The Potential of Calcium/Phosphate Containing MAO Implanted in Bone Tissue Regeneration and Biological Characteristics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Preparation of Specimens
2.2. Characterization
2.3. Electrochemical Measurements and Corrosion Test
2.4. Mechanical Testing
2.5. Animal Surgery and Implant Harvest
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Specimen Surface Characteristic Analysis
3.1.1. Surface Morphology and Chemical Composition
3.1.2. Cross-Section SEM Characterization
3.1.3. Surface Phase Composition Analysis
3.1.4. Electrochemical Measurements and Corrosion Test
3.1.5. Surface Roughness and Porosity
3.1.6. Mechanical Properties
3.2. Biocompatibility Test
3.2.1. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Test-MTT Assay
3.2.2. XPS Analysis
3.3. Animal Experiments
3.3.1. Radiological Examination
3.3.2. μCT Scanning
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Na2SiO3 | NaOH | Na3PO4 | Ca3(PO4)2 | EDTA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EDTA2.5 | 60 g/L | 70 g/L | 20 g/L | 7.0 g/L | 2.5 g/L |
EDTA5.0 | 60 g/L | 70 g/L | 20 g/L | 7.0 g/L | 5.0 g/L |
EDTA7.5 | 60 g/L | 70 g/L | 20 g/L | 7.0 g/L | 7.5 g/L |
Element-Atomic% | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | O | Ca | Mg | Al | Si | Total | |
EDTA2.5 | 9.66 | 53.2 | - | 29.1 | 0.79 | 7.25 | 100 |
EDTA5.0 | 10.3 | 53.8 | 0.75 | 27.9 | 0.7 | 6.55 | 100 |
EDTA7.5 | 14.2 | 55.3 | 1.19 | 20.9 | 0.54 | 7.87 | 100 |
Hydrogen Volumes (mL/14 day) | Hydrogen Evolution Corrosion Rate (mm/y) | Surface Roughness (µm) | Porosity (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
EDTA2.5 | 11 ± 1.3 | 1.79 ± 0.38 | 0.85 ± 0.19 | 2.59 ± 0.47 |
EDTA5.0 | 9 ± 1.0 | 1.47 ± 0.29 | 0.79 ± 0.14 | 2.23 ± 0.45 |
EDTA7.5 | 8 ± 1.0 | 1.30 ± 0.21 | 0.62 ± 0.10 | 2.08 ± 0.45 |
AZ31 Mg Alloy Bone Screw | |
---|---|
Locking force with non-immersed SBF (A) | 308 ± 40 N |
Locking force with immersed for 6 weeks (B) | 285 ± 40 N |
Residual locking force with immersed for 6 weeks (B/A) | 92% |
Locking force with immersed for 10 weeks (C) | 265 ± 42 N |
Residual locking force with immersed for 10 weeks (C/A) | 86% |
Extracts | Cell Morphology | Inhibition of Viability | Cytotoxicity |
---|---|---|---|
Ca-P containing MAO sample | 1 | <30% | None |
Blank control | 0 | <30% | None |
Positive control | 4 | 98.2% | Cytotoxicity |
Negative control | 0 | <30% | None |
Non-Immersed in SBF | After Immersed in SBF for 48 h | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
EDTA 0 g Bath | EDTA 7.5 g Bath | EDTA 0 G Bath | EDTA 7.5 g Bath | |
Ca | 0% | 3.95% | 14.8% | 17.1% |
P | 1.72% | 2.08% | 11.6% | 11.6% |
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Jian, S.-Y.; Aktug, S.L.; Huang, H.-T.; Ho, C.-J.; Lin, S.-Y.; Chen, C.-H.; Wang, M.-W.; Tseng, C.-C. The Potential of Calcium/Phosphate Containing MAO Implanted in Bone Tissue Regeneration and Biological Characteristics. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 4706. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094706
Jian S-Y, Aktug SL, Huang H-T, Ho C-J, Lin S-Y, Chen C-H, Wang M-W, Tseng C-C. The Potential of Calcium/Phosphate Containing MAO Implanted in Bone Tissue Regeneration and Biological Characteristics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(9):4706. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094706
Chicago/Turabian StyleJian, Shun-Yi, Salim Levent Aktug, Hsuan-Ti Huang, Cheng-Jung Ho, Sung-Yen Lin, Chung-Hwan Chen, Min-Wen Wang, and Chun-Chieh Tseng. 2021. "The Potential of Calcium/Phosphate Containing MAO Implanted in Bone Tissue Regeneration and Biological Characteristics" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9: 4706. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094706