Effect of Ultrasonic Extraction on Production and Structural Changes of C-Phycocyanin from Marine Spirulina maxima
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials and Preparation of the Samples
4.2. Measurement of C-Phycocyanin, Allophycocyanin, and Phycoerythrin Content in the Extracts
4.3. Structural Changes of C-PC in the Extracts from Two Different Extraction Processes
4.4. Cell Cytotoxicity of the Extracts from Two Different Extraction Processes
4.5. Measurement of Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Two Different Extracts
4.6. Determination of Antioxidant Activities of the Extracts from Two Different Processes
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
C-PC | C-phycocyanin |
APC | allophycocyanin |
PE | phycoerythrin |
UE | ultrasonic extraction |
WE | water extraction |
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Sample | Temperature (°C) | Frequency (kHz) | Extraction Time (h) | C-Phycocyanin (mg/mL) | Allophycocyanin (mg/mL) | Phycoerythrin (mg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control 1 | 4 | - | 24 | 9.8 ± 0.02 | 2.3 ± 0.02 | 0.7 ± 0.01 |
WE 2 | 25 | - | 24 | 5.7 ± 0.01 | 1.2 ± 0.05 | 0.3 ± 0.01 |
UE 3 | 25 | 60 | 1 | 8.6 ± 0.04 | 2.3 ± 0.03 | 0.5 ± 0.01 |
2 | 9.2 ± 0.13 | 2.5 ± 0.06 | 0.7 ± 0.01 | |||
3 | 11.3 ± 0.06 * | 3.1 ± 0.02 * | 0.8 ± 0.01 * | |||
4 | 10.9 ± 0.34 * | 3.0 ± 0.02 * | 0.5 ± 0.01 | |||
5 | 9.9 ± 0.07 | 2.7 ± 0.01 | 0.6 ± 0.01 | |||
20 | 3 | 10.2 ± 0.04 | 2.9 ± 0.03 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | ||
40 | 11.3 ± 0.13 * | 3.1 ± 0.05 * | 0.8 ± 0.01 * | |||
60 | 10.9 ± 0.08 | 3.0 ± 0.07 * | 0.6 ± 0.01 | |||
80 | 11.2 ± 0.16 * | 2.7 ± 0.03 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | |||
100 | 10.8 ± 0.14 * | 3.0 ± 0.08 * | 0.7 ± 0.01 |
Sample | Treatment Concentration (mg of S. maxima Extracts Powder/mL) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0.25 | 0.50 | 0.75 | 1.00 | |
WE 1 | 1.58 ± 0.009 | 6.21 ± 0.101 | 11.89 ± 1.930 | 14.06 ± 1.027 * |
UE 2 | 2.01 ± 0.057 | 7.74 ± 0.160 | 12.52 ± 1.021 * | 15.48 ± 0.994 * |
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Choi, W.Y.; Lee, H.Y. Effect of Ultrasonic Extraction on Production and Structural Changes of C-Phycocyanin from Marine Spirulina maxima. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010220
Choi WY, Lee HY. Effect of Ultrasonic Extraction on Production and Structural Changes of C-Phycocyanin from Marine Spirulina maxima. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(1):220. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010220
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Woon Yong, and Hyeon Yong Lee. 2018. "Effect of Ultrasonic Extraction on Production and Structural Changes of C-Phycocyanin from Marine Spirulina maxima" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 1: 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010220