Aqueous and Organic Solvent-Extracts of Selected South African Medicinal Plants Possess Antimicrobial Activity against Drug-Resistant Strains of Helicobacter pylori: Inhibitory and Bactericidal Potential
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Extract Yield
2.2. Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts
2.3. Bactericidal Activity
3. Experimental
3.1. Bacterial Strains
3.2. Preparation of Plant Material
3.3. Preparation of Plant Extract
3.4. Screening of Crude Extracts for Anti-H. pylori Activity
3.5. Determination of 50% Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC50)
3.6. Determination of Rate of Killing
3.7. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgement
- Conflict of InterestThe authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
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Percentage of plant crude extract obtained with different solvents
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plant | Family | EA | A | E | M | W |
Combretum molle R. Br. Ex G. Don | Combretaceae | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.0 |
Sclerocarya birrea A. Rich (Hochst) | Anacardiaceae | 0.9 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 1.9 |
Garcinia kola Heckel | Guttiferae | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 1.8 |
Strychnos species Gilg. | Loganiaceae | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 4.7 | 2.3 |
Alepidea amatymbica Eckl. and Zeyh | Apiaceae | 4.6 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 5.6 | 2.9 |
Plant | Solvent extract | Mean zone diameter ± SD (mm) | Inhibition diameter range (mm) |
---|---|---|---|
C. molle | Ethyl acetate | 10.7 ± 4.7 | 0–21 |
Acetone | 17.4 ± 5.0 | 10–38 | |
Ethanol | 12.9 ± 4.7 | 7–35 | |
Methanol | 13.1 ± 5.3 | 7–32 | |
Water | 2.7 ± 5.5 | 0–20 | |
Positive control | 13.5 ± 8.7 | 0–32 | |
S. birrea | Ethyl acetate | 13.2 ± 2.8 | 8–20 |
Acetone | 14.7 ± 2.5 | 11–21 | |
Ethanol | 3.3 ± 5.0 | 0–16 | |
Methanol | 3.0 ± 4.4 | 0–11 | |
Water | 15.0 ± 2.7 | 10–20 | |
Positive control | 16.6 ± 7.4 | 0–32 | |
G. kola | Ethyl acetate | 5.1 ± 4.6 | 0–13 |
Acetone | 8.8 ± 5.2 | 0–25 | |
Ethanol | 9.2 ± 7.2 | 0–19 | |
Methanol | 7.1 ± 5.8 | 0–20 | |
Water | 1.0 ± 2.6 | 0–8 | |
Positive control | 16.1 ± 8.3 | 0–32 | |
Strychnos sp. | Ethyl acetate | 10.1 ± 6.4 | 0–26 |
Acetone | 8.8 ± 6.8 | 0–26 | |
Ethanol | 4.9 ± 6.2 | 0–18 | |
Methanol | 5.5 ± 5.9 | 0–15 | |
Water | 11.9 ± 5.6 | 0–23 | |
Positive control | 15.5 ± 7.3 | 0–32 | |
A. amatymbica | Ethyl acetate | 8.5 ± 4.8 | 0–17 |
Acetone | 7.0 ± 6.5 | 0–20 | |
Ethanol | 6.7 ± 6.7 | 0–20 | |
Methanol | 6.1 ± 6.4 | 0–15 | |
Water | 8.0 ± 8.2 | 0–25 | |
Positive control | 14.4 ± 7.7 | 0–30 |
Crude extracts/Antibiotics
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H. pylori strains | AC | AS1 | AS2 | EG | AMPC | MNZ |
PE2A | 0.312 | 0.06 | 0.47 | 5.0 | 0.32 | 1.25 |
PE5A | 0.625 | 0.12 | 0.63 | 1.25 | 0.63 | 1.25 |
PE9C | 1.25 | 0.08 | 0.63 | 1.25 | 0.01 | 2.5 |
PE11A | 0.156 | 1.25 | 0.16 | 5.0 | 0.04 | 5.0 |
PE11C | 0.156 | 0.08 | 0.63 | 1.25 | 0.04 | 1.25 |
PE14C | 0.156 | 0.06 | 0.47 | 1.25 | 0.31 | 1.25 |
PE26A | 0.312 | 0.63 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 0.63 | 1.25 |
PE70A | 0.625 | 0.06 | 0.94 | 1.25 | 0.32 | 2.5 |
PE76A | 1.25 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 0.31 | 5.0 |
PE84C | 0.625 | 1.25 | – | 1.25 | 0.63 | 1.25 |
PE93A | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.63 | 1.25 | 0.32 | 2.5 |
PE93C | 1.25 | 0.16 | 0.47 | 1.25 | 0.63 | 1.25 |
PE102C | 0.156 | 0.31 | 2.5 | 1.25 | 0.63 | 1.25 |
PE115A | 0.312 | 0.63 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 0.31 | 5.0 |
PE155A | 2.5 | 0.08 | 0.94 | 1.25 | 0.16 | 2.5 |
PE219C | 1.25 | 0.94 | – | 1.25 | 0.31 | 1.25 |
PE252C | 0.312 | 1.25 | 2.5 | 1.25 | 0.63 | 2.5 |
PE258C | 0.312 | 0.94 | 2.5 | 1.25 | 0.08 | 3.75 |
PE369A | 0.312 | 0.63 | 0.31 | 1.25 | 0.31 | 0.08 |
PE369C | 0.625 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 1.25 | 0.31 | 2.5 |
PE397C | 0.312 | 0.08 | 1.5 | 5.0 | 0.01 | 5.0 |
PE402A | 1.25 | 0.06 | 0.49 | 5.0 | 0.32 | 2.5 |
PE411A | 0.625 | 0.08 | 0.63 | 1.25 | 0.08 | 2.5 |
PE411C | 1.25 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 1.25 | 0.31 | 1.25 |
PE430A | 0.312 | 1.25 | – | 1.25 | 0.31 | 1.25 |
PE430C | 0.625 | 0.31 | 0.47 | 1.25 | 0.31 | 1.25 |
PE435A | 0.625 | 0.63 | 1.25 | 0.63 | 0.31 | 1.25 |
PE436A | 1.25 | 0.08 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.31 | 0.04 |
PE436C | 0.312 | 1.25 | 2.5 | 1.25 | – | 1.25 |
PE466C | 0.312 | 0.36 | 2.5 | 1.25 | 0.31 | 1.25 |
NCTC 11638 | 0.312 | 0.63 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0.001 | 0.004 |
Mean ± SD | 0.63 ± 0.53 | 0.54 ± 0.56 | 1.0 ± 0.85 | 1.85 ± 1.42 | 0.30 ± 0.20 | 2.1 ± 1.42 |
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Njume, C.; Jide, A.A.; Ndip, R.N. Aqueous and Organic Solvent-Extracts of Selected South African Medicinal Plants Possess Antimicrobial Activity against Drug-Resistant Strains of Helicobacter pylori: Inhibitory and Bactericidal Potential. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12, 5652-5665. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12095652
Njume C, Jide AA, Ndip RN. Aqueous and Organic Solvent-Extracts of Selected South African Medicinal Plants Possess Antimicrobial Activity against Drug-Resistant Strains of Helicobacter pylori: Inhibitory and Bactericidal Potential. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2011; 12(9):5652-5665. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12095652
Chicago/Turabian StyleNjume, Collise, Afolayan A. Jide, and Roland N. Ndip. 2011. "Aqueous and Organic Solvent-Extracts of Selected South African Medicinal Plants Possess Antimicrobial Activity against Drug-Resistant Strains of Helicobacter pylori: Inhibitory and Bactericidal Potential" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 12, no. 9: 5652-5665. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12095652