The Main Structural Unit Elucidation and Immunomodulatory Activity In Vitro of a Selenium-Enriched Polysaccharide Produced by Pleurotus ostreatus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Methylation Analysis
2.2. Analysis of NMR
2.3. Effects on RAW264.7 Cells’ Viability
2.4. Effect on Phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 Cells
2.5. Effects on Phenotypic Alterations of RAW264.7 Cells
2.6. Effects on ROS Levels of RAW264.7 Cells
2.7. Effect on NO Secretion of RAW264.7 Cells
2.8. Effects on the Secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by RAW264.7 Cells
2.9. Regulation of NF-κB Protein Expression in RAW264.7 Cells
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Structure Analysis of Se-POP-21
3.2.1. Analysis of Methylation
3.2.2. Analysis of NMR
3.3. Immunomodulatory Activities of Se-POP-21
3.3.1. RAW264.7 Cells’ Viability
3.3.2. Phagocytosis Capacity of RAW264.7 Cells
3.3.3. Analysis of Phenotypic Characterization
3.3.4. Measurement of ROS Production by RAW264.7 Cells
3.3.5. Measurement of NO Secretion by RAW264.7 Cells
3.3.6. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
3.3.7. Western Blotting Assay
3.4. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Methylated Sugar | Molar Ratio | Mass Fragments (m/z) | Retention Time | Type of Linkage |
---|---|---|---|---|
2,3,4,6-Me4-Manp | 0.325 | 43, 71, 87, 101, 117, 129, 145, 161, 205 | 15.35 | Manp-(1→ |
2,3,4,6-Me4-Galp | 0.012 | 43, 71, 87, 101, 117, 129, 145, 161, 205 | 16.03 | Galp-(1→ |
2,4-Me2-Arap | 0.016 | 43, 59, 101, 117, 129, 174, 201, 233 | 17.99 | →3)-Arap-(1→ |
2,3-Me2-Arap | 0.041 | 43, 87, 101, 117, 129, 161, 189, 233 | 19.02 | →4)-Arap-(1→ |
2,3,4,-Me3-Galp | 0.280 | 43, 87, 99, 101, 117, 129, 161, 189, 233 | 20.17 | →6)-Galp-(1→ |
3-Me-Arap | 0.039 | 43, 71, 87, 99, 129, 159, 189,233 | 20.87 | →2,4)-Arap-(1→ |
3,4,-Me2-Galp | 0.287 | 43, 71, 87, 99, 129, 173, 189, 233 | 22.90 | →2,6)-Galp-(1→ |
Residues | H1/C1 | H2/C2 | H3/C3 | H4/C4 | H5a/C5 | H5b/C5 | H6a/C6 | H6b/C6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 4.74 | 4.03 | 3.56 | 3.33 | 3.54 | 3.70 | 3.87 | |
β-D-Manp-(1→ | 101.62 | 70.32 | 72.55 | 66.78 | 76.21 | 61.07 | 61.07 | |
B | 4.89 | 3.77 | 3.54 | 3.33 | 3.87 | 3.71 | ||
→4)-β-L-Arap-(1→ | 98.15 | 66.89 | 66.51 | 76.26 | 61.04 | 61.04 | ||
C | 4.94 | 3.79 | 3.89 | 4.05 | 3.58 | 3.86 | 3.65 | |
→6)- α-D-Galp-(1→ | 97.66 | 68.25 | 68.52 | 68.95 | 70.83 | 66.66 | 66.66 | |
D | 4.86 | 3.64 | 4.24 | 3.49 | 3.88 | 3.71 | ||
→2,4)- β-L-Arap-(1→ | 98.68 | 78.11 | 65.15 | 78.78 | 61.04 | 61.04 | ||
E | 5.06 | 3.90 | 4.14 | 3.96 | 3.84 | 3.64 | 3.86 | |
→2,6)- α-D-Galp-(1→ | 98.34 | 76.97 | 68.96 | 69.35 | 69.53 | 66.65 | 66.65 |
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Wang, D.; Wang, J.; Liu, H.; Liu, M.; Yang, Y.; Zhong, S. The Main Structural Unit Elucidation and Immunomodulatory Activity In Vitro of a Selenium-Enriched Polysaccharide Produced by Pleurotus ostreatus. Molecules 2022, 27, 2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082591
Wang D, Wang J, Liu H, Liu M, Yang Y, Zhong S. The Main Structural Unit Elucidation and Immunomodulatory Activity In Vitro of a Selenium-Enriched Polysaccharide Produced by Pleurotus ostreatus. Molecules. 2022; 27(8):2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082591
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, De, Jiahui Wang, Hui Liu, Meng Liu, Yanjing Yang, and Shian Zhong. 2022. "The Main Structural Unit Elucidation and Immunomodulatory Activity In Vitro of a Selenium-Enriched Polysaccharide Produced by Pleurotus ostreatus" Molecules 27, no. 8: 2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082591