Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in the Spatial and Temporal Expansion of Tumor–Immune Interactions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. EVs Expand the Tumor–Immune Interactions
2.1. EVs in the Tumor-Immune Environment Cross-Talk
2.1.1. T Cells
2.1.2. B Cells and Plasma Cells
2.1.3. NK Cells
2.1.4. Professional APCs
2.2. EVs in the Microbiota—Gut Barrier Tumor Cross-Talk
2.3. EVs in Physical Exercise-Tumor Cross-Talk
3. EVs in Tumor Development—Role of Immune Responses and Implications for Diagnostics
3.1. EVs in the Promotion of Cell Proliferation and Immune Escape
3.2. EVs in Intervention-Induced Innate Immune Responses
3.3. Implications for Diagnostics
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lipinski, S.; Tiemann, K. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in the Spatial and Temporal Expansion of Tumor–Immune Interactions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 3374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073374
Lipinski S, Tiemann K. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in the Spatial and Temporal Expansion of Tumor–Immune Interactions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(7):3374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073374
Chicago/Turabian StyleLipinski, Simone, and Katharina Tiemann. 2021. "Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in the Spatial and Temporal Expansion of Tumor–Immune Interactions" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7: 3374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073374