The (Poly)Pharmacology of Cannabidiol in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Molecular Mechanisms and Targets
Abstract
:1. Cannabidiol
2. Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Potentially Affected by CBD Treatment
2.1. Epilepsy and Cannabidiol
2.2. Alzheimer’s Disease and Cannabidiol
2.3. Parkinson’s Disease and Cannabidiol
2.4. Depression and Cannabidiol
2.5. Anxiety Disorders and Cannabidiol
2.6. Drug Addiction and Cannabidiol
2.7. Autism Spectrum Disorder and Cannabidiol
2.8. Psychotic Disorders and Cannabidiol
3. CBD Molecular Targets and Mechanisms Involved in the Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
3.1. Cys-Loop Superfamily of Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
3.1.1. GABAARs
3.1.2. GlyRs
3.1.3. 5-HT3Rs
3.2. TRP Channels
3.2.1. TRPV1
3.2.2. Other TRP Channels
3.3. GPCRs
3.3.1. CB1R
3.3.2. 5-HT1AR
3.3.3. GPR3 and GPR6
3.3.4. GPR55
3.4. σ1R
3.5. PPARγ
4. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
2-AG | 2-arachidonoyl glycerol |
5-HT | 5-hydroxytryptamine/serotonin |
5-HTnRs | 5-hydroxytryptamine subtype n receptors (n = 1A, 3) |
8-OH-DPAT | 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin |
AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
AEA | N-arachidonoylethanolamine/anandamide |
AEDs | antiepileptic drugs |
ARDs | ankyrin repeat domains |
ASD | Autism spectrum disorder |
BDNF | brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
BDZ | benzodiazepine |
CaM-Kinase II | Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II |
cAMP | cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
CB1R | cannabinoid receptor 1 |
CBD | Cannabidiol |
CBDV | cannabidivarin |
CNS | central nervous system |
DRE | drug-resistant epilepsy |
DS | Dravet syndrome |
DZP | diazepam |
ECD | extracellular N-terminal domain |
EMA | European Medicines Agency |
FAAH | fatty acid amide hydrolase |
FDA | US Food and Drug Administration |
FSK | forskolin |
GABA | γ-aminobutyric acid |
GABANRs | GABA N receptors (N = A,B) |
GlyRs | glycine receptors |
GPCRs | G-protein coupled receptors |
GTPγS | guanosine 5′-O-[γ-thio]triphosphate |
HINT1 | histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 |
HMGB1 | high mobility group box 1 |
IL-n | interleukin n (n = 1β, 6) |
LGS | Lennox-Gastaut syndrome |
LTD | long-term depression |
NAM | negative allosteric modulator |
NMDA | N-methyl-D-aspartate |
NMDAR | NMDA receptor |
NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance |
PD | Parkinson’s disease |
PKA | protein kinase A |
PKC | protein kinase C |
PPAR | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor |
PTZ | pentylenetetrazol |
TCA | trans-cinnamaldehyde |
TLE | temporal lobe epilepsy |
TMD | transmembrane domain |
TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
TRPA1 | transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 protein |
TRPVn | transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member n (n = 1–6) |
VSLD | voltage-sensor like domain |
Δ9-THC | Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol |
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Vitale, R.M.; Iannotti, F.A.; Amodeo, P. The (Poly)Pharmacology of Cannabidiol in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Molecular Mechanisms and Targets. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 4876. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094876
Vitale RM, Iannotti FA, Amodeo P. The (Poly)Pharmacology of Cannabidiol in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Molecular Mechanisms and Targets. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(9):4876. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094876
Chicago/Turabian StyleVitale, Rosa Maria, Fabio Arturo Iannotti, and Pietro Amodeo. 2021. "The (Poly)Pharmacology of Cannabidiol in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Molecular Mechanisms and Targets" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9: 4876. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094876