Phytochemical Characterization of Rhus coriaria L. Extracts by Headspace Solid-Phase Micro Extraction Gas Chromatography, Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography, and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Volatile Fraction Analysis
2.2. Polyphenols Analysis
2.3. Antioxidant Activity
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Samples
3.2. Standard and Reagents
3.3. Sample Preparation
3.4. HS-SPME Extraction Conditions for the Detrmination of Volatiles
3.5. GC–MS and GC-FID Analysis
3.6. LC×LC-PDA/ESI-MS Analysis
3.7. Determination of Total Phenolic Content
3.8. ORAC Assay
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | Sample 4 | Sample 5 | Sample 6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1D peak capacity, 1 nc | 67 | 73 | 68 | 61 | 55 | 59 |
2D peak capacity, 2 nc | 43 | 39 | 44 | 55 | 48 | 46 |
Theoretical peak capacity, 2D nc | 2875 | 2829 | 2971 | 3381 | 2673 | 2691 |
Effective peak capacity, 2D nIc | 1085 | 986 | 1114 | 1382 | 1181 | 1130 |
Orthogonality, AO | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.90 | 0.84 | 0.79 | 0.72 |
Corrected peak capacity, 2D ncorr | 858 | 814 | 1004 | 1161 | 934 | 817 |
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Arena, K.; Trovato, E.; Cacciola, F.; Spagnuolo, L.; Pannucci, E.; Guarnaccia, P.; Santi, L.; Dugo, P.; Mondello, L.; Dugo, L. Phytochemical Characterization of Rhus coriaria L. Extracts by Headspace Solid-Phase Micro Extraction Gas Chromatography, Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography, and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation. Molecules 2022, 27, 1727. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051727
Arena K, Trovato E, Cacciola F, Spagnuolo L, Pannucci E, Guarnaccia P, Santi L, Dugo P, Mondello L, Dugo L. Phytochemical Characterization of Rhus coriaria L. Extracts by Headspace Solid-Phase Micro Extraction Gas Chromatography, Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography, and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation. Molecules. 2022; 27(5):1727. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051727
Chicago/Turabian StyleArena, Katia, Emanuela Trovato, Francesco Cacciola, Ludovica Spagnuolo, Elisa Pannucci, Paolo Guarnaccia, Luca Santi, Paola Dugo, Luigi Mondello, and Laura Dugo. 2022. "Phytochemical Characterization of Rhus coriaria L. Extracts by Headspace Solid-Phase Micro Extraction Gas Chromatography, Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography, and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation" Molecules 27, no. 5: 1727. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051727