Tapetal-Delayed Programmed Cell Death (PCD) and Oxidative Stress-Induced Male Sterility of Aegilops uniaristata Cytoplasm in Wheat
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Abortive Morphological Features in U87B1-706A
2.2. Tapetal Development in Anthers
2.3. Tapetal PCD Detection in Anthers
2.4. Cytological Characteristics of Microspores
2.5. O2− Generation Rate and Contents of H2O2 and MDA
2.6. Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes and Nonenzymatic Antioxidants
2.7. Expression Levels of Antioxidant Enzyme Genes
3. Discussion
3.1. The Critical Period of Abortion in Mu Type-CMS
3.2. Tapetal PCD and Pollen Abortion in Mu Type-CMS
3.3. ROS and Antioxidant Defense System in Mu Type-CMS
4. Methods
4.1. Plant Materials
4.2. Phenotypic Characterization
4.3. Histological Analysis
4.4. TUNEL and DNA Laddering Analysis
4.5. Quantification of ROS and Antioxidants
4.6. Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and Quantitative Real-Time-PCR (qRT-PCR) Analysis of Antioxidant Enzyme Genes
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CMS | cytoplasmic male sterility |
PCD | programmed cell death |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
SOD | superoxide dismutase |
CAT | catalase |
POD | peroxidase |
APX | ascorbate peroxidase |
GPX | glutathione peroxidase |
ASA | ascorbic acid |
GSH | glutathione |
TUNEL | terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling |
SEM | scanning electron microscopy |
DAPI | 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole |
TEM | transmission electron microscopy |
MDA | malondialdehyde |
Uby | Ubisch bodies |
Ap | germination aperture |
E | epidermis |
En | endothecium |
ML | middle layer |
T | tapetum |
Tds | tetrads |
Msp | microspores |
ER | endoplasmic reticulum |
N | nucleus |
Ta | tapetosome |
V | vacuole |
PE | primexine |
Se | sexine |
DM | deposit materials |
PM | plasma membrane |
In | intine |
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Liu, Z.; Shi, X.; Li, S.; Hu, G.; Zhang, L.; Song, X. Tapetal-Delayed Programmed Cell Death (PCD) and Oxidative Stress-Induced Male Sterility of Aegilops uniaristata Cytoplasm in Wheat. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 1708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19061708
Liu Z, Shi X, Li S, Hu G, Zhang L, Song X. Tapetal-Delayed Programmed Cell Death (PCD) and Oxidative Stress-Induced Male Sterility of Aegilops uniaristata Cytoplasm in Wheat. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(6):1708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19061708
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Zihan, Xiaoyi Shi, Sha Li, Gan Hu, Lingli Zhang, and Xiyue Song. 2018. "Tapetal-Delayed Programmed Cell Death (PCD) and Oxidative Stress-Induced Male Sterility of Aegilops uniaristata Cytoplasm in Wheat" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 6: 1708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19061708