Can Early Rehabilitation Prevent Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in the Patellofemoral Joint after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture? Understanding the Pathological Features
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Rabbit Exercise Compliance and Health Status
2.2. Histological Observations
2.2.1. CPM Group Had a Significantly Greater Articular Cartilage Thickness and Maintenance of Tidemark Continuity and More Abundant Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)
2.2.2. TNF-α and Caspase-3 Expression Increased Significantly (Highest Values) in the TRE Group and Modestly in the CPM Group
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. An ACLT Model
4.2. Treatment Regimens
4.3. Histological Processing and OA Scores
4.4. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
PFJ | Patellofemoral joint |
TFJ | Tibiofemoral joint |
FTG | Femoral trochlear groove |
RP | Retropatella |
PTOA | Posttraumatic osteoarthritis |
ACL | Anterior cruciate ligament |
TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
CPM | Continuous passive motion |
TRE | Treadmill exercise |
ROM | Range of motion |
ACLT | Anterior cruciate ligament transection |
GAG | Glycosaminoglycan |
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Chang, N.-J.; Shie, M.-Y.; Lee, K.-W.; Chou, P.-H.; Lin, C.-C.; Chu, C.-J. Can Early Rehabilitation Prevent Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in the Patellofemoral Joint after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture? Understanding the Pathological Features. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 829. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040829
Chang N-J, Shie M-Y, Lee K-W, Chou P-H, Lin C-C, Chu C-J. Can Early Rehabilitation Prevent Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in the Patellofemoral Joint after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture? Understanding the Pathological Features. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(4):829. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040829
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Nai-Jen, Ming-You Shie, Kuan-Wei Lee, Pei-Hsi Chou, Chih-Chan Lin, and Chih-Jou Chu. 2017. "Can Early Rehabilitation Prevent Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in the Patellofemoral Joint after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture? Understanding the Pathological Features" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 4: 829. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040829