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Review

Epicardial Adipose Tissue, Adiponectin and Leptin: A Potential Source of Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease

by
Luis D’Marco
1,
Maria Jesús Puchades
1,
Jose Luis Gorriz
1,
Maria Romero-Parra
1,
Marcos Lima-Martínez
2,
Carlos Soto
3,
Valmore Bermúdez
4 and
Paolo Raggi
5,*
1
Nephrology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
2
Physiologic Sciences Department, School of Health Sciences, Universidad de Oriente, Bolívar 5110, Venezuela
3
Nephrology Department, Consorci Sanitari del Alt Penedes-Garraf, 08800 Barcelona, Spain
4
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia
5
Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(3), 978; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030978
Submission received: 18 December 2019 / Revised: 21 January 2020 / Accepted: 29 January 2020 / Published: 1 February 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive and Uremic Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease)
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Abstract

The importance of cardiometabolic factors in the inception and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is increasingly being recognized. Beyond diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, other factors may be responsible in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease, which is estimated to be 5- to 20-fold higher than in the general population. Although undefined uremic toxins are often blamed for part of the increased risk, visceral adipose tissue, and in particular epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), have been the focus of intense research in the past two decades. In fact, several lines of evidence suggest their involvement in atherosclerosis development and its complications. EAT may promote atherosclerosis through paracrine and endocrine pathways exerted via the secretion of adipocytokines such as adiponectin and leptin. In this article we review the current knowledge of the impact of EAT on cardiovascular outcomes in the general population and in patients with CKD. Special reference will be made to adiponectin and leptin as possible mediators of the increased cardiovascular risk linked with EAT.
Keywords: Adiponectin; leptin; epicardial adipose tissue; cardiovascular disease Adiponectin; leptin; epicardial adipose tissue; cardiovascular disease
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MDPI and ACS Style

D’Marco, L.; Puchades, M.J.; Gorriz, J.L.; Romero-Parra, M.; Lima-Martínez, M.; Soto, C.; Bermúdez, V.; Raggi, P. Epicardial Adipose Tissue, Adiponectin and Leptin: A Potential Source of Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030978

AMA Style

D’Marco L, Puchades MJ, Gorriz JL, Romero-Parra M, Lima-Martínez M, Soto C, Bermúdez V, Raggi P. Epicardial Adipose Tissue, Adiponectin and Leptin: A Potential Source of Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(3):978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030978

Chicago/Turabian Style

D’Marco, Luis, Maria Jesús Puchades, Jose Luis Gorriz, Maria Romero-Parra, Marcos Lima-Martínez, Carlos Soto, Valmore Bermúdez, and Paolo Raggi. 2020. "Epicardial Adipose Tissue, Adiponectin and Leptin: A Potential Source of Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3: 978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030978

APA Style

D’Marco, L., Puchades, M. J., Gorriz, J. L., Romero-Parra, M., Lima-Martínez, M., Soto, C., Bermúdez, V., & Raggi, P. (2020). Epicardial Adipose Tissue, Adiponectin and Leptin: A Potential Source of Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(3), 978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030978

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