Comparison of Compressive Stress-Relaxation Behavior in Osteoarthritic (ICRS Graded) Human Articular Cartilage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Young’s Modulus
2.2. Stress Relaxation Time (τ)
2.3. Stretching Exponent Parameter (β)
3. Discussion
3.1. Young’s Modulus
3.2. Stress Relaxation Time (τ)
3.3. Stretching Exponent Parameter (β)
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sample Preparation
4.2. Data Acquisition and Analysis
4.3. Statistical Analyses
4.4. Histological Assessment
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Stress-Relaxation Time Constant (τ) | Instantaneous Young’s Modulus i.e., Yin (at t = 0 s) | Equilibrium Young’s Modulus i.e., Yeq (at t = 1180 s) | Ratio (Yin/Yeq) | Stretching Exponent (β) | Histological Grade (OARSI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICRS grade-I | ||||||
#Section-1 | 211.2 | 6.816 | 6.816 | 2.236544 | 0.6776 | 1 |
#Section-4 | 136 | 3.426691 | 3.426691 | 3.228219 | 0.6013 | 2 |
#Section-9 | 382.4 | 4.559351 | 4.559351 | 1.684617 | 0.9331 | 1 |
#Section-11 | 157.6 | 3.7488 | 3.7488 | 2.005482 | 0.5947 | 2 |
#Section-13 | 187.6 | 5.797113 | 5.797113 | 1.996035 | 0.631 | 1 |
#Section-16 | 185.9 | 3.360478 | 3.360478 | 2.039817 | 0.6165 | 2 |
#Section-19 | 110 | 4.172465 | 4.172465 | 2.493802 | 0.5537 | 1 |
#Section-21 | 132.5 | 3.910431 | 3.910431 | 2.713876 | 0.5578 | 1 |
ICRS grade-II | ||||||
#Section-3 | 116.4 | 3.997535 | 3.997535 | 2.920333 | 0.6004 | 2 |
#Section-5 | 172.3 | 5.50605 | 5.50605 | 2.475084 | 0.6501 | 2 |
#Section-7 | 151.3 | 4.317236 | 4.317236 | 2.681396 | 0.6163 | 1 |
#Section-12 | 64.82 | 4.065479 | 4.065479 | 2.297605 | 0.4867 | 2 |
#Section-14 | 172 | 3.928383 | 3.928383 | 2.129691 | 0.5743 | 2 |
#Section-17 | 106.1 | 3.736842 | 3.736842 | 2.126649 | 0.5062 | 2 |
#Section-20 | 145.3 | 3.421194 | 3.421194 | 2.116525 | 0.6046 | 2 |
#Section-24 | 161.3 | 3.685106 | 3.685106 | 1.842395 | 0.6004 | 1 |
ICRS grade-III | ||||||
#Section-2 | 64.28 | 1.497124 | 0.443423 | 3.376287 | 0.4393 | 3 |
#Section-6 | 43.52 | 2.203448 | 0.712712 | 3.091636 | 0.4363 | 3 |
#Section-8 | 55.04 | 4.301901 | 1.327796 | 3.239881 | 0.4687 | 4 |
#Section-10 | 56.87 | 1.687635 | 0.586799 | 2.876001 | 0.4422 | 3 |
#Section-15 | 43.9 | 2.677714 | 0.997392 | 2.684714 | 0.4584 | 3 |
#Section-18 | 111.6 | 2.870444 | 1.288061 | 2.228499 | 0.5566 | 3 |
#Section-22 | 72.66 | 3.397942 | 1.231759 | 2.758608 | 0.4996 | 4 |
#Section-23 | 27.74 | 1.927954 | 0.496422 | 3.883696 | 0.4236 | 3 |
Cartilage Section (Total n = 24) | Assignment of ICRS Grdae | ||
---|---|---|---|
Grade-I (n = 8) | Grade-II (n = 8) | Grade-III (n = 8) | |
Patient 1 | Section-1 (L) | x | x |
Patient 2 | x | x | Section-2 (M) |
Patient 3 | x | Section-3 (L) | x |
Patient 4 | Section-4 (M) | Section-5 (M) | Section-6 (L) |
Patient 5 | x | Section-7 (M) | Section-8 (L) |
Patient 6 | Section-9 (L) | x | Section-10 (M) |
Patient 7 | Section-11 (L) | Section-12 (M) | x |
Patient 8 | Section-13 (L) | Section-14 (L) | Section-15 (M) |
Patient 9 | Section-16 (M) | x | x |
Patient 10 | x | Section-17 (M) | Section-18 (M) |
Patient 11 | Section-19 (L) | Section-20 (M) | x |
Patient 12 | Section-21 (L) | x | Section-22 (M) |
Patient 13 | x | x | Section-23 (M) |
Patient 14 | x | Section-24 (L) | x |
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Kumar, R.; Pierce, D.M.; Isaksen, V.; Davies, C.D.L.; Drogset, J.O.; Lilledahl, M.B. Comparison of Compressive Stress-Relaxation Behavior in Osteoarthritic (ICRS Graded) Human Articular Cartilage. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020413
Kumar R, Pierce DM, Isaksen V, Davies CDL, Drogset JO, Lilledahl MB. Comparison of Compressive Stress-Relaxation Behavior in Osteoarthritic (ICRS Graded) Human Articular Cartilage. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(2):413. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020413
Chicago/Turabian StyleKumar, Rajesh, David M. Pierce, Vidar Isaksen, Catharina De Lange Davies, Jon O. Drogset, and Magnus B. Lilledahl. 2018. "Comparison of Compressive Stress-Relaxation Behavior in Osteoarthritic (ICRS Graded) Human Articular Cartilage" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 2: 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020413