Activation of the Ion Channel TRPV4 Induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. TRPV4 Expression Associates with Tumor Dissemination
2.2. Regulation of Ca2+ Influx and Vimentin Protein Expression by TRPV4
2.3. Promotion of EMT by TRPV4 Activation
2.4. Regulation of Cell Motility by TRPV4
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture
4.2. Quantitative Real-Time RT–PCR
4.3. Immunoblotting
4.4. siRNA Silencing
4.5. Cell Migration Assay
4.6. Measurement of Cytosolic Free Ca2+
4.7. Patient Survival Analysis
4.8. Gene Correlation Analysis
4.9. Weighted Correlation Network Analysis
4.10. Weighted Correlation Network Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Basal | Basal-like |
DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium |
EGF | epidermal growth factor |
EMT | epithelial to mesenchymal transition |
E-Cad | E-cadherin |
FBS | fetal bovine serum |
FLIPR | fluorometric imaging plate reader |
HER2 | HER2-Enriched |
LumA | Luminal A |
LumB | Luminal B |
MeV | Multiple Experiment Viewer |
N-Like | Normal-like |
PAR2 | protease-activated receptor 2 |
RFS | relapse-free survival |
RSEM | RNA-seq by expectation maximization |
RPMI | Roswell Park Memorial Institute |
TCGA | the Cancer Genome Atlas |
TGFβ1 | transforming growth factor β1 |
WGCNA | weighted gene co-expression network analysis |
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Azimi, I.; Robitaille, M.; Armitage, K.; So, C.L.; Milevskiy, M.J.G.; Northwood, K.; Lim, H.F.; Thompson, E.W.; Roberts-Thomson, S.J.; Monteith, G.R. Activation of the Ion Channel TRPV4 Induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 9417. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249417
Azimi I, Robitaille M, Armitage K, So CL, Milevskiy MJG, Northwood K, Lim HF, Thompson EW, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. Activation of the Ion Channel TRPV4 Induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(24):9417. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249417
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzimi, Iman, Mélanie Robitaille, Kaela Armitage, Choon Leng So, Michael J. G. Milevskiy, Korinne Northwood, Huai Fang Lim, Erik W. Thompson, Sarah J. Roberts-Thomson, and Gregory R. Monteith. 2020. "Activation of the Ion Channel TRPV4 Induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24: 9417. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249417