Recent Progress in the Regeneration of Spinal Cord Injuries by Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Differentiation of iPSCs into NPCs
3. Advances in Scaffold Construction
4. SCI Modeling and Therapy with iPSC-Derived NPCs
5. Important Considerations before Clinical Application of iPSCs-NPCs in SCI
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Animal Model | Lesion Type | Lesion Site | Starting Cell Type | Obtained Cells After Neural Induction | Differentiated Cell Types for TP | Timing of TP After SCI | Outcome after TP and Time of Recovery | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C57BL/6N adult mouse | Contusion injury by IH impactor | T10 | Mouse iPSCs | iPSC- derived neurospheres | iPSC-NPCs | 9 days | Functional recovery – 21 d.; inhibition of astrogliosis, no teratoma formation | [29] |
NOD/SCID mouse | Contusion injury by IH impactor | T10 | Mouse iPSCs | iPSC- derived neurospheres | iPSC-NPCs | 9 days | Functional recovery – 42 d.; no tumor formation | [30] |
NOD/SCID mouse | Contusion injury by IH impactor | T9-T10 | Mouse iPSCs | iPSC- derived neurospheres | iPSC- astrocytes | 3–7 days | No functional recovery; increase of sensitivity to mechanical stimuli | [24] |
NOD/SCID mouse | Contusion injury | T10 | Human iPSCs | iPSC- derived neurospheres | hiPSC-NPCs | 7 days | Functional recovery – 8 w., graft survival with incomplete filling of lesions | [31] |
Common marmoset | Contusion injury by weight-drop device | C5 | Human iPSCs | iPSC- derived neurospheres | hiPSC- NSCs | 9 days | Functional recovery – 56 d., angiogenesis, remyelinization; no tumor formation | [32] |
Long- Evans rat | Hemi-contusion by Ohio State Injury Device | C4 | Human iPSCs | iPSC- derived neural tube rosettes | hiPSCs - NPCs; iPSC-OPs | 4 weeks | No functional improvement; graft survival with incomplete filling of lesion | [18] |
Athymic nude rat | Lateral hemi-section | C5 | Human iPSCs | iPSC- derived neural tube rosettes | hiPSC-NSCs | 2 weeks | No functional recovery; robust extension of axons without myelination; | [33] |
BALB/cA mouse | Laminectomy | T10 | Human iPSCs | iPSC- derived neurospheres | Tumorigenic hiPSC-NSC/NPCs | daily (28 days) | Massive rejection of hiPSC-NSC/NPC – based tumors cause by cessation of immunosuppressants | [34] |
Wistar rats | Balloon induced-compression | T8-T9 | Human iPSCs | iPSC- derived EBs | iPSC-NPCs | 7 days | Functional recovery – 14 d.; differentiated neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes; axonal regrowth | [35] |
NOD/SCID mouse | Contusion injury | T10 | Human iPSCs | iPSC- derived neurospheres | OPs- derived from hiPSC-NPCs | 9 days | Improvement of functional recovery- 35 d.; injured axons remyelination; no tumor formation | [20] |
Wistar rats | Balloon induced-compression | T10 | Human iPSCs | iPSC- derived neurospheres | iPSC-NPCs | 7 days | Functional recovery – 8 w.; reduced astrogliosis; decrease inflammation | [15] |
Wistar rats | Contusion injury | T9-T11 | Mouse iPSCs | iPSC- derived EBs | OPs- derived from iPSC-NPCs | 7 days | Possible promotion of functional recovery based on the results of a miRNA assay – 7 d. | [23] |
NOD/SCID mouse | Contusion injury | T10 | Human iPSCs | iPSC- derived EBs | hiPSC-NSC/NPCs | 9 days | Improvement of locomotor function; axonal regrowth and remyelination – 42 d.; no tumor formation | [36] |
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Csobonyeiova, M.; Polak, S.; Zamborsky, R.; Danisovic, L. Recent Progress in the Regeneration of Spinal Cord Injuries by Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3838. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153838
Csobonyeiova M, Polak S, Zamborsky R, Danisovic L. Recent Progress in the Regeneration of Spinal Cord Injuries by Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(15):3838. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153838
Chicago/Turabian StyleCsobonyeiova, Maria, Stefan Polak, Radoslav Zamborsky, and Lubos Danisovic. 2019. "Recent Progress in the Regeneration of Spinal Cord Injuries by Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 15: 3838. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153838