Extraction of Dihydroquercetin from Larix gmelinii with Ultrasound-Assisted and Microwave-Assisted Alternant Digestion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Common Factors of UAE and MAE
2.1.1. Extraction Solvent
2.1.2. Soaking Time
2.1.3. Solid–Liquid Ratio
2.1.4. Extraction Cycles
2.2. Core Factors of UMAE
2.2.1. Extraction Dynamics of DHQ with UAE and MAE
2.2.2. Energy Intensity of UAE and MAE
2.3. Alternant Digestion by UAE and MAE
2.4. Comparison with Different Extraction Methods
2.4.1. Comparison the Extraction Yield of DHQ with Different Extraction Methods
2.4.2. Comparison Environmental Impact with Different Extraction Methods
2.5. Morphology by SEM
2.6. Antioxidant Activity of DHQ
2.6.1. Peroxide Value (POV) after Addition of DHQ
2.6.2. Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Synthetic Antioxidants and DHQ
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Methods
3.2.1. HPLC Analysis Conditions
3.2.2. Alternant Digestion by UAE and MAE
3.2.3. Comparison Extraction Methods
3.2.4. Scanning Electronic Microscopy
3.2.5. Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of DHQ
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
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Item | Alternant experimental program | Extraction yield (mg/g) | Environmental impact (g CO2 rejected) |
---|---|---|---|
A | UAE 60 min with 60% ethanol | 34.0 ± 1.1 | 200 |
B | MAE 60 min with 60% ethanol | 46.1 ± 1.2 | 560 |
C | UAE 40 min + MAE 20 min with 60% ethanol | 90.6 ± 2.0 | 320 |
D | MAE 20 min + UAE 40 min with 60% ethanol | 81.3 ± 3.3 | 320 |
E | UAE 20 min + MAE 10 min + UAE 20 min + | 96.2 ± 3.1 | 320 |
MAE 10 min with 60% ethanol | |||
F | MAE 10 min + UAE 20 min + MAE 10 min + | 119.6 ± 2.9 | 320 |
UAE 20 min with 60% ethanol | |||
G | Maceration extraction 24 h with 60% ethanol solution at room temperature | 12.3 ± 3.0 | /* |
H | Reflux extraction 4 h with 60% ethanol solution | 90.0 ± 2.8 | 3200 |
I | Water stirring extraction 8 h at 50 °C | 35.6 ± 1.8 | 6400 |
J | Water reflux extraction 4 h | 35.0 ± 1.4 | 3200 |
Storage time (days) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0.00‰a DHQ) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0.02‰ a DHQ) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0.04‰ a DHQ) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0.06‰ a DHQ) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0.08‰ a DHQ) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0.10‰ a DHQ) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.092 ± 0.002 | 0.092 ± 0.002 | 0.091 ± 0.003 | 0.090 ± 0.002 | 0.090 ± 0.002 | 0.090 ± 0.002 |
5 | 0.113 ± 0.002 | 0.112 ± 0.003 | 0.102 ± 0.003 | 0.098 ± 0.002 | 0.093 ± 0.002 | 0.089 ± 0.002 |
10 | 0.116 ± 0.003 | 0.115 ± 0.003 | 0.109 ± 0.003 | 0.105 ± 0.002 | 0.103 ± 0.003 | 0.103 ± 0.002 |
15 | 0.163 ± 0.002 | 0.148 ± 0.003 | 0.136 ± 0.002 | 0.125 ± 0.003 | 0.110 ± 0.003 | 0.108 ± 0.002 |
20 | 0.218 ± 0.003 | 0.193 ± 0.003 | 0.172 ± 0.002 | 0.159 ± 0.003 | 0.146 ± 0.003 | 0.139 ± 0.002 |
Storage time (days) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0.00‰a DHQ) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0.02‰ a DHQ) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0.04‰ a DHQ) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0.06‰ a DHQ) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0.08‰ a DHQ) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0.10‰ a DHQ) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.092 ± 0.002 | 0.092 ± 0.002 | 0.091 ± 0.003 | 0.090 ± 0.002 | 0.090 ± 0.002 | 0.090 ± 0.002 |
5 | 0.124 ± 0.003 | 0.119 ± 0.003 | 0.109 ± 0.002 | 0.102 ± 0.003 | 0.096 ± 0.002 | 0.093 ± 0.002 |
10 | 0.231 ± 0.002 | 0.174 ± 0.003 | 0.159 ± 0.003 | 0.152 ± 0.003 | 0.136 ± 0.003 | 0.133 ± 0.002 |
15 | 1.265 ± 0.006 | 0.713 ± 0.005 | 0.516 ± 0.004 | 0.448 ± 0.005 | 0.355 ± 0.004 | 0.300 ± 0.002 |
20 | 2.143 ± 0.012 | 1.469 ± 0.010 | 1.112 ± 0.008 | 0.800 ± 0.009 | 0.559 ± 0.007 | 0.509 ± 0.005 |
Storage time (days) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0.08‰ a DHQ) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0. 08‰ a BHA) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0. 08‰ a BHT) |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.090 ± 0.002 | 0.084 ± 0.002 | 0.091 ± 0.002 |
5 | 0.093 ± 0.002 | 0.096 ± 0.002 | 0.128 ± 0.002 |
10 | 0.103 ± 0.003 | 0.111 ± 0.002 | 0.142 ± 0.002 |
15 | 0.110 ± 0.003 | 0.138 ± 0.002 | 0.172 ± 0.002 |
20 | 0.146 ± 0.003 | 0.177 ± 0.003 | 0.203 ± 0.003 |
Storage time (days) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0. 08‰a DHQ) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0. 08‰ a BHA) | POV of soy bean oil (added 0. 08‰ a BHT) |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.090 ± 0.002 | 0.084 ± 0.002 | 0.091 ± 0.002 |
5 | 0.096 ± 0.002 | 0.109 ± 0.002 | 0.131 ± 0.002 |
10 | 0.136 ± 0.003 | 0.177 ± 0.002 | 0.222 ± 0.002 |
15 | 0.355 ± 0.004 | 0.460 ± 0.003 | 0.688 ± 0.004 |
20 | 0.559 ± 0.007 | 1.032 ± 0.009 | 1.380 ± 0.005 |
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Ma, C.; Yang, L.; Wang, W.; Yang, F.; Zhao, C.; Zu, Y. Extraction of Dihydroquercetin from Larix gmelinii with Ultrasound-Assisted and Microwave-Assisted Alternant Digestion. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 8789-8804. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13078789
Ma C, Yang L, Wang W, Yang F, Zhao C, Zu Y. Extraction of Dihydroquercetin from Larix gmelinii with Ultrasound-Assisted and Microwave-Assisted Alternant Digestion. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2012; 13(7):8789-8804. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13078789
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Chunhui, Lei Yang, Wenjie Wang, Fengjian Yang, Chunjian Zhao, and Yuangang Zu. 2012. "Extraction of Dihydroquercetin from Larix gmelinii with Ultrasound-Assisted and Microwave-Assisted Alternant Digestion" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 13, no. 7: 8789-8804. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13078789