1 | 28.00 ± 8.00 c | 20.00 ± 6.32 d | 16.00 ± 4.00 d | 16.00 ± 7.48 c | 16.00 ± 4.00 c |
2 | 40.00 ± 10.95 c | 32.00 ± 4.90 cd | 28.00 ± 8.00 cd | 28.00 ± 4.90 bc | 24.00 ± 4.00 bc |
4 | 56.00 ± 9.80 bc | 48.00 ± 4.90 bc | 44.00 ± 4.00 bc | 40.00 ± 6.32 bc | 36.00 ± 7.48 bc |
6 | 76.00 ± 7.48 ab | 68.00 ± 4.90 b | 56.00 ± 7.48 b | 52.00 ± 10.20 b | 48.00 ± 10.20 b |
8 | 96.00 ± 4.00 a | 92.00 ± 4.90 a | 88.00 ± 4.90 a | 88.00 ± 8.00 a | 84.00 ± 7.48 a |
F4,24 = 10.61; p < 0.0001 | F4,24 = 30.29; p < 0.0001 | F4,24 = 21.95; p < 0.0001 | F4,24 = 13.25; p < 0.0001 | F4,24 = 14.29; p < 0.0001 |
C. chinensis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time (h) | OD50 (mg/L) | Confidence Limits (mg/L) | Slope ± SE | Chi-Square | p-Value |
24 h | 2.30 | 1.74–2.80 | 2.36 ± 0.27 | 3.59 | 0.31 |
48 h | 3.09 | 2.50–3.66 | 2.28 ± 0.23 | 3.68 | 0.30 |
72 h | 3.30 | 2.65–3.93 | 2.11 ± 0.21 | 1.83 | 0.61 |
C. maculatus | |||||
24 h | 2.89 | 2.51–3.30 | 2.34 ± 0.19 | 4.42 | 0.22 |
48 h | 3.36 | 2.85–3.90 | 1.94 ± 0.17 | 3.06 | 0.38 |
72 h | 4.01 | 3.32–4.79 | 1.55 ± 0.15 | 4.80 | 0.19 |
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Chauhan, N.; Kashyap, U.; Dolma, S.K.; Reddy, S.G.E. Chemical Composition, Insecticidal, Persistence and Detoxification Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Essential Oil of Artemisia maritima against the Pulse Beetle. Molecules 2022, 27, 1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051547
Chauhan N, Kashyap U, Dolma SK, Reddy SGE. Chemical Composition, Insecticidal, Persistence and Detoxification Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Essential Oil of Artemisia maritima against the Pulse Beetle. Molecules. 2022; 27(5):1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051547
Chicago/Turabian StyleChauhan, Nandita, Urvashi Kashyap, Shudh Kirti Dolma, and Sajjalavarahalli G. Eswara Reddy. 2022. "Chemical Composition, Insecticidal, Persistence and Detoxification Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Essential Oil of Artemisia maritima against the Pulse Beetle" Molecules 27, no. 5: 1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051547