Identification of Molecular Basis for Objective Discrimination of Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7) from Normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells by Raman Microspectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Univariate Analysis of Normal and MCF-7 Cells Gives Little Information for Objective Discrimination
2.2. Application of Multivariate Statistical Methods to Discriminate Cancer Cells
2.2.1. Principal Components Analysis
2.2.2. Linear Discriminant Analysis
2.2.3. Support Vector Machine Analysis
2.2.4. Multivariate Curve Resolution Analysis
2.3. Molecular Assignment of MCR-ALS Extracted Lipid Components
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture
4.2. Raman Microspectroscopy
4.3. Data Analysis
4.3.1. Discriminant Analysis
4.3.2. MCR-ALS
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AA | Arachidonic acid |
ALA | α-linolenic acid |
DHA | Docosahexaenoic acid |
EPA | Eicosapentaenoic acid |
GLA | γ-linolenic acid |
HMEpC | Human mammary epithelial cells |
LA | Linoleic acid |
LDA | Linear discriminant analysis |
MA | Multivariate analysis |
MCF-7 | Michigan cancer foundation-7 |
MCR-ALS | Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares |
OA | Oleic acid |
PC | Principal components |
PCA | Principal components analysis |
PMA | Palmitoleic acid |
PUFA | Polyunsaturated fatty acids |
RS | Raman Spectroscopy |
SVD | Singular value decomposition |
SVM | Support vector machine |
TLA | Trilinoleic acid |
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HMEpC | MCF-7 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Predicted | HMEpC | 30 | 1 |
MCF-7 | 0 | 29 |
Actual | |||
---|---|---|---|
HMEpC | MCF-7 | ||
Predicted | HMEpC | 30 | 0 |
MCF-7 | 0 | 30 |
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Iwasaki, K.; Araki, A.; Krishna, C.M.; Maruyama, R.; Yamamoto, T.; Noothalapati, H. Identification of Molecular Basis for Objective Discrimination of Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7) from Normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells by Raman Microspectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution Analysis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020800
Iwasaki K, Araki A, Krishna CM, Maruyama R, Yamamoto T, Noothalapati H. Identification of Molecular Basis for Objective Discrimination of Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7) from Normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells by Raman Microspectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution Analysis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(2):800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020800
Chicago/Turabian StyleIwasaki, Keita, Asuka Araki, C Murali Krishna, Riruke Maruyama, Tatsuyuki Yamamoto, and Hemanth Noothalapati. 2021. "Identification of Molecular Basis for Objective Discrimination of Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7) from Normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells by Raman Microspectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution Analysis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2: 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020800