Acoustic Trauma Modulates Cochlear Blood Flow and Vasoactive Factors in a Rodent Model of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Auditory Brainstem Response Threshold by Transient Hearing Threshold Shift and Permanent Hearing Threshold Shift
2.2. Survival of SGNs is Modulated by Severity of Noise Trauma
2.3. Changes in Spiral Ligament Fibrocytes
2.4. Acoustic Trauma Modulates Cochlear Microcirculation
2.5. Microvasculature of Stria Vascularis after Acoustic injury
2.6. Stria Vascularis Thickness is Changed by Noise Exposure
2.7. Vasoactive Genes are Differentially Expressed in Both TTS and PTS
2.8. Genes Involved in Oxidative Stress are Modulated by Noise Trauma
2.9. Genes Involved in Proinflammatory Responses are Modulated by Noise Trauma
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Animals and Design
4.2. Noise Exposure
4.3. Auditory Brainstem Response
4.4. Hematoxylin Staining
4.5. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
4.6. Measurement of Cochlear Blood Flow
4.7. Measurement of the Stria Capillary Thickness
4.8. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)
4.9. Image Processing and Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
TTS | transient hearing threshold shift |
PTS | permanent hearing threshold shift |
IL | interleukin |
TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
NIHL | noise-induced hearing loss |
SLFs | spiral ligament fibrocytes |
SGNs | spiral ganglion neurons |
ADRA1A | alpha-1A adrenergic receptor |
ADRA1D | alpha-1D adrenergic receptor |
ET A | endothelin receptor type A |
ET B | endothelin receptor type B |
HO-1 | heme oxygenase 1 |
eNOS | endothelial nitric oxide synthase |
AT2 | angiotensin 2 receptor type 2 |
ADORA2A | adenosine A2A receptor |
PGE2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 |
PGI2 | prostaglandin I2 receptor |
VEGF-A | vascular endothelial growth factor A |
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Shin, S.-A.; Lyu, A.-R.; Jeong, S.-H.; Kim, T.H.; Park, M.J.; Park, Y.-H. Acoustic Trauma Modulates Cochlear Blood Flow and Vasoactive Factors in a Rodent Model of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215316
Shin S-A, Lyu A-R, Jeong S-H, Kim TH, Park MJ, Park Y-H. Acoustic Trauma Modulates Cochlear Blood Flow and Vasoactive Factors in a Rodent Model of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(21):5316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215316
Chicago/Turabian StyleShin, Sun-Ae, Ah-Ra Lyu, Seong-Hun Jeong, Tae Hwan Kim, Min Jung Park, and Yong-Ho Park. 2019. "Acoustic Trauma Modulates Cochlear Blood Flow and Vasoactive Factors in a Rodent Model of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 21: 5316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215316